scholarly journals Determination of the Sampler Type and Rainfall Effect on the Deposition Fluxes of the Polychlorinated Biphenyls

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Askin Birgül ◽  
Yücel Tasdemir
Keyword(s):  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Bulk Deposition ◽  
Atmospheric Concentration ◽  
Deposition Fluxes ◽  
Measured Flux ◽  
Deposition Velocities ◽  
Average Flux

Atmospheric concentration and deposition samples were collected between June 2008 and June 2009 in an urban sampling site Yavuzselim, Turkey. Eighty-three polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners were targeted in the collected samples. It was found that 90% of the total PCB concentration was in the gas phase. Deposition samples were collected by a wet-dry deposition sampler (WDDS) and a bulk deposition sampler (BDS). Average total deposition fluxes measured with the BDS in dry periods was5500±2400 pg/(m2day); average dry deposition fluxes measured by the WDDS in the same period were6400±3300 pg/(m2day). The results indicated that the sampler type affected the measured flux values. Bulk deposition samples were also collected in rainy periods by using the BDS and the average flux value was8700±3100 pg/(m2day). The measured flux values were lower than the values reported for the urban and industrial areas. Dry deposition velocities for the WDDS and BDS samples were calculated0.48±0.35 cm/s and0.13±0.15 cm/s, respectively.

VERTICAL CONCENTRATION PROFILES OF FINE AND COARSE AEROSOL PARTICLES OVER A SUBURBAN SAMPLING SITE NEAR BUDAPEST, HUNGARY

1992 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 179-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. AMEMIYA ◽  
T. KATOH ◽  
I. BORBÉLY-KISS ◽  
E. KOLTAY ◽  
GY. SZABÓ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosol ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Enrichment Factors ◽  
Concentration Profiles ◽  
Height Distribution ◽  
Deposition Velocities ◽  
Coarse Aerosol ◽  
Pixe Method

Samples of atmospheric aerosol particles collected at various height over a suburban sampling site were analyzed with respect to 13 elements by PIXE method. Concentrations, enrichment factors, and fine-to-coarse concentration ratios of the fractions were obtained by averaging over height distribution. In one of the sampling experiments dry-deposition velocities were deduced for seven elements from the height distribution.

Sulfate dry deposition fluxes and overall deposition velocities measured with a surrogate surface

2002 ◽  
Vol 297 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Odabasi ◽  
H. Ozgur Bagiroz
Keyword(s):  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Deposition Fluxes ◽  
Surrogate Surface ◽  
Deposition Velocities

Dry deposition fluxes and deposition velocities of PAHs at an urban site in Turkey

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1288-1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yücel Tasdemir ◽  
Fatma Esen
Keyword(s):  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Urban Site ◽  
Deposition Fluxes ◽  
Deposition Velocities

scholarly journals New Methodology Shows Short Atmospheric Lifetimes of Oxidized Sulfur and Nitrogen due to Dry Deposition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Hayden ◽  
Shao-Meng Li ◽  
Paul Makar ◽  
John Liggio ◽  
Samar G. Moussa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Deposition Velocity ◽  
Monte Carlo Analysis ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Transport Models ◽  
Deposition Fluxes ◽  
Deposition Velocities ◽  
Model Algorithm

Abstract. The atmospheric lifetimes of pollutants determine their impacts on human health, ecosystems and climate and yet pollutant lifetimes due to dry deposition over large regions have not been determined from measurements. Here, a new methodology based on aircraft observations is used to determine the lifetimes of oxidized sulfur and nitrogen due to dry deposition over (3–6) × 103 km2 of boreal forest in Canada. Dry deposition fluxes decreased exponentially with distance, resulting in lifetimes of 2.2–26 hours. Fluxes were 2–14 and 1–18 times higher than model estimates for oxidized sulfur and nitrogen, respectively, indicating dry deposition velocities which were 1.2–5.4 times higher than those computed for models. A Monte-Carlo analysis with five commonly used inferential dry deposition algorithms indicates that such model underestimates of dry deposition velocity are typical. These findings indicate that deposition to vegetation surfaces are likely under-estimated in regional and global chemical transport models regardless of the model algorithm used. The model-observation gaps may be reduced if surface pH, and quasi-laminar and aerodynamic resistances in algorithms are optimized as shown in the Monte-Carlo analysis. Assessing the air quality and climate impacts of atmospheric pollutants on regional and global scales requires improved measurement-based understanding of atmospheric lifetimes of these pollutants.

