The smallest known heliozoans are the Erebor lineage (nom. clad. n.) inside Microheliella maris (Eukaryota, Diaphoretickes), with the amendation of M. maris diagnosis and description of Berkeleyaesol magnus gen. nov., comb. nov. (Eukaryota, incertae sedis)

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yegor Shishkin ◽  
Daria Drachko ◽  
Vasily V. Zlatogursky
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ssu Rrna ◽  
Morphometric Data ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Cell Body Size

A new strain of planktonic heliozoans (ZI172) belonging to the genus Microheliella (the sister group of Cryptista in Diaphoretickes), closely related to the only one known strain of Microheliella maris (CCAP 1945/1), was studied with light microscopy and SSU rRNA gene sequencing. Morphometric data obtained from 127 cells and based on 254 measurements showed that this strain represents the smallest heliozoan (1.66–3.42 µm, av. 2.56 µm) in diameter known to date and one of the smallest free-living eukaryotes. We also did morphometry for strain CCAP 1945/1. Its cell body size is 3.20–6.47 µm (av. 4.15 µm; n=141; m=282). The secondary structures of hairpin 15 of the SSU rRNA molecules were reconstructed for ZI172 and CCAP 1945/1 and they were compared The possible biochemical explanation for the smaller size of the ZI172 strain, which is smaller than the CCAP 1945/1 strain, is discussed, including all published electron micrographs of CCAP 1945/1. The necessary taxonomic work is also carried out. The diagnosis of Microheliella maris is amended and the new infraspecific clade Erebor is described to include ZI172. The measurements and systematics of the enigmatic heliozoan ‘Raphidiophrys’ magna O’Donoghue 1922 (non 1921; the biggest known heliozoan) are also discussed and it is transferred to the new genus Berkeleyaesol.

Clypifer cribrifer gen. nov., sp. nov. (Clypiferidae fam. nov., Pterocystida, Centroplasthelida), with notes on evolution of centrohelid siliceous coverings

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yegor Shishkin ◽  
Daria Drachko ◽  
Vasily V. Zlatogursky
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
Gulf Of Aqaba ◽  
Cell Diameter ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ssu Rrna ◽  
New Family ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

A new family, genus and species of centrohelid heliozoans, Clypifer cribrifer gen. nov., sp. nov. (Clypiferidae fam. nov.), from the Gulf of Aqaba (Israel) was studied with light and electron microscopy and SSU rRNA gene sequencing. Clypifer cribrifer has only one type of scales, partially running up the sides of the axopodia. Plate scales [0.8–2.3 (av. 1.5)×0.6–1.8 (av. 1.2) μm] are flat, elliptical or circular, fenestrated with holes of irregular shape and have a marginal rim and a very short axial rib. The cell diameter is 3.9–9.6 (av. 6.0) μm. Molecular phylogenetic analysis robustly places C. cribrifer in the C4 clade for which the new family Clypiferidae is proposed here. This position is confirmed with the short sequences in the panacanthocystid increased regions. The morphology of the new genus has similarities to the genus Raphidocystis. The probability that another Clypifer species was described under a different name in the centrohelid literature is discussed. Clypiferidae represent the second lineage of Pterocystida, which are characterized by the presence of only tangentially oriented plate scales of one type. Possible ways of evolution of the centrohelid siliceous coverings are also discussed.

scholarly journals Genotype characterisation of Giardia duodenalis isolates from domestic and farm animals by SSU-rRNA gene sequencing

2004 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Berrilli ◽  
David Di Cave ◽  
Claudio De Liberato ◽  
Alessia Franco ◽  
Paola Scaramozzino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ssu Rrna ◽  
Ssu Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

scholarly journals Fulvivirga kasyanovii gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the phylum Bacteroidetes isolated from seawater in a mussel farm

2007 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 1046-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga I. Nedashkovskaya ◽  
Seung Bum Kim ◽  
Dong Sung Shin ◽  
Irina A. Beleneva ◽  
Valery V. Mikhailov
Keyword(s):  
Marine Bacterium ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Strictly Aerobic ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Taxonomic Approach ◽  
Type Strains

