scholarly journals Different effects of phytohormones on Fusarium head blight and Fusarium root rot resistance in Brachypodium distachyon

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J F. Haidoulis ◽  
P. Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Brachypodium Distachyon ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Root Rot ◽  
Fhb Resistance ◽  
Independent Effects ◽  
Root Tissues ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

AbstractFusarium graminearum is a devastating pathogen of small grain cereals causing both Fusarium head blight (FHB) and Fusarium root rot (FRR). Exogenous application of phytohormones has been shown to affect FHB resistance. In contrast to FHB, FRR remains poorly characterised and it is unknown whether phytohormones play similar roles in FHB and FRR. In this present study, B. distachyon floral tissues at mid-anthesis and root tissues from seedlings were exogenously treated with several phytohormones before inoculation with F. graminearum. The canonical defence-associated phytohormones had differing effects on FHB and FRR. Salicylic acid (SA) significantly increased susceptibility to FRR but not to FHB while jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene increased resistance to FRR but increased susceptibility to FHB. Additionally, the growth-associated phytohormones auxin and cytokinin significantly increased resistance and susceptibility, respectively, to both diseases. This study is the first to compare phytohormone effects between FHB and FRR in the same host.HighlightThe tissue-dependent effects of defence phytohormones and tissue-independent effects of development phytohormones on F. graminearum-induced Fusarium head blight and Fusarium root rot diseases in the model cereal Brachypodium distachyon.

scholarly journals Fusarium species and chemotypes associated with fusarium head blight and fusarium root rot on wheat in Sardinia

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 972-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Balmas ◽  
B. Scherm ◽  
A. Marcello ◽  
M. Beyer ◽  
L. Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Root Rot

Screening of an EMS mutagenized population of a wheat cultivar susceptible to Fusarium head blight identifies resistant variants

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhavit Chhabra ◽  
Lovepreet Singh ◽  
Sydney Wallace ◽  
Adam Schoen ◽  
Yanhong Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Point Of Sale ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Small Grains ◽  
Fhb Resistance ◽  
Mutant Lines

Fusarium head blight (FHB) primarily caused by Fusarium graminearum is a key disease of small grains. Diseased spikes show symptoms of premature bleaching shortly after infection and have aborted or shriveled seeds, resulting in reduced yields. The fungus also deteriorates quality and safety of the grain due to production of mycotoxins, especially deoxynivalenol (DON), which can result in grain being docked or rejected at the point of sale. Genetic host resistance to FHB is quantitative and no complete genetic resistance against this devastating disease is available. Alternative approaches to develop new sources of FHB resistance are needed. In this study, we performed extensive forward genetic screening of the M4 generation of an EMS induced mutagenized population of cultivar Jagger to isolate variants with FHB resistance. In field testing, 74 mutant lines were found to have resistance against FHB spread and 30 lines out of these also had low DON content. Subsequent testing over two years in controlled greenhouse conditions revealed ten M6 lines showing significantly lower FHB spread. Seven and six lines out of those 10 lines also had reduced DON content and lower FDKs, respectively. Future endeavors will include identification of the mutations that led to resistance in these variants.

scholarly journals Alien chromatin but not Fhb7 confers Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat breeding

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianrui Guo ◽  
Qinghua Shi ◽  
Jing Yuan ◽  
Mian Wang ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight Resistance ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fhb Resistance ◽  
Translocation Lines ◽  
High Level ◽  
Thinopyrum Elongatum

AbstractFusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium species, seriously threaten global wheat production. Three wheat-Th.elongatum FHB resistant translocation lines have been developed and used for breeding. Transcriptomic analysis identified a derivative glutathione S-transferase transcript T26102, which was homologous to Fhb7 and induced dramatically by Fusarium graminearum. Homologs of Fhb7 were detected in several genera in Triticeae, including Thinopyrum, Elymus, Leymus, Pseudoroegeria and Roegeria. Several wheat-Thinopyrum translocation lines carrying Fhb7 remain susceptible to FHB, and transgenic plants overexpressing the T26102 on different backgrounds did not improve the FHB resistance. Taken as a whole, we show the application of the chromatin derived from diploid Thinopyrum elongatum successfully conferring wheat with high level FHB resistance independent of the Fhb7.One Sentence SummaryThinopyrum elongatum chromatin from 7EL was successfully applied to wheat FHB resistance breeding, but the resistant gene other than the reported Fhb7 remained unknown.