scholarly journals Dry deposition of nitrogen compounds (NO<sub>2</sub>, HNO<sub>3</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>), sulfur dioxide and ozone in West and Central African ecosystems using the inferential method

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 11689-11744 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Adon ◽  
C. Galy-Lacaux ◽  
V. Yoboue ◽  
C. Delon ◽  
F. Solmon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Deposition Flux ◽  
Deposition Fluxes ◽  
Deposition Velocities ◽  
Latitudinal Transect ◽  
Inferential Method ◽  
Surface Measurements ◽  
Remote Sites ◽  
Big Leaf Model

Abstract. This work is part of the IDAF program (IGAC-DEBITS-AFRICA) and is based on the long term monitoring of gas concentrations (1998–2007) established on seven remote sites representative of major African ecosystems. Dry deposition fluxes were estimated by the inferential method using on one hand surface measurements of gas concentrations (NO2, HNO3, NH3, SO2, and O3) and on the other hand simulated dry deposition velocities (Vd). Vd were calculated using the big-leaf model of Zhang et al. (2003b). In the model of deposition, surface and meteorological conditions specific to IDAF sites have been adapted in order to simulate Vd representative of major African ecosystems. The monthly, seasonal and annual mean variations of gaseous dry deposition fluxes (NO2, HNO3, NH3, O3, and SO2) are analyzed. Along the latitudinal transect of ecosystems, the annual mean dry deposition fluxes of nitrogen compounds range from 0.4 ± 0.0 to 0.8 ± 0.2 kg N ha−1 yr−1 for NO2, from 0.7 ± 0.1 to 1.0 ± 0.3 kg N ha−1 yr−1 for HNO3, and from 2.3 ± 0.8 to 10.5 ± 5.0 kg N ha−1 yr−1 for NH3 over the study period (1998–2007). The total nitrogen dry deposition flux (NO2+HNO3+NH3) is more important in forests (11.2–11.8 kg N ha−1 yr−1) than in wet and dry savannas (3.4–5.3 kg N ha−1 yr−1). NH3 dominated nitrogen dry deposition, representing 67–80% of the total. The annual mean dry deposition fluxes of ozone range between 11.3 ± 4.7 and 17.5 ± 3.0 kg ha−1 yr−1 in dry savannas, 17.5 ± 3.0 and 19.2 ± 2.9 kg ha−1 yr−1 in wet savannas, and 10.6 ± 2.0 and 13.2 ± 3.6 kg ha−1 yr−1 in forests. Lowest O3 dry deposition fluxes in forests are correlated to low measured O3 concentrations, lower of a factor of 2–3, compared to others ecosystems. Along the ecosystem transect, annual mean of SO2 dry deposition fluxes present low values and a small variability (0.5 to 1 kg S ha−1 yr−1). No specific trend in the interannual variability of these gaseous dry deposition fluxes is observed over the study period.

scholarly journals Dry deposition fluxes and deposition velocities of seven trace metal species at five sites in central Taiwan – a summary of surrogate surface measurements and a comparison with model estimations

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 3405-3417 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Zhang ◽  
G. C. Fang ◽  
C. K. Liu ◽  
Y. L. Huang ◽  
J. H. Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Deposition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Metal Species ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Deposition Fluxes ◽  
Deposition Model ◽  
Deposition Velocities ◽  
Flux Measurements ◽  
Dry Deposition Model ◽  
Central Taiwan