A novel, strictly aerobic, heterotrophic, gliding, Gram-negative, oxidase-, catalase-, β-galactosidase- and alkaline phosphatase-positive marine bacterium, designated strain KMM 6220T, was isolated from seawater and studied by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The DNA G+C content of strain KMM 6220T was 59.9 mol%. The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 1, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 3-OH, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and C16 : 1 ω7/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that strain KMM 6220T formed a cluster with the misclassified strains [Flexibacter] aggregans NBRC 15974 and [Flexibacter] tractuosus NBRC 16035 and with the type strains of Reichenbachiella agariperforans and Roseivirga ehrenbergii with levels of similarity of 95.9, 94.4, 92.0 and 91.8 %, respectively. On the basis of its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, genotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain KMM 6220T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus in the phylum Bacteroidetes, for which the name Fulvivirga kasyanovii gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is KMM 6220T (=CCTCC AB 206119T=KCTC 12832T).

scholarly journals Symbiotic Burkholderia Species Show Diverse Arrangements of nif/fix and nod Genes and Lack Typical High-Affinity Cytochrome cbb3 Oxidase Genes

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 609-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofie E. De Meyer ◽  
Leah Briscoe ◽  
Pilar Martínez-Hidalgo ◽  
Christina M. Agapakis ◽  
Paulina Estrada de-los Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Nod Genes ◽  
Electron Transport Chains ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Fix Genes

Genome analysis of fourteen mimosoid and four papilionoid beta-rhizobia together with fourteen reference alpha-rhizobia for both nodulation (nod) and nitrogen-fixing (nif/fix) genes has shown phylogenetic congruence between 16S rRNA/MLSA (combined 16S rRNA gene sequencing and multilocus sequence analysis) and nif/fix genes, indicating a free-living diazotrophic ancestry of the beta-rhizobia. However, deeper genomic analysis revealed a complex symbiosis acquisition history in the beta-rhizobia that clearly separates the mimosoid and papilionoid nodulating groups. Mimosoid-nodulating beta-rhizobia have nod genes tightly clustered in the nodBCIJHASU operon, whereas papilionoid-nodulating Burkholderia have nodUSDABC and nodIJ genes, although their arrangement is not canonical because the nod genes are subdivided by the insertion of nif and other genes. Furthermore, the papilionoid Burkholderia spp. contain duplications of several nod and nif genes. The Burkholderia nifHDKEN and fixABC genes are very closely related to those found in free-living diazotrophs. In contrast, nifA is highly divergent between both groups, but the papilionoid species nifA is more similar to alpha-rhizobia nifA than to other groups. Surprisingly, for all Burkholderia, the fixNOQP and fixGHIS genes required for cbb3 cytochrome oxidase production and assembly are missing. In contrast, symbiotic Cupriavidus strains have fixNOQPGHIS genes, revealing a divergence in the evolution of two distinct electron transport chains required for nitrogen fixation within the beta-rhizobia.

scholarly journals Lachnoanaerobaculum gen. nov., a new genus in the Lachnospiraceae : characterization of Lachnoanaerobaculum umeaense gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from the human small intestine, and Lachnoanaerobaculum orale sp. nov., isolated from saliva, and reclassification of Eubacterium saburreum (Prévot 1966) Holdeman and Moore 1970 as Lachnoanaerobaculum saburreum comb. nov.

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (Pt_11) ◽  
pp. 2685-2690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria E. Hedberg ◽  
Edward R. B. Moore ◽  
Liselott Svensson-Stadler ◽  
Per Hörstedt ◽  
Vladimir Baranov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type Strain ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
The Family ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Two novel obligately anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, saccharolytic and non-proteolytic spore-forming bacilli (strains CD3 : 22T and N1T) are described. Strain CD3 : 22T was isolated from a biopsy of the small intestine of a child with coeliac disease, and strain N1T from the saliva of a healthy young man. The cells of both strains were observed to be filamentous, approximately 5 to >20 µm long, some of them curving and with swellings. The novel organisms produced H2S, NH3, butyric acid and acetic acid as major metabolic end products. Phylogenetic analyses, based on comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing, revealed close relationships (98 % sequence similarity) between the two isolates, as well as the type strain of Eubacterium saburreum and four other Lachnospiraceae bacterium-/ E. saburreum -like organisms. This group of bacteria were clearly different from any of the 19 known genera in the family Lachnospiraceae . While Eubacterium species are reported to be non-spore-forming, reanalysis of E. saburreum CCUG 28089T confirmed that the bacterium is indeed able to form spores. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, phenotypic and biochemical properties, strains CD3 : 22T and N1T represent novel species of a new and distinct genus, named Lachnoanaerobaculum gen. nov., in the family Lachnospiraceae [within the order Clostridiales , class Clostridia , phylum Firmicutes ]. Strain CD3 : 22T ( = CCUG 58757T  = DSM 23576T) is the type strain of the type species, Lachnoanaerobaculum umeaense gen. nov., sp. nov., of the proposed new genus. Strain N1T ( = CCUG 60305T = DSM 24553T) is the type strain of Lachnoanaerobaculum orale sp. nov. Moreover, Eubacterium saburreum is reclassified as Lachnoanaerobaculum saburreum comb. nov. (type strain CCUG 28089T  = ATCC 33271T  = CIP 105341T  = DSM 3986T  = JCM 11021T  = VPI 11763T).

