scholarly journals Cross-species infection of pigs with a novel rabbit, but not rat, strain of hepatitis E virus isolated in the United States

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 1687-1695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin M. Cossaboom ◽  
Laura Córdoba ◽  
Brenton J. Sanford ◽  
Pablo Piñeyro ◽  
Scott P. Kenney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Capsid Protein ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
The United States ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Virus Shedding ◽  
Rat Strain ◽  
Low Levels

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an important human pathogen. In addition to humans, HEV has also been identified in pig, chicken, mongoose, deer, rat, rabbit and fish. There are four recognized and two putative genotypes of mammalian HEV. Genotypes 1 and 2 are restricted to humans, while genotypes 3 and 4 are zoonotic. The recently identified rabbit HEV is a distant member of genotype 3. Here, we first expressed and purified the recombinant capsid protein of rabbit HEV and showed that the capsid protein of rabbit HEV cross-reacted with antibodies raised against avian, rat, swine and human HEV. Conversely, we showed that antibodies against rabbit HEV cross-reacted with capsid proteins derived from chicken, rat, swine and human HEV. Since pigs are the natural host of genotype 3 HEV, we then determined if rabbit HEV infects pigs. Twenty pigs were divided into five groups of four each and intravenously inoculated with PBS, US rabbit HEV, Chinese rabbit HEV, US rat HEV and swine HEV, respectively. Results showed that only half of the pigs inoculated with rabbit HEV had low levels of viraemia and faecal virus shedding, indicative of active but not robust HEV infection. Infection of pigs by rabbit HEV was further verified by transmission of the virus recovered from pig faeces to naïve rabbits. Pigs inoculated with rat HEV showed no evidence of infection. Preliminary results suggest that rabbit HEV is antigenically related to other HEV strains and infects pigs and that rat HEV failed to infect pigs.

Hepatitis E Virus Infection in an Immigrant to the United States

1996 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 994-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID L. SMALLEY ◽  
SUSAN C. BREWER ◽  
GEORGE J. DAWSON ◽  
CHARLES KYRK ◽  
BRADFORD WATERS
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
The United States

scholarly journals Hepatitis E virus genotype 3 and capsid protein in the blood and urine of immunocompromised patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Marion ◽  
Nicolas Capelli ◽  
Sebastien Lhomme ◽  
Martine Dubois ◽  
Mélanie Pucelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capsid Protein ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Virus Genotype

scholarly journals 290. Hepatitis E Virus Serostatus: A Retrospective Assessment of Demographics and Comorbidities to Assess High-risk Populations

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S158-S158
Author(s):  
Eric C Stone ◽  
Zerelda Esquer Garrigos ◽  
Muhammad R Sohail ◽  
Raymund R Razonable ◽  
John C O’Horo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Positive Serology ◽  
Serologic Testing ◽  
One Year

Abstract Background Demographic and epidemiologic characteristics of Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infected patients in the United States are not well-described. HEV infection may result in severe complications and lead to chronic infection and cirrhosis, especially in immunocompromised patients. There are no widely accepted guidelines for HEV screening and testing in the United States. Identifying traits of known seropositive patients and comorbidities may inform better screening and prevention strategies. In this study, we describe rates of liver disease, transplant status, chronic kidney diseases, and diabetes mellitus among patients serologically tested for HEV at our institution. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all patients for whom HEV IgM or IgG serologic testing was performed across the Mayo Clinic enterprise using the Advanced Cohort Explorer tool. For patients with any documented HEV serologic test, we abstracted baseline patient characteristics and underlying comorbidities at the time of testing. We then grouped subjects according to serologic testing results by antibody type. Survival at one year from date of testing was also assessed. Results A total of 979 unique subjects were identified. The preponderance of subjects was Caucasian (781, 79.8%). Of subjects tested for HEV with serology, 123 (12.6%) had any positive serology. Breakdown of baseline characteristics and selected comorbidities are summarized in Table 1. The largest proportion of subjects, 458 (46.8%), were both IgG and IgM negative and 432 subjects received only IgM or IgG testing. Liver disease was more prevalent in patients with positive vs. negative testing (5.8% vs. 2.1%) as was higher age (average 55.1 years vs. 52.2). One-year survival was similar in all groups. Conclusion HEV serology is not commonly tested. Among those tested, seropositivity is uncommon. Our data show higher HEV seropositivity in older adults, which may represent increase risk of exposure over time. Higher percentage of positive testing was also observed in subjects with liver disease, which may indicate a possible etiologic association. Further population-based studies are needed to estimate prevalence of HEV infection and associated liver disease, outcomes in infected patients, and indications for testing in at-risk populations. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Evidence for widespread infection of wild rats with hepatitis E virus in the United States.

