scholarly journals XI. Essay towards a first approximation to a map of cotidal lines

1833 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 147-236 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Lunar Tide ◽  
Universal Gravitation ◽  
Newtonian Theory ◽  
First Approximation ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
General Explanation ◽  
Different Parts

Ever since the time of Newton, his explanation of the general phenomena of the tides by means of the action of the moon and the sun has been assented to by all philosophers who have given their attention to the subject. But even up to the present day this general explanation has not been pursued into its results in detail, so as to show its bearing on the special phenomena of particular places,—to connect the actual tides of all the different parts of the world,—and to account for their varieties and seeming anomalies. With regard to this alone, of all the consequences of the law of universal gravitation, the task of bringing the developed theory into comparison with multiplied and extensive observations is still incomplete; we might almost say, is still to be begun. Daniel Bernoulli, in his Prize Dissertation of 1740, deduced from the Newtonian theory certain methods for the construction of tide tables, which agree with the methods still commonly used. More recently Laplace turned his attention to this subject; and by treating the tides as a problem of the oscillations rather than of the equilibrium of fluids, undoubtedly introduced the correct view of the real operation of the forces; but it does not appear that in this way he has obtained any consequences to which Newton’s mode of considering the subject did not lead with equal certainty and greater simplicity; moreover by confounding, in the course of his calculations, the quantities which he designates by λ and λ', the epochs of the solar and lunar tide (Méc. Cél. vol. ii. p. 232. 291.), he has thrown an obscurity on the most important differences of the tides of different places, as Mr. Lubbock has pointed out.

scholarly journals Essay towards a first approximation to a map of cotidal lines

1837 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 188-190 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Water ◽  
The Earth ◽  
First Approximation ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
The World ◽  
Extensive Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Real Forms ◽  
General Explanation ◽  
Different Parts

The general explanation of the phenomena of the tides originally given by Newton, although assented to by all subsequent philosophers, has never been pursued in all the details of which its results are susceptible, so as to show its bearing on the more special and local phenomena, to connect the actual tides of all the different parts of the world, and to account for their varieties and seeming anomalies. The first scientific attempt that was made to compare the developed theory with any extensive range of observations, was that of Daniel Bernouilli in 1740: the subject has since been pursued by Laplace and Bouvard, and still more recently by Mr. Lubbock. But the comparison of contemporaneous tides has hitherto been unaccountably neglected: and to this particular branch of the subject the researches of the author are in this paper especially directed the principal object of his inquiry being to ascertain the position of what may be called cotidal lines , that is, lines drawn through all the adjacent parts of the ocean where it is high water at the same time; as, for instance, at a particular hour on a given day. These lines may be considered as representing the summit or ridge of the tide wave existing at that time, and which advances progressively along the sea, bringing high water to every place where it passes. Hence the cotidal lines for successive hours represent the successive positions of the summit of the tide wave, which in the open sea travels round the earth once in twenty-four hours, accompanied by another at twelve hours’ distance from it, and both sending branches into the narrower seas. Thus a map of cotidal lines may be constructed, at once exhibiting to the eye the manner and the velocity of all these motions. Although the observations on the periods of the tides at different places on the coast and different parts of the ocean, which have been at various times recorded, are exceedingly numerous, yet they are unfortunately for the most part too deficient in point of accuracy, or possess too little uniformity of connexion to afford very satisfactory results, or to admit of any extended comparison with theory. With a view to arrive at more correct conclusions, the author begins his inquiry by endeavouring to determine what may be expected to be the forms of the cotidal lines, as deduced from the laws which regulate the motions of water: and he proceeds afterwards to examine what are their real forms, as shown by the comparison of all the tide observations which we at present possess.

scholarly journals XLIV. Variation of the compass, as observed on board the Endeavour Bark, in a voyage round the World

1771 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 422-432 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
The World

The day of the month is noted according to the nautical account, which therefore in all observations noted P. M. is one day forwarder than the civil account. The latitude in is deduced from the last preceding meridian altitude of the Sun; and the longitude in is corrected by the last observations of the distances of the moon from the Sun and stars.

Things at the Edge of the World

2019 ◽  
pp. 105-120
Author(s):  
David Wood
Keyword(s):  
Nonhuman Animal ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Entire Domain ◽  
The World ◽  
Combined Operation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Stranger

This chapter describes things at the edge of the world as sites at which events of reversal and transformation take place. It looks at three examples of reversals: people's experience of the sun; the nonhuman animal; and that of the other human, which is divided into three—the sexual other, the stranger, and the enemy. In each case, a thing that begins as an object of experience becomes the site of an event of reversal and transformation in which not only the subject is implicated in an unexpected way but the world, or a part of it, is poised for restructuration and for the proliferation of new chains of possibility. The chapter then suggests that the entire domain marked by these events of reversal and transformation is generated by the combined operation of three different phenomena. These include (1) the primordial constitution of selfhood, (2) variable modes of identification with that self, and (3) the projection of modes of otherness consistent with one's manner of self-relatedness.