scholarly journals Identification of a Novel Genomic Region Associated With Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight in Chinese Winter Wheat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunzhe Zhao ◽  
Xinying Zhao ◽  
Mengqi Ji ◽  
Wenqi Fang ◽  
Hong Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Scab Resistance ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Transferase Activity ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Fhb Resistance

Abstract Background: Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a disease affecting wheat spikes caused by Fusarium species, which leads to cases of severe yield reduction and seed contamination. Therefore, identifying resistance genes from various sources is always of importance to wheat breeders. In this study, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) focusing on FHB using a high-density genetic map constructed with 90K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays in a panel of 205 elite winter wheat accessions, was conducted in 3 environments. Results: Sixty-six significant marker–trait associations (MTAs) were identified (P<0.001) on fifteen chromosomes explaining 5.4–11.2% of the phenotypic variation therein. Some important new genomic regions involving FHB resistance were found on chromosomes 2A, 3B, 5B, 6A, and 7B. On chromosome 7B, 6 MTAs at 92 genetic positions were found in 2 environments. Moreover, there were 11 MTAs consistently associated with diseased spikelet rate and diseased rachis rate as pleiotropic effect loci. Eight new candidate genes of FHB resistance were predicated in wheat. Of which, three genes: TraesCS5D01G006700, TraesCS6A02G013600, and TraesCS7B02G370700 on chromosome 5DS, 6AS, and 7BL, respectively, were important in defending against FHB by regulating chitinase activity, calcium ion binding, intramolecular transferase activity, and UDP-glycosyltransferase activity in wheat. In addition, a total of six excellent alleles associated with wheat scab resistance were discovered. Conclusion: These results provide important genes/loci for enhancing FHB resistance in wheat breeding populations by marker-assisted selection.

scholarly journals Mapping of QTL associated with Fusarium head blight in spring wheat RL4137

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 147-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivasachary ◽  
N. Gosman ◽  
A. Steed ◽  
S. Faure ◽  
R. Bayles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Resistant Line ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Resistance Qtl ◽  
Multiple Trials ◽  
Fhb Resistance ◽  
Positive Effect

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a destructive disease of wheat worldwide. We aimed to map QTL for FHB resistance in RL4137, a FHB resistant line derived from Frontana using 90 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) from a cross between RL4137 and the moderately FHB resistant variety Timgalen. A total of seven putative FHB resistance QTL (1B, 2B, 3A, 6A, 6B, 7A and 7D) were identified and in all but one instance, the alleles from RL4137 had a positive effect on FHB resistance. The QTL, Qfhs.jic-2band Qfhs.jic-6b contributed by the alleles from RL4137 and Timgalen, respectively were detected in multiple trials. Our study also identified three QTL for plant height (2B, 4A and 5B), two QTL for weight of infected spikelets from infected ears (2B and 6A) and one QTL for &ldquo;awns&rdquo; (2B). The QTL mapped on 2B for PH, WIS and awns co-localized with Qfhs.jic-2b. The FHB QTL on 1B and 6B were not associated with PH QTL and that the minor PH QTL on 4A and 5B, did not co-localise with any other FHB resistance QTL.

scholarly journals Methodical Considerations and Resistance Evaluation against F. graminearum and F. culmorum Head Blight in Wheat. The Influence of Mixture of Isolates on Aggressiveness and Resistance Expression

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akos Mesterhazy ◽  
Andrea Gyorgy ◽  
Monika Varga ◽  
Beata Toth
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Resistance Evaluation ◽  
Fhb Resistance ◽  
Correct Data ◽  
Resistance Tests ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Resistance Expression

