scholarly journals IV. On the origin from the spinal cord of the cervical and thoracic sympathetic fibres, with some observations on white and grey rami communicantes

1892 ◽  
Vol 183 ◽  
pp. 85-124 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Canal ◽  
The Face ◽  
Rami Communicantes ◽  
Upper Thoracic ◽  
Stimulation Of

In the course of experiments already published on the origin from the spinal cord of the sweat-fibres for the fore-foot, and of the pilo-motor fibres for the face and neck, I had occasion to stimulate, in the spinal canal, the lower cervical and upper thoracic nerves. Whilst doing so I paid attention to the occurrence or non-occurrence of effects other than those with which I was at the time most concerned. Since the resuffs were in many cases not in accordance with the statements of earlier observers, it seemed to me desirable to determine as many as possible of the “sympathetic” effects, which can be produced by stimulation of each of the lower cervical and of the upper thoracic nerves.

Functional Analysis of the Cardioaugmentor and Cardioaccelerator Pathways in the Dog

1957 ◽  
Vol 191 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter C. Randall ◽  
Howard McNally ◽  
Jerry Cowan ◽  
Lawrence Caliguiri ◽  
Wayne G. Rohse
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Stellate Ganglion ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Direct Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Cervical Ganglia ◽  
The Right ◽  
Upper Thoracic ◽  
Stimulation Of

The direct, electrical stimulation of the thoracic anterior roots, the communicating rami, and the upper thoracic sympathetic trunk in the dog reveals the preganglionic pathways followed by the cardiac accelerator and augmentor nerves. These nerve fibers are generally intermingled in each of the above pathways, but accelerator fibers are much more prominent on the right whereas augmentor fibers predominate on the left. The most significant pathways are via the T2 and T3 anterior roots and communicating rami, but significant responses were elicited from the T4 nerves and occasionally from the T1 and T5 nerves. Neither accelerator nor augmentor responses could be induced by stimulation of the C8 nerve nor by excitation of nerves below T5. It is concluded that preganglionic cardiomotor fibers enter the trunk between T1 and T5, course cephalad to the stellate ganglion where they may synapse or pass to the caudal cervical ganglion by way of the ansa subclavia. The stellate cardiac nerve furnishes a very important postganglionic augmentor and accelerator pathway, when it is present, but direct branches from the caudal cervical ganglia carry a majority of these fibers in most animals. Augmentor and accelerator fibers can not be functionally separated at any point in their anatomical pathways from the spinal cord to the heart. Responses seem to be determined rather, by the site of nerve terminations in heart tissue.

scholarly journals II. On the origin from the spinal cord of the cervical and upper thoracic sympathetic fibres, with some observa­tions on white and grey rami communicantes

1892 ◽  
Vol 50 (302-307) ◽  
pp. 446-448
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Vertebral Canal ◽  
Rami Communicantes ◽  
Upper Thoracic

The experiments of which an account is given in this paper were made upon anæsthetised cats, dogs, and rabbits. The lower cervical and upper thoracic nerves were tied, cut, and stimulated in the vertebral canal, and the effects of the stimulation observed.

scholarly journals Distal spinal cord stimulation in infants with myelomeningoceles: preliminary study

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Leland Albright
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Spinal Cord Stimulation ◽  
Spinal Canal ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Monopolar Stimulation ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Stimulation Of

OBJECT The purpose of this study of infants with myelomeningoceles was to evaluate the effect of stimulation of the distal spinal cord, proximal to the neural placode, on functioning lower-extremity muscles distal to the placode. METHODS In 13 infants with lumbosacral myelomeningoceles, the lateral spinal cord was stimulated, with a monopolar probe, between its exit from the spinal canal and the neural placode. Responses of functional muscles in the lower extremities were monitored with a neural integrity monitor. RESULTS Stimulation of the lateral spinal cord resulted in no contraction of lower-extremity muscles in 7 of 13 infants in whom no nerves exited the cord between the spinal canal and the neural placode. In those with exiting nerves in that location, stimulation of the cord resulted in the contraction of functional muscles. Distal cordectomies at the junction between the spinal cord and the neural placode, distal to any nerve roots exiting from the cord, resulted in no loss of movement. CONCLUSIONS Monopolar stimulation of the lateral spinal cord does not seem to cause contraction of functional lower-extremity muscles unless nerve roots to the lower extremities exit the cord distal to the spinal canal but before its junction with the neural placode. Muscle contraction in cases in which nerve roots exit the spinal cord between the canal and the placode may be caused by the spread of current from the monopolar stimulator.

TRIGEMINAL PROJECTIONS IN THE RETICULAR FORMATION OF THE PONS IN THE CAT

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
J. M. Langlois ◽  
Guy Lamarche
Keyword(s):  
Reticular Formation ◽  
Trigeminal Nerve ◽  
Unit Activity ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Pontine Reticular Formation ◽  
Recording Unit ◽  
Spatial Convergence ◽  
The Face ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Stimulation Of

The projections of the trigeminal nerve in the pontine reticular formation of the cat have been investigated by recording unit activity, after physiological stimulation of the face, in 30 "encéphales isolés" preparations. No somatotopical arrangement was found but a high degree of spatial convergence onto pontine reticular units exists and a certain degree of functional organization was observed.

An upper thoracic spinal cord tumor presenting as hemifacial hyperhidrosis

2007 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cumhur Kilinçer ◽  
Levent Öztürk ◽  
M. Kemal Hamamcioglu ◽  
Emre Altunrende ◽  
Sebahattin Çobanoglu
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Tumor ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Upper Thoracic

scholarly journals T lymphocyte-dependent B lymphocyte proliferative response to antigen. I Genetic restriction of the stimulation of B lymphocyte proliferation.

1981 ◽  
Vol 153 (4) ◽  
pp. 871-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Y Tse ◽  
J J Mond ◽  
W E Paul
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Lymphocyte Proliferation ◽  
B Lymphocyte ◽  
Antigen Specificity ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
The Face ◽  
Stimulation Of

For the purpose of examining more closely the interaction between T and B lymphocytes, we have developed an in vitro T lymphocyte-dependent B lymphocyte proliferation assay. Proliferation of B lymphocytes in response to antigen was found to depend on the presence of primed T lymphocytes; the B lymphocytes could be derived from nonprimed animals. It appears that these B cells were nonspecifically recruited to proliferate. This nonspecific recruitment, however, was found to be Ir-gene restricted in that B lymphocytes from B10.S mice, which are genetic nonresponders to the polymer Glu60-Ala30-Tyr10 (GAT), could not be stimulated by GAT-primed (responder X nonresponder) F1 T cells. The apparent lack of antigen specificity in the face of Ir gene-restricted T-B interaction may have important implications in our understanding of the recognition unit(s) on T lymphocytes.

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