Two novel marine Frontonia species, Frontonia mengi spec. nov. and Frontonia magna spec. nov. (Protozoa; Ciliophora), with notes on their phylogeny based on small-subunit rRNA gene sequence data

2011 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1476-1486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinpeng Fan ◽  
Xiangrui Chen ◽  
Weibo Song ◽  
Khaled A. S. Al-Rasheid ◽  
Alan Warren
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna Gene ◽  
Protozoa Ciliophora

The morphology and infraciliature of two novel marine ciliates, Frontonia mengi spec. nov. and Frontonia magna spec. nov., isolated from coastal waters in northern and southern China, respectively, were investigated using living observation and silver impregnation methods. Frontonia mengi spec. nov. is characterized by its slender body shape, with a length-to-width ratio of about 5 : 1, about 52 somatic kineties and the structure of its buccal apparatus. Frontonia magna spec. nov. can be recognized by the combination of huge body size, about 200 somatic kineties, five or six vestibular kineties and four-rowed peniculi 1–3. Phylogenetic trees based on small-subunit rRNA gene sequences were constructed by means of Bayesian inference and maximum-parsimony. Results showed that F. mengi and F. magna are sister to each other within the ‘core’ clade of Frontonia that also includes Frontonia lynni and Frontonia tchibisovae and that the genus Frontonia may be polyphyletic, because one species, Frontonia didieri, always groups with Paramecium and Apofrontonia.

scholarly journals Morphology, morphogenesis and molecular phylogeny of an oxytrichid ciliate, Rubrioxytricha haematoplasma (Blatterer & Foissner, 1990) Berger, 1999 (Ciliophora, Hypotricha)

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (Pt_1) ◽  
pp. 309-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenping Chen ◽  
Xumiao Chen ◽  
Lifang Li ◽  
Alan Warren ◽  
Xiaofeng Lin
Keyword(s):  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Staining Method ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequence ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna Gene ◽  
Single Mass ◽  
The Right

The morphology and morphogenesis of an oxytrichid ciliate, Rubrioxytricha haematoplasma (Blatterer & Foissner, 1990) Berger, 1999, collected from brackish and marine waters in China, were investigated using live observation and the protargol staining method. The main features of the morphogenetic process are: (i) the parental adoral zone of membranelles is retained completely in the proter and the anlage of undulating membranes originates from dedifferentiation of the old structures; (ii) three frontal, four frontoventral, one buccal, five ventral and five transverse cirri are derived from the anlagen of the undulating membranes and the five streaks of frontal-ventral-transverse anlagen in the pattern of 1 : 3 : 3 : 3 : 4 : 4 from left to right; (iii) the morphogenesis of the dorsal kineties is simpler than the Oxytricha pattern, i.e. without fragmentation of the dorsal kinety 3 anlagen; (iv) the single caudal cirrus originates from the dorsal kinety 3 anlage on the right side; (v) the two macronuclear nodules fuse into a single mass during the mid-stage of morphogenesis. These features correspond well with Rubrioxytricha indica, indicating that the morphogenetic pattern of Rubrioxytricha is stable. Phylogenetic analysis based on small-subunit rRNA gene sequence data supports the monophyly of the genus Rubrioxytricha, which is nested within the non-Stylonychinae clade.

Taxonomy, morphology and phylogeny of three new oligotrich ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora, Oligotrichia) from southern China

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (Pt_12) ◽  
pp. 4805-4817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiwei Liu ◽  
Zhenzhen Yi ◽  
Jiqiu Li ◽  
Alan Warren ◽  
Saleh A. Al-Farraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern China ◽  
Ventral Side ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Posterior Pole ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gene Trees ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Posterior Portion ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna Gene ◽  
Protozoa Ciliophora

Oligotrich ciliates are common members of marine microplankton. However, their biodiversity is not well documented. In this study, the morphology and phylogenetic positions of three new oligotrich species, Spirostrombidium apourceolare spec. nov., Spirostrombidium subtropicum spec. nov. and Parallelostrombidium conicum spec. nov., collected from coastal habitats of southern China, were investigated. Spirostrombidium apourceolare is characterized by the girdle kinety which encircles the cell twice as two dextrally oriented whorls with some undulations and by the presence of several macronuclear nodules. Spirostrombidium subtropicum is recognized by the girdle kinety encircling the cell as two dextrally oriented whorls and extrusomes arranged in a stripe along the girdle kinety. Parallelostrombidium conicum differs from its congeners by the obconic body shape and the posterior portion of the girdle kinety extending downwards on the left ventral side to reach the posterior pole. In small-subunit rRNA gene trees, S. subtropicum clusters with Omegastrombidium elegans and Varistrombidium kielum, and Parallelostrombidium conicum is sister to the clade containing Novistrombidium sinicum, Novistrombidium orientale and Parallelostrombidium sp.

Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic distinction of six genera of pathogenic scuticociliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) inferred from small-subunit rRNA gene sequences

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 246-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Gao ◽  
Michaela Strüder-Kypke ◽  
Zhenzhen Yi ◽  
Miao Miao ◽  
Saleh A. Al-Farraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna Gene ◽  
Close Phylogenetic Relationship ◽  
Unbiased Test ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Protozoa Ciliophora ◽  
Generic Relationships

Pathogenic scuticociliates, which are common in the haemolymph or tissues of maricultured animals and often cause serious diseases, are a species-rich assemblage with mostly unresolved systematic relationships, especially in some less-studied groups. In the present study, we sequenced the small-subunit rRNA gene of six species of scuticociliates, Uronemella parafilificum, Metanophrys sinensis, Parauronema longum, Cohnilembus verminus, Porpostoma notata and Ancistrum crassum, the last two of which have not been studied previously using molecular analyses. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using Bayesian inference, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony methods to assess the inter- and intra-generic relationships of scuticociliates. Results revealed the following: 1) Porpostoma did not cluster with the Philasteridae, Cohnilembidae or any other family of the order Philasterida; 2) sequences of Uronemella parafilificum and Uronemella filificum showed a difference of 1.02 % (15 nt sites), revealing a close relationship between them; 3) the approximately unbiased test rejected monophyly of both Metanophrys and Parauronema, indicating that the terminal position of the anterior end of the paroral membrane and the structure of membranelle 1 are unreliable characters for distinction of genera in this group of scuticociliates; 4) Ancistrum crassum grouped with Boveria subcylindrica, showing a close phylogenetic relationship between the orders Thigmotrichida and Pleuronematida; and 5) Parauronema longum, Cyclidium plouneouri and Cyclidium porcatum should be removed from their currently assigned genera.

Free-living nematodes associated with pine cones of Pinus thunbergii and P. taeda at Japanese coastal and inland forest sites

Nematology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yudai Kitagami ◽  
Natsumi Kanzaki ◽  
Toko Tanikawa ◽  
Yosuke Matsuda
Keyword(s):  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Pinus Thunbergii ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna Gene ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
High Bootstrap ◽  
Pine Cones

Summary We surveyed the distribution of nematodes in 56 cones of Pinus thunbergii collected from both live branches and on the forest floor in three coastal and inland habitats and in 11 cones of P. taeda collected at different heights. We identified 47 nematodes to family or genera by analysis of an 18S small subunit rRNA gene sequence. The frequencies of occurrence of free-living cone nematodes were 97% in coastal P. thunbergii, 92% in inland P. thunbergii, and 82% in P. taeda. Phylogenetic analysis assigned the nematodes to four clades with high bootstrap values. Nine sequences that were found only in cones on live branches were clustered with Panagrobelus stammeri and an unknown Panagrobelus sp. Our results imply that nematodes are commonly associated with cones in pine forest ecosystems and that a capacity for anhydrobiosis may be a key to surviving above-ground.

scholarly journals Parabirojimia multinucleata spec. nov. and Anteholosticha scutellum (Cohn, 1866) Berger, 2003, marine ciliates (Ciliophora, Hypotrichida) from tropical waters in southern China, with notes on their small-subunit rRNA gene sequences

2010 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 234-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangrui Chen ◽  
Shan Gao ◽  
Weibo Song ◽  
Khaled A. S. Al-Rasheid ◽  
Alan Warren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern China ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Cortical Granules ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna Gene ◽  
New Information ◽  
Modern Methods

Few studies using modern methods have been carried out on ciliated protozoa in tropical marine waters. In the present work, two hypotrichs, Parabirojimia multinucleata spec. nov. and Anteholosticha scutellum (Cohn, 1866) Berger, 2003, collected from Daya Bay in southern China, were investigated morphologically. P. multinucleata is distinguished by the following combination of characters: slender body, without a snout-like protrusion in the frontal field, and about 50 macronuclear nodules. The poorly known A. scutellum has never been investigated using modern methods; hence, a redescription is needed. During the present study, observations of specimens in vivo and following protargol impregnation revealed new information concerning structures such as the cortical granules and the infraciliature. A redescription and improved diagnosis are supplied based on the China population. The small-subunit (SSU) rRNA gene was sequenced for both organisms and comparisons with those of similar congeners clearly support the findings based on morphological studies.

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