scholarly journals Full-Length SSU rRNA Gene Sequencing Allows Species-Level Detection of Bacteria, Archaea, and Yeasts Present in Milk

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1251
Author(s):  
Isabel Abellan-Schneyder ◽  
Annemarie Siebert ◽  
Katharina Hofmann ◽  
Mareike Wenning ◽  
Klaus Neuhaus
Keyword(s):  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ssu Rrna ◽  
Ssu Rrna Gene ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Full-length SSU rRNA gene sequencing allows species-level identification of the microorganisms present in milk samples. Here, we used bulk-tank raw milk samples of two German dairies and detected, using this method, a great diversity of bacteria, archaea, and yeasts within the samples. Moreover, the species-level classification was improved in comparison to short amplicon sequencing. Therefore, we anticipate that this approach might be useful for the detection of possible mastitis-causing species, as well as for the control of spoilage-associated microorganisms. In a proof of concept, we showed that we were able to identify several putative mastitis-causing or mastitis-associated species such as Streptococcusuberis, Streptococcusagalactiae, Streptococcusdysgalactiae, Escherichiacoli and Staphylococcusaureus, as well as several Candida species. Overall, the presented full-length approach for the sequencing of SSU rRNA is easy to conduct, able to be standardized, and allows the screening of microorganisms in labs with Illumina sequencing machines.

Screening and Molecular Characterization of Cellulase Producing Actinobacteria from Litchi Orchard

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-101
Author(s):  
Sanju Kumari ◽  
Utkarshini Sharma ◽  
Rohit Krishna ◽  
Kanak Sinha ◽  
Santosh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Background: Cellulolysis is of considerable economic importance in laundry detergents, textile and pulp and paper industries and in fermentation of biomass into biofuels. Objective: The aim was to screen cellulase producing actinobacteria from the fruit orchard because of its requirement in several chemical reactions. Methods: Strains of actinobacteria were isolated on Sabouraud’s agar medium. Similarities in cultural and biochemical characterization by growing the strains on ISP medium and dissimilarities among them perpetuated to recognise nine groups of actinobacteria. Cellulase activity was measured by the diameter of clear zone around colonies on CMC agar and the amount of reducing sugar liberated from carboxymethyl cellulose in the supernatant of the CMC broth. Further, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and molecular characterization were placed before NCBI for obtaining recognition with accession numbers. Results: Prominent clear zones on spraying Congo Red were found around the cultures of strains of three groups SK703, SK706, SK708 on CMC agar plates. The enzyme assay for carboxymethylcellulase displayed extra cellulase activity in broth: 0.14, 0.82 and 0.66 µmol mL-1 min-1, respectively at optimum conditions of 35°C, pH 7.3 and 96 h of incubation. However, the specific cellulase activities per 1 mg of protein did not differ that way. It was 1.55, 1.71 and 1.83 μmol mL-1 min-1. The growing mycelia possessed short compact chains of 10-20 conidia on aerial branches. These morphological and biochemical characteristics, followed by their verification by Bergey’s Manual, categorically allowed the strains to be placed under actinobacteria. Further, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, molecular characterization and their evolutionary relationship through phylogenetics also confirmed the putative cellulase producing isolates of SK706 and SK708 subgroups to be the strains of Streptomyces. These strains on getting NCBI recognition were christened as Streptomyces glaucescens strain SK91L (KF527284) and Streptomyces rochei strain SK78L (KF515951), respectively. Conclusion: Conclusive evidence on the basis of different parameters established the presence of cellulase producing actinobacteria in the litchi orchard which can convert cellulose into fermentable sugar.

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