scholarly journals Synergistic epistasis enhances cooperativity of mutualistic interspecies interactions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serdar Turkarslan ◽  
Nejc Stopnisek ◽  
Anne W Thompson ◽  
Christina E Arens ◽  
Jacob J Valenzuela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Desulfovibrio Vulgaris ◽  
Interspecies Interactions ◽  
Cell Level ◽  
Methanococcus Maripaludis ◽  
Laboratory Evolution ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectories ◽  
High Level ◽  
Genotypic Structure ◽  
Prolonged Laboratory

SUMMARYFrequent fluctuations in sulfate availability rendered syntrophic interactions between the sulfate reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio vulgaris (Dv) and the methanogenic archaeon Methanococcus maripaludis (Mm) unsustainable. By contrast, prolonged laboratory evolution in obligate syntrophy conditions improved the productivity of this community but at the expense of erosion of sulfate respiration (SR). Hence, we sought to understand the evolutionary trajectories that could both increase the productivity of syntrophic interactions and sustain SR. We combined a temporal and combinatorial survey of mutations accumulated over 1000 generations of 9 independently-evolved communities with analysis of the genotypic structure for one community down to the single-cell level. We discovered a high level of parallelism across communities despite considerable variance in their evolutionary trajectories and the perseverance of a rare SR+ Dv lineage within many evolution lines. An in-depth investigation revealed that synergistic epistasis across Dv and Mm genotypes had enhanced cooperativity within SR- and SR+ assemblages, allowing their co-existence as r- and K-strategists, respectively.

scholarly journals Synergistic epistasis enhances the co-operativity of mutualistic interspecies interactions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serdar Turkarslan ◽  
Nejc Stopnisek ◽  
Anne W. Thompson ◽  
Christina E. Arens ◽  
Jacob J. Valenzuela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Desulfovibrio Vulgaris ◽  
Single Cell Level ◽  
Deleterious Mutations ◽  
Interspecies Interactions ◽  
Cell Level ◽  
Methanococcus Maripaludis ◽  
Interacting Species ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectories ◽  
Genotypic Structure

AbstractEarly evolution of mutualism is characterized by big and predictable adaptive changes, including the specialization of interacting partners, such as through deleterious mutations in genes not required for metabolic cross-feeding. We sought to investigate whether these early mutations improve cooperativity by manifesting in synergistic epistasis between genomes of the mutually interacting species. Specifically, we have characterized evolutionary trajectories of syntrophic interactions of Desulfovibrio vulgaris (Dv) with Methanococcus maripaludis (Mm) by longitudinally monitoring mutations accumulated over 1000 generations of nine independently evolved communities with analysis of the genotypic structure of one community down to the single-cell level. We discovered extensive parallelism across communities despite considerable variance in their evolutionary trajectories and the perseverance within many evolution lines of a rare lineage of Dv that retained sulfate-respiration (SR+) capability, which is not required for metabolic cross-feeding. An in-depth investigation revealed that synergistic epistasis across pairings of Dv and Mm genotypes had enhanced cooperativity within SR− and SR+ assemblages, enabling their coexistence within the same community. Thus, our findings demonstrate that cooperativity of a mutualism can improve through synergistic epistasis between genomes of the interacting species, enabling the coexistence of mutualistic assemblages of generalists and their specialized variants.

scholarly journals Evolutionarily recent dual obligatory symbiosis among adelgids indicates a transition between fungus- and insect-associated lifestyles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gitta Szabó ◽  
Frederik Schulz ◽  
Alejandro Manzano-Marín ◽  
Elena Rebecca Toenshoff ◽  
Matthias Horn
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Amino Acid Production ◽  
Evolutionary Transition ◽  
Evolutionary Time ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectories ◽  
Host Infection ◽  
Phylogenomic Analyses ◽  
Time Specific ◽  
High Level ◽  
Metagenomic Approach

AbstractAdelgids (Insecta: Hemiptera: Adelgidae) form a small group of insects but harbor a surprisingly diverse set of bacteriocyte-associated endosymbionts, which suggest multiple replacement and acquisition of symbionts over evolutionary time. Specific pairs of symbionts have been associated with adelgid lineages specialized on different secondary host conifers. Using a metagenomic approach, we investigated the symbiosis of the Adelges laricis/Adelgestardus species complex containing betaproteobacterial (“Candidatus Vallotia tarda”) and gammaproteobacterial (“Candidatus Profftia tarda”) symbionts. Genomic characteristics and metabolic pathway reconstructions revealed that Vallotia and Profftia are evolutionary young endosymbionts, which complement each other’s role in essential amino acid production. Phylogenomic analyses and a high level of genomic synteny indicate an origin of the betaproteobacterial symbiont from endosymbionts of Rhizopus fungi. This evolutionary transition was accompanied with substantial loss of functions related to transcription regulation, secondary metabolite production, bacterial defense mechanisms, host infection, and manipulation. The transition from fungus to insect endosymbionts extends our current framework about evolutionary trajectories of host-associated microbes.

