scholarly journals Phylogenetic relationships of flaviviruses correlate with their epidemiology, disease association and biogeography

2001 ◽  
Vol 82 (8) ◽  
pp. 1867-1876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Gaunt ◽  
Amadou A. Sall ◽  
Xavier de Lamballerie ◽  
Andrew K. I. Falconar ◽  
Tatyana I. Dzhivanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Disease Association ◽  
Vertebrate Host ◽  
Envelope Gene ◽  
Old World ◽  
Neurotropic Viruses ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Disease Associations ◽  
Haemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Species Vector

Phylogenetic analysis of the Flavivirus genus, using either partial sequences of the non-structural 5 gene or the structural envelope gene, revealed an extensive series of clades defined by their epidemiology and disease associations. These phylogenies identified mosquito-borne, tick-borne and no-known-vector (NKV) virus clades, which could be further subdivided into clades defined by their principal vertebrate host. The mosquito-borne flaviviruses revealed two distinct epidemiological groups: (i) the neurotropic viruses, often associated with encephalitic disease in humans or livestock, correlated with the Culex species vector and bird reservoirs and (ii) the non-neurotropic viruses, associated with haemorrhagic disease in humans, correlated with the Aedes species vector and primate hosts. Thus, the tree topology describing the virus–host association may reflect differences in the feeding behaviour between Aedes and Culex mosquitoes. The tick-borne viruses also formed two distinct groups: one group associated with seabirds and the other, the tick-borne encephalitis complex viruses, associated primarily with rodents. The NKV flaviviruses formed three distinct groups: one group, which was closely related to the mosquito-borne viruses, associated with bats; a second group, which was more genetically distant, also associated with bats; and a third group associated with rodents. Each epidemiological group within the phylogenies revealed distinct geographical clusters in either the Old World or the New World, which for mosquito-borne viruses may reflect an Old World origin. The correlation between epidemiology, disease correlation and biogeography begins to define the complex evolutionary relationships between the virus, vector, vertebrate host and ecological niche.

EHAI: Enhanced Human Microbe-Disease Association Identification

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1078-1084
Author(s):  
Ruizhi Fan ◽  
Chenhua Dong ◽  
Hu Song ◽  
Yixin Xu ◽  
Linsen Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Complex Diseases ◽  
Disease Association ◽  
Computational Results ◽  
Computational Approaches ◽  
Disease Diagnostics ◽  
Disease Associations ◽  
Association Discovery ◽  
Biological Tool

: Recently, an increasing number of biological and clinical reports have demonstrated that imbalance of microbial community has the ability to play important roles among several complex diseases concerning human health. Having a good knowledge of discovering potential of microbe-disease relationships, which provides the ability to having a better understanding of some issues, including disease pathology, further boosts disease diagnostics and prognostics, has been taken into account. Nevertheless, a few computational approaches can meet the need of huge scale of microbe-disease association discovery. In this work, we proposed the EHAI model, which is Enhanced Human microbe- disease Association Identification. EHAI employed the microbe-disease associations, and then Gaussian interaction profile kernel similarity has been utilized to enhance the basic microbe-disease association. Actually, some known microbe-disease associations and a large amount of associations are still unavailable among the datasets. The ‘super-microbe’ and ‘super-disease’ were employed to enhance the model. Computational results demonstrated that such super-classes have the ability to be helpful to the performance of EHAI. Therefore, it is anticipated that EHAI can be treated as an important biological tool in this field.

scholarly journals Amerigo Vespucci's Contribution to the Modernization of Cartographic Representation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyula Pápay
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Old World ◽  
University Library ◽  
The City

AbstractIn 2019, the Rostock University Library acquired the report by Amerigo Vespucci (1454–1512) on transatlantic discoveries, which was published in 1505 by the city secretary Hermann Barckhusen (c 1460–1528/29) in Rostock under the title “Epistola Albericij. De novo mundo” [1505] and, unlike other editions, was published with a map. The special feature of the map is that it is the oldest map with a globular projection. Vespucci reported in a letter dated July 18, 1500 to Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici about his voyage 1499–1500, which is an important source for the fact that his longitude determinations contributed to the realization that the transatlantic discoveries were about a continent. The letter also contains evidence that Vespucci was the originator of the globular projection. This marked the beginning of a departure from ancient traditions regarding the projections for world maps. To enable the combined representation of the “old world” together with the “new world” in one map, Vespucci's projection was later modified into an oval map, which was used, for example, by Franzesco Rosselli, Sebastian Münster and Abraham Ortelius.

scholarly journals SINE Insertions in Cladistic Analyses and the Phylogenetic Affiliations of Tarsius bancanus to Other Primates

Genetics ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 157 (2) ◽  
pp. 777-784
Author(s):  
Jürgen Schmitz ◽  
Martina Ohme ◽  
Hans Zischler
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
World Monkey ◽  
Old World ◽  
Alu Elements ◽  
Alu Sequences ◽  
Short Interspersed Elements ◽  
Divergence Point ◽  
Tarsius Bancanus ◽  
Cladistic Analyses ◽  
The Common

Abstract Transpositions of Alu sequences, representing the most abundant primate short interspersed elements (SINE), were evaluated as molecular cladistic markers to analyze the phylogenetic affiliations among the primate infraorders. Altogether 118 human loci, containing intronic Alu elements, were PCR analyzed for the presence of Alu sequences at orthologous sites in each of two strepsirhine, New World and Old World monkey species, Tarsius bancanus, and a nonprimate outgroup. Fourteen size-polymorphic amplification patterns exhibited longer fragments for the anthropoids (New World and Old World monkeys) and T. bancanus whereas shorter fragments were detected for the strepsirhines and the outgroup. From these, subsequent sequence analyses revealed three Alu transpositions, which can be regarded as shared derived molecular characters linking tarsiers and anthropoid primates. Concerning the other loci, scenarios are represented in which different SINE transpositions occurred independently in the same intron on the lineages leading both to the common ancestor of anthropoids and to T. bancanus, albeit at different nucleotide positions. Our results demonstrate the efficiency and possible pitfalls of SINE transpositions used as molecular cladistic markers in tracing back a divergence point in primate evolution over 40 million years old. The three Alu insertions characterized underpin the monophyly of haplorhine primates (Anthropoidea and Tarsioidea) from a novel perspective.

Efficiency of whole‐exome sequencing in old world and new world primates using human capture reagents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannie Chan ◽  
Wen Yao ◽  
Timothy D. Howard ◽  
Gregory A. Hawkins ◽  
Michael Olivier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exome Sequencing ◽  
Whole Exome Sequencing ◽  
New World ◽  
New World Primates ◽  
Old World ◽  
Whole Exome

Developments in the Archaeology of Nuclear America, 1935-60

1961 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon R. Willey
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
New World ◽  
Ethnic Identification ◽  
Origins Of Agriculture ◽  
Old World ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Culture Process

AbstractArchaeological developments in the zone extending from Mesoamerica to the Andes are summarized in terms of the following topics: early man, the origins of agriculture, the interrelationships of the Nuclear American cultures, the ethnic identification of archaeological complexes, horizonal and tradition formulations, the place of Nuclear America in the hemisphere, relationships between the New World and the Old World, the rise of native American civilizations, and main trends since 1935. These trends include increasing chronological control, greater awareness of context, growing interest in culture process, and more clarity and precision in definitions.

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