Abstract. Daily air concentrations and dry deposition fluxes of seven metal species were monitored at five sites in central Taiwan for five or six days every month from September 2009 to August 2010. Annual average concentrations at the five sites were in the range of 2.8 to 3.6 ng m−3 for As, 25 to 82 ng m−3 for Mn, 1900 to 2800 ng m−3 for Fe, 69 to 109 ng m−3 for Zn, 18 to 33 ng m−3 for Cr, 60 to 110 ng m−3 for Cu, and 25 to 40 ng m−3 for Pb. Annual average dry deposition fluxes were on the order of 3, 20, 400, 50, 25, 50, and 50 μg m−2 day−1 for As, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cr, Cu, and Pb, respectively. Annual average dry deposition velocities (Vd) for the seven metal species ranged from 0.18 to 2.22 cm s−1 at these locations. Small seasonal and geographical variations, e.g. from a few percent to a factor of 2 for different species and/or at different locations, were found in the measured concentrations, fluxes, and Vds. The measured fluxes and air concentrations had moderate to good correlations for several of the species at several of the sites (e.g. Fe, Zn, and Mn at most of the sites), but had either weak or no correlations for the other species or at the other sites (e.g. As at Sites I and III, Zn and Cr at Site IV, and Cu at most of the sites). The latter cases were believed to have large uncertainties in the flux measurements using surrogate surfaces. Sensitivity tests were conducted for particle Vds using a size-segregated particle dry deposition model, assuming various combinations of three lognormal size distributions representing fine particles (PM2.5), coarse particles (PM2.5–10), and super-sized particles (PM10+), respectively. It was found that the measured dry deposition fluxes can be reproduced reasonably well using the size-segregated particle dry deposition model if the mass fractions of the metal species in PM2.5, PM2.5–10 and PM10+ were known. Significant correlations between the modeled and the measured daily fluxes were found for those cases that were believed to have small uncertainties in the flux measurements.

Dry deposition (downward, upward) concentration study of particulates and water-soluble ionic species during daytime, night-time period at the traffic sampling site of Sha-Lu, Taiwan

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 405-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuh-Shen Wu ◽  
Guor-Cheng Fang ◽  
Jui-Yeh Rau ◽  
Shih-Han Huang
Keyword(s):  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Total Suspended Particulate ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Deposition Fluxes ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
Central Taiwan

Ambient suspended particulate (dry deposition, TSP) was collected in the traffic sites Sha-Lu, central Taiwan. In addition, the related water-soluble ionic species (Cl1/4, NO31/4, SO421/4, Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+and Ca2+) were analysed and wind speed, wind direction and temperature were also measured in this study. The downward dry deposition fluxes (averaged 54.07 mg/m2-sec) were about twice that of upward dry deposition fluxes (averaged 26.48 mg/m2-sec) in the daytime period. Furthermore, the average downward dry deposition fluxes (averaged 26.22 mg/m2-sec) were also about twice that of upward dry deposition fluxes (averaged 12.11 mg/m2-sec) in the night-time period. The results showed that the total suspended particulate concentrations of particulate mass in the daytime period (averaged 996.2 mg/m3) were higher than in the night-time period (averaged 560.7 mg/m3). The results showed that the total suspended particulate concentrations of particulate mass in the daytime period (averaged 996.2 mg/m3) were higher than in night-time period (averaged 560.7 mg/m3). As for water-soluble ionic species, the average dry deposition order and velocity for downward ionic species were Cl1/4 Í-Ca2+Í-NO31/4 Í-K+(2.09 cm/sec Í-1.46 cm/sec Í-1.46 cm/sec Í-1.07 cm/sec) anions during the daytime period. And the average dry deposition order and velocity for downward ionic species were NO31/4 Í / Cl1/4 Í / K+Í / Ca2+(2.92 cm/sec Í / 2.74 cm/sec Í / 0.96 cm/sec Í / 0.93 cm/sec) anions during the night-time period. The average dry deposition order and velocity for upward ionic species were Cl1/4 Í / Ca2+Í / K+Í / Mg2+(4.69 cm/sec Í / 0.62 cm/sec Í / 0.59 cm/sec Í / 0.55 cm/sec) anions during the daytime period. And the average dry deposition order and velocity for upward ionic species were Cl1/4 Í-Ca2+Í-Mg2+Í-K+(1.65 cm/sec Í-0.43 cm/sec Í / 0.37 cm/sec Í / 0.33 cm/sec) anions during the night-time period. The results also indicated that the sodium and chloride concentrations in total suspended particulate were highly positively related, indicating that the sea-salt aerosols were the major contributors for these species at this sampling site of central Taiwan.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document