scholarly journals Taxonomic resolution of Stylonychia notophora (Alveolata, Ciliophora, Hypotricha) sensu Sapra and Dass 1970 using an integrative approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 3939-3952
Author(s):  
Harpreet Kaur ◽  
Shashi ◽  
Alan Warren ◽  
Ram Krishan Negi ◽  
Komal Kamra
Keyword(s):  
18S Rdna ◽  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Taxonomic Resolution ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
18S Rdna Sequences ◽  
River Yamuna

The spirotrichean ciliate Stylonychia notophora has previously been recorded in India although the descriptions are lacking in detail. It has been suggested several times that the Indian population, S. notophora sensu Sapra and Dass, 1970 collected along the Delhi stretch of the River Yamuna, is identical to Tetmemena pustulata, but this has never been confirmed due to insufficient data for the former. The present study includes detailed descriptions (classical and molecular) of populations of Tetmemena isolated from six locations along the River Yamuna, India. These include four from the Delhi stretch including that from which Sapra and Dass, 1970 isolated their population of S. notophora. Due to the lack of a sufficiently detailed description, the taxonomic status of S. notophora sensu Sapra and Dass, 1970 was not clear. Comparisons among the populations isolated in the present study with previous descriptions of T. pustulata and S. notophora sensu Sapra and Dass, 1970 show only minor differences in morphometry, morphogenesis and in 18S rDNA sequences. The 18S rDNA sequences of all six populations had 99% similarity to both T. pustulata and S. notophora. These findings support the contention that S. notophora sensu Sapra and Dass, 1970 was misidentified and is a population of T. pustulata. This study supports the need for adopting an integrative approach based on morphological, morphogenetic and molecular data in order to understand species delimitation in ciliated protists.

Molecular data implicate bryozoans as hosts for PKX (Phylum Myxozoa) and identify a clade of bryozoan parasites within the Myxozoa

Parasitology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 555-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. ANDERSON ◽  
E. U. CANNING ◽  
B. OKAMURA
Keyword(s):  
18S Rdna ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Salmonid Fish ◽  
Abnormal Immune Response ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Pectinatella Magnifica ◽  
18S Rdna Sequences ◽  
Cristatella Mucedo ◽  
Distinct Taxon

Proliferative kidney disease (PKD), a condition associated with high mortality in salmonid fish, represents an abnormal immune response to the presence of an enigmatic myxozoan, which has been designated simply as PKX organism because its generic and specific status are obscure. Phylogenetic analyses of partial sequences of the 18S rDNA of PKX and of myxozoan parasites infecting the bryozoans Cristatella mucedo, Pectinatella magnifica and Plumatella rugosa, including the previously named Tetracapsula bryozoides from C. mucedo, showed that these taxa represent a distinct clade that diverged early in the evolution of the Myxozoa before the radiation of the other known myxozoan genera. A common feature of the myxozoans in this clade may be the electron-dense sporoplasmosomes with a lucent bar-like structure, which occur in T. bryozoides and PKX but not in the myxozoans belonging to the established orders Bivalvulida and Multivalvulida. Variation of 0·5–1·1% was found among the PKX 18S rDNA sequences obtained from fish from North America and Europe. The 18S rDNA sequence for T. bryozoides showed that it is a distinct taxon, not closely related to PKX but some sequences from myxozoans infecting 2 of the bryozoan species were so similar to those of PKX as to be indistinguishable. Other sequences from the new myxozoans in bryozoans at first appeared distinct from PKX in a maximum likelihood tree but, when analysed further, were also found to be phylogenetically indistinguishable from PKX. We propose that at least some variants of these new myxozoans from bryozoans are able to infect and multiply in salmonid fish, in which they stimulate the immune reaction and cause PKD but are unable to form mature spores to complete their development.

Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny of the Soil Ciliate Cyrtohymena seorakensis sp. n. (Ciliophora, Hypotricha, Oxytrichidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4758 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-572
Author(s):  
ATEF OMAR ◽  
JAE-HO JUNG
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
18S Rdna ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Cortical Granules ◽  
Moss Sample ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
18S Rdna Sequences ◽  
Soil Ciliate

The morphology and infraciliature of a new ciliate, Cyrtohymena seorakensis sp. n., discovered in a moss sample from South Korea, were investigated. The new species is distinguished from congeners by having rather fewer, randomly scattered, yellowish cortical granules, 23–30 adoral membranelles, invariably four transverse cirri in morphostatic specimens, and a total of 62 dorsal bristles on average. Phylogenetic analysis based on 18S rDNA sequences showed that the new species clusters with an Indian population of C. citrina. 

