scholarly journals Unravelling lactate-acetate conversion to butyrate by intestinal Anaerobutyricum and Anaerostipes species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudarshan A. Shetty ◽  
Sjef Boeren ◽  
Thi Phuong Nam Bui ◽  
Hauke Smidt ◽  
Willem M. de Vos
Keyword(s):  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Active Gene ◽  
Mucosal Barrier Function ◽  
Acetate Utilization ◽  
Related Group ◽  
Electron Transport Proteins ◽  
Human Intestinal Tract

SummaryThe D-and L-forms of lactate are important fermentation metabolites produced by intestinal bacteria but have been found to negatively affect mucosal barrier function and human health. Of interest, both enantiomers of lactate can be converted with acetate into the presumed beneficial butyrate by a phylogenetically related group of anaerobes, including Anaerobutyricum and Anaerostipes spp. This is a low energy yielding process with a partially unknown pathway in Anaerobutyricum and Anaerostipes spp. and hence, we sought to address this via a comparative genomics, proteomics and physiology approach. We focused on Anaerobutyricum soehngenii and compared its growth on lactate with that on sucrose and sorbitol. Comparative proteomics revealed a unique active gene cluster that was abundantly expressed when grown on lactate. This active gene cluster, lctABCDEF, encodes a lactate dehydrogenase (lctD), electron transport proteins A and B (lctCB), along with a nickel-dependent racemase (lctE) and a lactate permease (lctF). Extensive search of available genomes of intestinal bacteria revealed this gene cluster to be highly conserved in only Anaerobutyricum and Anaerostipes spp. The present study demonstrates that A. soehngenii and several related Anaerobutyricum and Anaerostipes spp. are highly adapted for a lifestyle involving lactate plus acetate utilization in the human intestinal tract.

scholarly journals N-Acetylcysteine improves intestinal function and attenuates intestinal autophagy in piglets challenged with β-conglycinin

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiyun Wang ◽  
Chengcheng Li ◽  
Meng Peng ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Di Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peptide Transporter ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Intestinal Function ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Mucosal Barrier Function

Abstractβ-Conglycinin (β-CG), an anti-nutritional factor, is a major allergen in soybeans to induce intestinal dysfunction and diarrhea in neonatal animals, including piglets and human infants. This study with a piglet model determined the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on intestinal function and autophagy in response to β-CG challenge. Twenty-four 12-day-old piglets (3.44 ± 0.28 kg), which had been weaned at 7 days of age and adapted for 5 days after weaning, were randomly allocated to the control, β-CG, and β-CG + NAC groups. Piglets in the control group were fed a liquid diet containing 10% casein, whereas those in the β-CG and β-CG + NAC groups were fed the basal liquid diets containing 9.5% casein and 0.5% β-CG for 2 days. Thereafter, pigs in the β-CG + NAC group were orally administrated with 50 mg (kg BW)−1 NAC for 3 days, while pigs in the other two groups were orally administrated with the same volume of sterile saline. NAC numerically reduced diarrhea incidence (− 46.2%) and the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde, but increased claudin-1 and intestinal fatty-acid binding protein (iFABP) protein abundances and activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase in the jejunum of β-CG-challenged piglets. Although β-CG challenge decreased the villus height, villus height/crypt depth ratio, and mRNA levels of claudin-1 and occludin, no significant differences were observed in these indices between the control and β-CG + NAC groups, suggesting the positive effects of NAC supplementation on intestinal mucosal barrier function. Moreover, NAC increased the concentrations of citrulline and D-xylose in the plasma, as well as the expression of genes for aquaporin (AQP) 3, AQP4, peptide transporter 1 (PepT1), sodium/glucose co-transporter-1 (SGLT-1), potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 13 (KCNJ13), and solute carrier family 1 member 1 (SLC1A1) in the jejunum, demonstrating that NAC augmented intestinal metabolic activity and absorptive function. Remarkably, NAC decreased Atg5 protein abundance and the LC3II/LC3I ratio (an indicator of autophagy) in the jejunum of β-CG-challenged piglets. Taken together, NAC supplementation improved intestinal function and attenuated intestinal autophagy in β-CG-challenged piglets.

Glucagon-Like Peptide-2 Improve Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Function in Aged Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 731-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiying Ren ◽  
Jiayu Wu ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Y. Lu ◽  
Y. Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Barrier Function ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Intestinal Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Mucosal Barrier Function ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide

The human intestinal tract – a hotbed of resistance gene transfer? Part I

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail A. Salyers ◽  
Kyung Moon ◽  
David Schlesinger
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Human Intestinal Tract

scholarly journals An objective in vivo diagnostic method for inflammatory bowel disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 180107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie C. Payne ◽  
Robert K. Shepherd ◽  
Alicia Sedo ◽  
James B. Fallon ◽  
John B. Furness
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Inflammatory Damage ◽  
Mucosal Barrier Function ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory damage to the bowel, as occurs in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is debilitating to patients. In both patients and animal experimental models, histological analyses of biopsies and endoscopic examinations are used to evaluate the disease state. However, such measurements often have delays and are invasive, while endoscopy is not quantitatively objective. Therefore, a real-time quantitative method to assess compromised mucosal barrier function is advantageous. We investigated the correlation of in vivo changes in electrical transmural impedance with histological measures of inflammation. Four platinum (Pt) ball electrodes were placed in the lumen of the rat small intestine, with a return electrode under the skin. Electrodes placed within the non-inflamed intestine generated stable impedances during the 3 h testing period. Following an intraluminal injection of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS), an established animal model of IBD, impedances in the inflamed region significantly decreased relative to a region not exposed to TNBS ( p  < 0.05). Changes in intestinal transmural impedance were correlated ( p  < 0.05) with histologically assessed damage to the mucosa and increases in neutrophil, eosinophil and T-cell populations at 3 h compared with tissue from control regions. This quantitative, real-time assay may have application in the diagnosis and clinical management of IBD.

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