Experimental Investigation on the Active Range of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria for Geological Disposal

1994 ◽  
Vol 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fukunaga ◽  
H. Yoshikawa ◽  
K. Fujiki ◽  
H. Asano
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Desulfovibrio Desulfuricans ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Geological Disposal ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Buffer Material ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
High Level ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

AbstractThe active range ofDesulfovibrio desulfuricans. a species of sulfate-reducing bacteria, was examined in terms of pH and Eh using a fermenter at controlled pH and Eh. Such research is important because sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are thought to exist underground at depths equal to those of supposed repositories for high-level radioactive wastes and to be capable of inducing corrosion of the metals used in containment vessels.SRB activity was estimated at 35°C, with lactate as an electron donor, at a pH range from 7 to 11 and Eh range from 0 to -380 mV. Activity increased as pH approached neutral and Eh declined. The upper pH limit for activity was between 9.9 and 10.3, at Eh of -360 to -384 mV. The upper Eh limit for activity was between -68 and -3 mV, at pH 7.1. These results show that SRB can be made active at higher pH by decreasing Eh, and that the higher pH levels of 8 to 10 produced by use of the buffer material bentonite does not suppress SRB completely.A chart was obtained showing the active range ofDesulfovibrio desulfuricansin terms of pH and Eh. Such charts can be used to estimate the viability of SRB and other microorganisms when the environmental conditions of a repository are specified.

scholarly journals Evolutionary recent dual obligatory symbiosis among adelgids indicates a transition between fungus and insect associated lifestyles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gitta Szabó ◽  
Frederik Schulz ◽  
Alejandro Manzano-Marín ◽  
Elena Rebecca Toenshoff ◽  
Matthias Horn
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Amino Acid Production ◽  
Evolutionary Transition ◽  
Evolutionary Time ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectories ◽  
Host Infection ◽  
Phylogenomic Analyses ◽  
Time Specific ◽  
High Level ◽  
Metagenomic Approach

ABSTRACTAdelgids (Insecta: Hemiptera: Adelgidae) form a small group of insects but harbor a surprisingly diverse set of bacteriocyte-associated endosymbionts, which suggest multiple replacement and acquisition of symbionts over evolutionary time. Specific pairs of symbionts have been associated with adelgid lineages specialized on different secondary host conifers. Using a metagenomic approach, we investigated the symbiosis of the Adelges laricis/tardus species complex containing betaproteobacterial (‘ Candidatus Vallotia tarda’) and gammaproteobacterial (‘Candidatus Profftia tarda’) symbionts. Genomic characteristics and metabolic pathway reconstructions revealed that Vallotia and Profftia are evolutionary young endosymbionts, which complement each other’s role in essential amino acid production. Phylogenomic analyses and a high level of genomic synteny indicate an origin of the betaproteobacterial symbiont from endosymbionts of Rhizopus fungi. This evolutionary transition was accompanied with substantial loss of functions related to transcription regulation, secondary metabolite production, bacterial defense mechanisms, host infection and manipulation. The transition from fungus to insect endosymbionts extends our current framework about evolutionary trajectories of host-associated microbes.

scholarly journals Metabolic Characterization of Escherichia coli Strains Adapted to Growth on Lactate

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (14) ◽  
pp. 4639-4647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Hua ◽  
Andrew R. Joyce ◽  
Bernhard Ø. Palsson ◽  
Stephen S. Fong
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Metabolic Flux ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Carbon Substrate ◽  
Flux Analysis ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Laboratory Evolution ◽  
Average Biomass ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectories ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms

ABSTRACT In comparison with intensive studies of genetic mechanisms related to biological evolutionary systems, much less analysis has been conducted on metabolic network responses to adaptive evolution that are directly associated with evolved metabolic phenotypes. Metabolic mechanisms involved in laboratory evolution of Escherichia coli on gluconeogenic carbon sources, such as lactate, were studied based on intracellular flux states determined from 13C tracer experiments and 13C-constrained flux analysis. At the end point of laboratory evolution, strains exhibited a more than doubling of the average growth rate and a 50% increase in the average biomass yield. Despite different evolutionary trajectories among parallel evolved populations, most improvements were obtained within the first 250 generations of evolution and were generally characterized by a significant increase in pathway capacity. Partitioning between gluconeogenic and pyruvate catabolic flux at the pyruvate node remained almost unchanged, while flux distributions around the key metabolites phosphoenolpyruvate, oxaloacetate, and acetyl-coenzyme A were relatively flexible over the course of evolution on lactate to meet energetic and anabolic demands during rapid growth on this gluconeogenic carbon substrate. There were no clear qualitative correlations between most transcriptional expression and metabolic flux changes, suggesting complex regulatory mechanisms at multiple levels of genetics and molecular biology. Moreover, higher fitness gains for cell growth on both evolutionary and alternative carbon sources were found for strains that adaptively evolved on gluconeogenic carbon sources compared to those that evolved on glucose. These results provide a novel systematic view of the mechanisms underlying microbial adaptation to growth on a gluconeogenic substrate.

scholarly journals Environment Shapes the Accessible Daptomycin Resistance Mechanisms in Enterococcus faecium

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy G. Prater ◽  
Heer H. Mehta ◽  
Abigael J. Kosgei ◽  
William R. Miller ◽  
Truc T. Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Clinical Strain ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Component Cell ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectories ◽  
High Level ◽  
Cell Envelopes

ABSTRACT Daptomycin binds to bacterial cell membranes and disrupts essential cell envelope processes, leading to cell death. Bacteria respond to daptomycin by altering their cell envelopes to either decrease antibiotic binding to the membrane or by diverting binding away from septal targets. In Enterococcus faecalis, daptomycin resistance is typically coordinated by the three-component cell envelope stress response system, LiaFSR. Here, studying a clinical strain of multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecium containing alleles associated with activation of the LiaFSR signaling pathway, we found that specific environments selected for different evolutionary trajectories, leading to high-level daptomycin resistance. Planktonic environments favored pathways that increased cell surface charge via yvcRS upregulation of dltABCD and mprF, causing a reduction in daptomycin binding. Alternatively, environments favoring complex structured communities, including biofilms, evolved both diversion and repulsion strategies via divIVA and oatA mutations, respectively. Both environments subsequently converged on cardiolipin synthase (cls) mutations, suggesting the importance of membrane modification across strategies. Our findings indicate that E. faecium can evolve diverse evolutionary trajectories to daptomycin resistance that are shaped by the environment to produce a combination of resistance strategies. The accessibility of multiple and different biochemical pathways simultaneously suggests that the outcome of daptomycin exposure results in a polymorphic population of resistant phenotypes, making E. faecium a recalcitrant nosocomial pathogen.

scholarly journals Microbial Corrosion of API 5L X-70 Carbon Steel by ATCC 7757 and Consortium of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arman Abdullah ◽  
Nordin Yahaya ◽  
Norhazilan Md Noor ◽  
Rosilawati Mohd Rasol
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Desulfovibrio Vulgaris ◽  
Corrosion Morphology ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Weight Loss Method ◽  
Loss Method ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Various cases of accidents involving microbiology influenced corrosion (MIC) were reported by the oil and gas industry. Sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) have always been linked to MIC mechanisms as one of the major causes of localized corrosion problems. In this study, SRB colonies were isolated from the soil in suspected areas near the natural gas transmission pipeline in Malaysia. The effects of ATCC 7757 and consortium of isolated SRB upon corrosion on API 5L X-70 carbon steel coupon were investigated using a weight loss method, an open circuit potential method (OCP), and a potentiodynamic polarization curves method in anaerobic conditions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were then used to determine the corrosion morphology in verifying the SRB activity and corrosion products formation. Results from the study show that the corrosion rate (CR) of weight loss method for the isolated SRB is recorded as 0.2017 mm/yr compared to 0.2530 mm/yr for ATCC 7757. The Tafel plot recorded the corrosion rate of 0.3290 mm/yr for Sg. Ular SRB and 0.2500 mm/yr forDesulfovibrio vulgaris. The results showed that the consortia of isolated SRB were of comparable effects and features with the single ATCC 7757 strain.

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