scholarly journals The design and implementation of restraint devices for the injection of pathogenic microorganisms into Galleria mellonella

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lance R. Fredericks ◽  
Cooper R. Roslund ◽  
Mark D. Lee ◽  
Angela M. Crabtree ◽  
Peter B. Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Needlestick Injury ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Greater Wax Moth ◽  
Pathogenic Microbes ◽  
Manual Handling ◽  
Models Of Disease ◽  
Invertebrate Models

AbstractThe injection of laboratory animals with pathogenic microorganisms poses a significant safety risk because of the potential for injury by accidental needlestick. This is especially true for researchers using invertebrate models of disease due to the small size of the animals and the required precision and accuracy of the injection. The immobilization of the greater wax moth larvae (Galleria mellonella) is often achieved by grasping a larva firmly between finger and thumb. Needle resistant gloves or forceps can be used to reduce the risk of a needlestick but can result in animal injury, a loss of throughput, and inconsistencies in experimental data. Immobilization devices are commonly used for the manipulation of small mammals, and in this manuscript, we describe the construction of injection chambers that can be used to entrap and restrain G. mellonella larvae prior to injection with pathogenic microbes. These devices significantly reduce the manual handling of larvae and provide an engineering control to protection against accidental needlestick injury, while maintaining a high rate of injection.

scholarly journals Galleria mellonella as a novel eco-friendly in vivo approach for the assessment of the toxicity of medicinal plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mbarga Manga Joseph Arsene ◽  
Podoprigora Irina Viktorovna ◽  
Anyutoulou Kitio Linda Davares
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Greater Wax Moth ◽  
The Sacrifice ◽  
Invertebrate Models ◽  
Lethal Doses ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Lam ◽  
Wax Moth

The evaluation of medicinal plants toxicity is a prerequisite prior their usage. The vertebrate models used for this purpose are often the object of ethical consideration. Though invertebrate models including Galleria mellonella have shown their ability to be used to assess various products toxicity, to our knowledge, G. mellonella has never been exploited to determine the toxicity of medicinal plants. In this study, the toxicity of hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts of seven (7) Cameroonian medicinal plants namely leaves of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf, Moringa oleifera Lam and Vernonia amygdalina Delile; barks of Cinchona officinalis and Enantia chloranta Oliv; barks and seeds of Garcinia lucida Vesque and leaves and seeds of Azadirachta indica (Neem) were evaluated using the larval form of the Greater Wax Moth (Galleria mellonella). The median lethal doses (LD50), 90% lethal doses (LD90) and 100% lethal doses were successfully determined using the spline cubic survival curves and equations from the data obtained on the survival rate of G. mellonella 24h after the injection with the extracts. The LD50 values varied from 3.90 g/kg bw to >166.67 g/kg bw and the pattern of toxicity observed was in accordance with previous investigations on the plant materials concerned. The results obtained in this study suggest that G. mellonella can be used as a sensitive, reliable, and robust eco-friendly model to gauge the toxicity of medicinal plants. Thus, avoid the sacrifice of vertebrate models often used for this purpose to limit ethical concerns.

Alternative Host Models for Testing Anti-Protozoal or Antifungal Compounds and Fungal Infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-311
Author(s):  
Ana Claudia Torrecilhas ◽  
Patricia Xander ◽  
Karen Spadari Ferreira ◽  
Wagner Luiz Batista
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Antifungal Compounds ◽  
Alternative Host ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Invertebrate Models ◽  
Alternative Drugs

The neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are caused by several parasites, fungi, bacteria and viruses and affect more than one billion people in the world. The control and prevention against NTDs need implementation of alternative methods for testing new compounds against these diseases. For the implementation of alternative methods, it is necessary to apply the principles of replacement, reduction and refinement (the 3Rs) for the use of laboratory animals. Accordingly, the present review addressed a variety of alternative models to study the infections caused by protozoa and fungi. Overall, vertebrate and invertebrate models of fungal infection have been used to elucidate host-pathogen interactions. However, until now the insect model has not been used in protozoal studies as an alternative method, but there is interest in the scientific community to try new tools to screen alternative drugs to control and prevent protozoal infections.

scholarly journals Establishing an invertebrate Galleria mellonella greater wax moth larval model of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection

Virulence ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1900-1920
Author(s):  
Aiste Dijokaite ◽  
Maria Victoria Humbert ◽  
Emma Borkowski ◽  
Roberto M La Ragione ◽  
Myron Christodoulides
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Greater Wax Moth ◽  
Wax Moth

Transgenic expression of gallerimycin, a novel antifungal insect defensin from the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella, confers resistance to pathogenic fungi in tobacco

2006 ◽  
Vol 387 (5) ◽  
pp. 549-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregor Langen ◽  
Jafargholi Imani ◽  
Boran Altincicek ◽  
Gernot Kieseritzky ◽  
Karl-Heinz Kogel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Transgenic Expression ◽  
Greater Wax Moth ◽  
Insect Defensin ◽  
Wax Moth

Abstract A cDNA encoding gallerimycin, a novel antifungal peptide from the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella, was isolated from a cDNA library of genes expressed during innate immune response in the caterpillars. Upon ectopic expression of gallerimycin in tobacco, using Agrobacterium tumefaciens as a vector, gallerimycin conferred resistance to the fungal pathogens Erysiphe cichoracearum and Sclerotinia minor. Quantification of gallerimycin mRNA in transgenic tobacco by real-time PCR confirmed transgenic expression under control of the inducible mannopine synthase promoter. Leaf sap and intercellular washing fluid from transgenic tobacco inhibited in vitro germination and growth of the fungal pathogens, demonstrating that gallerimycin is secreted into intercellular spaces. The feasibility of the use of gallerimycin to counteract fungal diseases in crop plants is discussed.

Greater wax moth Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) as a resistant model host for Nosema pyrausta (Microsporidia: Nosematidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri S. Tokarev ◽  
Ekaterina V. Grizanova ◽  
Anastasia N. Ignatieva ◽  
Ivan M. Dubovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Greater Wax Moth ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Wax Moth

Case Series

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 476-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piper M. Treuting ◽  
Tina M. Albertson ◽  
Bradley D. Preston
Keyword(s):  
Organ Dysfunction ◽  
Tumor Lysis Syndrome ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Tumor Burden ◽  
Lymphoblastic Lymphoma ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Large Tumor

Acute tumor lysis syndrome (ATLS) is characterized by severe metabolic abnormalities and organ dysfunction resulting from rapid destruction of neoplastic cells. Metabolic disturbances are thought to be the primary cause of clinical ATLS symptoms, which include renal dysfunction, seizures, and cardiac arrhythmias. The histopathologic lesions associated with organ dysfunction are largely unknown because of the low rate of mortality of ATLS in humans and the few cases of ATLS identified in laboratory animals. Here, we describe histologic, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic analyses of thirty-one ATLS cases from a cohort of 499 mice that are prone to spontaneous lymphoblastic lymphoma owing to genetic defects in DNA replication fidelity. Seventy-three percent of our cohort died with lymphoblastic lymphoma, and 8% of affected mice died with diffuse microthromboemboli consistent with ATLS. Mice with ATLS had a high spontaneous mortality rate (>50%), a large tumor burden with disseminated disease, and evidence of leukemia. Blood vessels in the lung, kidney, and other organs were occluded by microthromboemboli composed of chromatin, cellular debris, fibrin, platelets, and entrapped erythrocytes and malignant cells. This case series suggests that ATLS can occur at high frequency in mice with disseminated lymphoblastic lymphoma and leads to a high rate of spontaneous death from microthromboemboli.

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