Morphological and molecular characterisation of Strongyloides ransomi (Nematoda: Strongyloididae) collected from domestic pigs in Bac Giang province, Vietnam

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Huong Giang ◽  
Tran Duc Hoan ◽  
Nguyen Thi Thu Huyen ◽  
Nguyen Thi Kim Lan ◽  
Pham Ngoc Doanh
Keyword(s):  
18S Rdna ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Molecular Characterisation ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Domestic Pigs ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
18S Rdna Sequences

The genus Strongyloides is a group of parasitic nematodes of vertebrates comprised of over 50 species. A large numbers of nucleotide sequences of Strongyloides species have been deposited in GenBank. The vast majority of them are of Strongyloides from human beings, non-human primates, rats and cattle, but there are few molecular data of Strongyloides species isolated from pigs. The aim of this study is to identify Strongyloides species collected from pigs from Bac Giang Province, Vietnam, and analyze their molecular phylogenetic relationship within the genus Strongyloides based on 18S rDNA sequences. The morphological and molecular analyses revealed that the Strongyloides samples collected from pigs from Bac Giang Province, Vietnam, were in fact S. ransomi. The 18S rDNA sequences of S. ransomi from Vietnam were completely identical with that from Cambodia, but slightly different (0.3%) from that of Japan. In comparison to other Strongyloides species, S. ransomi was genetically close to S. venezuelensis. Citation: Nguyen Thi Giang, Tran Duc Hoan, Nguyen Thi Thu Huyen, Nguyen Thi Kim Lan, Phạm Ngọc Doanh, 2017. Morphological and molecular characterisation of Strongyloides ransomi (Nematoda: Strongyloididae) collected from domestic pigs in Bac Giang province, Vietnam. Tap chi Sinh hoc, 39(3): 270- 275. DOI: 10.15625/0866-7160/v39n3.10796.*Corresponding author: [email protected] 18 May 2017, accepted 20 August 2017 

Phylogenetic relationships of the family Sphaeromatidae Latreille, 1825 (Crustacea: Peracarida: Isopoda) within Sphaeromatidea based on 18S-rDNA molecular data

Zootaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3599 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
REGINA WETZER ◽  
MARCOS PÉREZ-LOSADA ◽  
NIEL L. BRUCE
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
18S Rdna ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Sister Taxon ◽  
Taxon Sampling ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
18S Rdna Sequences

Based on 18S-rDNA sequences of 97 isopods including 18 Sphaeromatidea, we show Sphaeromatidae, Valvifera, Serolidae, and Ancinidae is a well supported clade. The within clade relationships of these taxa are not as definitively demonstrated because taxon sampling for some groups is still limited. In our analyses the Sphaeromatidae are shown to be unequivocally monophyletic. This is contrary to the morphology-based analysis by A. Brandt and G. Poore in 2003, which included only five Sphaeromatidae and found the family to be paraphyletic. The Ancinidae are also upheld, and the Valvifera is the sister taxon to Serolidae. Surprisingly Plakarthrium (Plakarthiidae) is nested within the Sphaeromatidae in most analyses. We point out short-comings in our sampling and suggest areas which would benefit from better sampling. We also review the long and convoluted nomenclatural history of the Sphaeromatidea, Sphaeromatoidea, and Sphaeromatidae.

Host specificity and basic ecology ofMammomonogamus(Nematoda, Syngamidae) from lowland gorillas and forest elephants in Central African Republic

Parasitology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 144 (8) ◽  
pp. 1016-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
BARBORA ČERVENÁ ◽  
PETER VALLO ◽  
BARBORA PAFČO ◽  
KATEŘINA JIRKŮ ◽  
MILOSLAV JIRKŮ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
18S Rdna ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Gorilla Gorilla ◽  
Gorilla Gorilla Gorilla ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
18S Rdna Sequences ◽  
Forest Elephants ◽  
Loxodonta Cyclotis ◽  
Lowland Gorillas

SUMMARYSyngamid strongylids of the genusMammomonogamusundoubtedly belong among the least known nematodes with apparent zoonotic potential and the real diversity of the genus remains hard to evaluate without extensive molecular data. Eggs ofMammomonogamussp. are frequently found in feces of African forest elephants (Loxodonta cyclotis) and western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in Dzanga-Sangha Protected Areas. Using sedimentation-based coproscopic techniques, we found the eggs ofMammomonogamusin 19·7% elephant and 54·1% gorilla fecal samples with 8–55 and 1–24 eggs per gram of fecal sediment for elephants and gorillas, respectively. We used a combination of light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and analysis of cytochromecoxidase subunit I (cox1) and a partial sequence of 18S rDNA isolated from single eggs to test the hypothesis of possibleMammomonogamusconspecificity in gorillas and elephants. Whereas 18S rDNA sequences were identical in both gorillas and elephants, we distinguished seven different haplotypes within thecox1. Two haplotypes were found in both gorillas and elephants suggesting sharing ofMammomonogamus.Assignment of the parasite toM. loxodontisis proposed. Provided sequences represent the first genomic data onMammomonogamusspp.