1999 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Kabrane-Lazizi ◽  
G E Glass ◽  
H Higa ◽  
A Diwan ◽  
C J Gibbs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wild Rats

scholarly journals Prevalence of Antibody to Hepatitis E Virus among Rodents in the United States

2000 ◽  
Vol 181 (2) ◽  
pp. 449-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael O. Favorov ◽  
Michael Y. Kosoy ◽  
Sergei A. Tsarev ◽  
James E. Childs ◽  
Harold S. Margolis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
The United States

scholarly journals Decline in Hepatitis E Virus Antibody Prevalence in the United States From 1988–1994 to 2009–2010

2014 ◽  
Vol 211 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eyasu H. Teshale ◽  
Maxine M. Denniston ◽  
Jan Drobeniuc ◽  
Saleem Kamili ◽  
Chong-Gee Teo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
The United States ◽  
Virus Antibody ◽  
Antibody Prevalence

scholarly journals Current epidemiology of hepatitis E virus infection in the United States: Low seroprevalence in the National Health and Nutrition Evaluation Survey

Hepatology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 815-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivo Ditah ◽  
Fausta Ditah ◽  
Pardha Devaki ◽  
Calistus Ditah ◽  
Patrick S. Kamath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
National Health ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Evaluation Survey

scholarly journals Hepatitis E virus (HEV) in Scotland: evidence of recent increase in viral circulation in humans

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrina Thom ◽  
Pamela Gilhooly ◽  
Karen McGowan ◽  
Kristen Malloy ◽  
Lisa M Jarvis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donor ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Low Threshold ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Clade 1 ◽  
Liver Transplant Recipients

Background Previous studies showed low levels of circulating hepatitis E virus (HEV) in Scotland. We aimed to reassess current Scottish HEV epidemiology. Methods: Blood donor samples from five Scottish blood centres, the minipools for routine HEV screening and liver transplant recipients were tested for HEV antibodies and RNA to determine seroprevalence and viraemia. Blood donor data were compared with results from previous studies covering 2004–08. Notified laboratory-confirmed hepatitis E cases (2009-16) were extracted from national surveillance data. Viraemic samples from blood donors (2016) and chronic hepatitis E transplant patients (2014–16) were sequenced. Results: Anti-HEV IgG seroprevalence varied geographically and was highest in Edinburgh where it increased from 4.5% in 2004–08) to 9.3% in 2014–15 (p = 0.001). It was most marked in donors < 35 years. HEV RNA was found in 1:2,481 donors, compared with 1:14,520 in 2011. Notified laboratory-confirmed cases increased by a factor of 15 between 2011 and 2016, from 13 to 206. In 2011–13, 1 of 329 transplant recipients tested positive for acute HEV, compared with six cases of chronic infection during 2014–16. Of 10 sequenced viraemic donors eight and all six patients were infected with genotype 3 clade 1 virus, common in European pigs. Conclusions: The seroprevalence, number of viraemic donors and numbers of notified laboratory-confirmed cases of HEV in Scotland have all recently increased. The causes of this change are unknown, but need further investigation. Clinicians in Scotland, particularly those caring for immunocompromised patients, should have a low threshold for testing for HEV.

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