Flights of Imagination: Avicenna’s Phoenix (ʿAnqā) and Bedil’s Figuration for the Lyric Self

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-72
Author(s):  
Jane Mikkelson
Keyword(s):  
First Person ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Philosophical System ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
The World ◽  
The Phoenix

Abstract The phoenix (ʿanqā) appears in the philosophy of Avicenna (d.1037) as his example of a “vain intelligible,” a fictional being that exists in the soul, but not in the world. This remarkable bird is notable (along with the Earth, the moon, the sun, and God) for being a species of one. In this essay, I read the poetry Bedil of Delhi (d.1720) in conversation with the philosophical system of Avicenna, arguing that the phoenix in Bedil’s own philosophical system functions as a key figuration that allows him simultaneously to articulate rigorous impersonal systematic ideas and to document his individual first-personal experiences of those ideas. The phoenix also plays a metaliterary role, allowing Bedil to reflect on this way of doing philosophy in the first person—a method founded on the lyric enrichment of Avicennan rationalism. Paying attention to the adjacencies between poetry and philosophy in Bedil, this essay traces the phoenix’s transformations from a famous philosophical example into one of Bedil’s most striking figurations in his arguments about imagination, mind, and self.

Features of the next generation of proton accelerators

1964 ◽  
Vol 278 (1374) ◽  
pp. 439-451
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation ◽  
Fixed Frequency ◽  
The Road ◽  
The World ◽  
Natural Extensions ◽  
Similar Theme ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Accelerator Design ◽  
Different Parts

As an introduction to the subject of future accelerators, it will be useful to consider briefly the main points of discussion at the three international conferences on a similar theme held in 1956, 1959 and 1961. In 1956 there were several laboratories, in different parts of the world, engaged in building machines based on the latest important new principle in accelerator design, namely, alternating-gradient focusing. There was a feeling, however, that the end of the road had not yet been reached, and at the 1956 Conference the success of earlier innovations encouraged the accelerator physicists to present a number of new ideas. Some of them were rather natural extensions of known principles, as, for example, a machine of fixed frequency with alternating-gradient focusing (F. F. A. G. ; see Kerst et al. 1956). This was also the first conference at which there were serious suggestions for colliding-beam experiments (Kerst 1956). The ideas presented by the Russian physicists were much more spectacular; in particular the suggestion of Budker (1956) for setting up very large neutralized electron currents to provide guiding fields in the mega-gauss region.

Edward Johnson and the American Puritan Sense of History

Prospects ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Ormond Seavey
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The World

When Edward Johnson needed to express his deepest hopes about history, he found in the Bible an encoded emblem for the destiny of America. In the proclamation from Christ's herald that begins The Wonder-Working Providence of Sions Saviour in New England, he concludes with an urgent appeal to all believers:Pray, pray, pray, pray continually with the valiant worthy Joshua that the Sun may stand still in Gibeon, and the Moone in the vally of Aijalon, for assuredly although some small battailes may be fought against the enemies of Christ, yet the great day of their finall overthrow shall not come till the bright Sonne of that one cleare truth of Christ, stands still in the Gentile Churches, that those who fight the Lords Battells may plainly discerne his enemies in all places, where they finde them, as also such as will continue fighting must have the World kept low in their eyes, as the Moon in the valley of Aijalon.

scholarly journals XXXII. On the precession of the equinoxes produced by the sun's attraction

1779 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 505-526
Keyword(s):  
Uniform Density ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Different Parts

If the actions of the Sun and the Moon upon the different parts of the earth were equal; of if the earth itself were perfectly spherical, and of an uniform density from the center to the surface; in either case the attractions of those remote bodies would have no effect on the position of the terrestrial equator, and the equinoctial points would constantly be the same in the heavens.

The Eclipse

1925 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 298-299
Author(s):  
Frank J. McMackin
Keyword(s):  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
The World

On the morning of Saturday, January 24th, 1925, there occurred a spectacle in the Heavens which few men are fortunate enough to experience even once in a lifetime. I was one of the elect on this occasion. The world awoke that morning a stage perfectly set for the wonderful sight nature had arranged. The atmosphere was absolutely clear, no trace of a cloud was visible anywhere and the sun seemed to he unusually bright—flushed with excitement over the performance it and the moon were to enact that day.

Translating Newton's Principia : The Marquise du Châtelet's revisions and additions for a French audience

2001 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Zinsser
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Solutions ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Universal Gravitation ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World

In the 1740s, the Marquise du Châtelet translated Newton's Principia (1731, third edition) into French. Her's remains the standard translation. In addition, she wrote an extensive commentary in which she gave her own description of the System of the World , and analytical solutions to key disputed aspects of Newton's theory of universal gravitation. She also included summaries of two mathematical essays that clarified and confirmed Newton's application of his theory to observed phenomena: Aléxis–Claude Clairaut's on the shape of the Earth and Daniel Bernoulli's on the effects of the Sun and Moon on the tides.

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