Redescription and synonymization of Oscheius citri Tabassum, Shahina, Nasira and Erum, 2016 (Rhabditida, Rhabditidae) from India and its taxonomical consequences

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rana ◽  
A.H. Bhat ◽  
A.K. Chaubey ◽  
V. Půža ◽  
J. Abolafia
Keyword(s):  
Indian Population ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Morphometric Characteristics ◽  
High Similarity ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Indian Strain ◽  
28S Rdna Sequences

Abstract A population of a nematode species belonging to the genus Oscheius was isolated in western Uttar Pradesh, India. Morphological and morphometrical studies on this species showed its high similarity with six species described previously from Pakistan (Oscheius citri, O. cobbi, O. cynodonti, O. esculentus, O. punctatus and O. sacchari). The molecular analysis of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA sequences of the Indian population and the six species described from Pakistan showed that all the sequences are almost identical. Thus, based on morphological and molecular characteristics, all of the six above-mentioned Pakistani species and Indian strain do not differ from each other, hence can be considered synonyms. The correct name for this taxon is the first described species O. citri. Additionally, the phylogenetic analysis of the 18S rDNA and the 28S rDNA sequences showed that Oscheius citri is sister to the clade formed by O. chongmingensis and O. rugaoensis from China. The high similarity of morphological and morphometric characteristics of O. citri and other species, O. maqbooli, O. nadarajani, O. niazii, O. shamimi and O. siddiqii, suggest their conspecificity; however, lack of molecular data for these species does not allow this hypothesis to be tested.

scholarly journals Phylogeny of the Thoracican Barnacles Based on 18S rDNA Sequences

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. James Harris ◽  
Laura S. Maxson ◽  
Lee F. Braithwaite ◽  
Keith A. Crandall
Keyword(s):  
18S Rdna ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
18S Rdna Sequences

Assessing the Biodiversity of Monoraphidium Using 18S rDNA Sequences

2002 ◽  
Vol 38 (s1) ◽  
pp. 9-9
Author(s):  
M. W. Fawley ◽  
K. P. Fawley ◽  
M. L. Dean
Keyword(s):  
18S Rdna ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
18S Rdna Sequences

scholarly journals Sarcocystis Attenuati N. Sp. (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae) Infecting the Asian Gray Shrew, Crocidura Attenuata (Insectivora: Soricidae), in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
junjie hu ◽  
Jun Sun ◽  
Yanmei Guo ◽  
Hongxia Zeng ◽  
Yunzhi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
Definitive Host ◽  
18S Rdna ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Parasite Life Cycle ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
18S Rdna Sequences

Abstract Background: There are limited data on Sarcocystis in insectivores. The Asian gray shrew, Crocidura attenuata, is one of the most common species of insectivores in the family Soricidae distributed in South Asia and Southeast Asia. To date, Sarcocystis has never been recorded in this host.Methods: Tissues from 42 Asian gray shrews were collected in China in 2017 and 2018. Sarcocysts were observed using light (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). To complete the parasite life cycle, muscle tissues of the host infected with sarcocysts were force-fed to two beauty rat snakes, Elaphe taeniura. Individual sarcocysts from different Asian gray shrews and oocysts/sporocysts isolated from the small intestines and feces of the experimental snakes were selected for DNA extraction, and seven genetic markers, including two nuclear loci (18S rDNA and ITS1), three mitochondrial genes (cox1, cox3 and cytb), and two apicoplastic genes (rpoB and clpC), were amplified, sequenced and analyzed.Results: Sarcocysts were found in 17 of 42 (40.5%) Asian gray shrews. Under LM, the microscopic sarcocysts were exhibited saw-tooth-like protrusions measuring 3.3–4.5 μm. Ultrastructurally, the sarcocyst wall contained numerous lancet- or leaf-like villous protrusions, similar to type 9h. The experimental beauty rat snakes shed oocysts/sporcysts measuring 11.9–16.7 × 9.2–10.6 μm with a prepatent period of 10 to 11 days. Comparing these sequences with those previously deposited in GenBank revealed that the 18S rDNA sequences and cox1 sequences shared the highest similarity with those of S. scandentiborneensis recorded in tree shrews, Tuaia minor and T. tana (i.e., 97.6–98.3% and 100% identity, respectively). Phylogenetic analysis based on 18S rDNA, ITS1 or cox1 sequences revealed that this parasite formed an independent clade with Sarcocystis spp. that utilize small animals as intermediate hosts and snakes as the known or presumed definitive host. On the basis of morphological and molecular characteristics and host specificity, the parasite was proposed as a new species, named S. attenuati.Conclusions: Sarcocysts were recorded in Asian gray shrews for the first time. The sarcocysts were characterized morphologically and molecularly. The 18S rDNA and cox1 sequences of S. attenuati, named in the present study, shared the highest identities with those of S. scandentiborneensis. However, the sarcocysts of the two species of Sarcocystis were quite different under LM and TEM. Based on experimental infection, beauty rat snakes have been proven to be a definitive host of S. attenuati. As more species of Sarcocystis from insectivores and other small mammals are properly morphologically and molecularly characterized, we may gain a better understanding of the biodiversity, host specificity and evolution of Sarcocystis in the future.

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