In resistance tests to Fusarium head blight (FHB), the mixing of inocula before inoculation is normal, but no information about the background of mixing was given. Therefore, four experiments (2013–2015) were made with four independent isolates, their all-possible (11) mixtures and a control. Four cultivars with differing FHB resistance were used. Disease index (DI), Fusarium damaged kernels (FDK) and deoxynivalenol (DON) were evaluated. The isolates used were not stable in aggressiveness. Their mixtures did not also give a stable aggressiveness; it depended on the composition of mix. The three traits diverged in their responses. After the mixing, the aggressiveness was always less than that of the most pathogenic component was. However, in most cases it was significantly higher than the arithmetical mean of the participating isolates. A mixture was not better than a single isolate was. The prediction of the aggressiveness level is problematic even if the aggressiveness of the components was tested. Resistance expression is different in the mixing variants and in the three traits tested. Of them, DON is the most sensitive. More reliable resistance and toxin data can be received when instead of one more independent isolates are used. This is important when highly correct data are needed (genetic research or cultivar registration).

scholarly journals A Quantitative Proteomics View on the Function of Qfhb1, a Major QTL for Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in Wheat

Pathogens ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moustafa Eldakak ◽  
Aayudh Das ◽  
Yongbin Zhuang ◽  
Jai Rohila ◽  
Karl Glover ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Starch Synthesis ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight Resistance ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fhb Resistance ◽  
Trait Locus

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a highly detrimental disease of wheat. A quantitative trait locus for FHB resistance, Qfhb1, is the most utilized source of resistance in wheat-breeding programs, but very little is known about its resistance mechanism. In this study, we elucidated a prospective FHB resistance mechanism by investigating the proteomic signatures of Qfhb1 in a pair of contrasting wheat near-isogenic lines (NIL) after 24 h of inoculation of wheat florets by Fusarium graminearum. Statistical comparisons of the abundances of protein spots on the 2D-DIGE gels of contrasting NILs (fhb1+ NIL = Qfhb1 present; fhb1- NIL = Qfhb1 absent) enabled us to select 80 high-ranking differentially accumulated protein (DAP) spots. An additional evaluation confirmed that the DAP spots were specific to the spikelet from fhb1- NIL (50 spots), and fhb1+ NIL (seven spots). The proteomic data also suggest that the absence of Qfhb1 makes the fhb1- NIL vulnerable to Fusarium attack by constitutively impairing several mechanisms including sucrose homeostasis by enhancing starch synthesis from sucrose. In the absence of Qfhb1, Fusarium inoculations severely damaged photosynthetic machinery; altered the metabolism of carbohydrates, nitrogen and phenylpropanoids; disrupted the balance of proton gradients across relevant membranes; disturbed the homeostasis of many important signaling molecules induced the mobility of cellular repair; and reduced translational activities. These changes in the fhb1- NIL led to strong defense responses centered on the hypersensitive response (HSR), resulting in infected cells suicide and the consequent initiation of FHB development. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that Qfhb1 largely functions to either alleviate HSR or to manipulate the host cells to not respond to Fusarium infection.

scholarly journals Reaction of a Diverse Collection of Barley Lines to Fusarium Head Blight

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. McCallum ◽  
A. Tekauz ◽  
J. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Visual Symptoms ◽  
Resistance Sources ◽  
Primary Disease ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Fhb Resistance

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is currently the primary disease of concern in barley in Canada and sources of FHB resistance need to be identified. A diverse collection of 77 two-rowed and 81 six-rowed barley lines was screened for resistance to FHB in inoculated, irrigated nurseries from 1995 to 1998. Barley spikes were spray inoculated with conidia of Fusarium graminearum and visual symptoms of FHB were scored to determine an FHB index. Deoxynivalenol (DON) content was determined from harvested seed samples during 1997 and 1998. Although there was variation in the average FHB index and DON content among the different years of testing, the rankings of the lines generally were correlated among the years of testing and the two measures of FHB. Based on the FHB index from 1995 and 1996, a subset of 18 lines with low FHB and 12 lines with high FHB were compared with 20 FHB resistance sources and 7 Canadian lines or cultivars during 1997 and 1998 in both inoculated and noninoculated nurseries. Lines Nepolegajuscij, Krasnojarskij, Nordic, Murakaki-mochi, Golozernyj 1, Maris Mink, Symko, Ussurijskij 8, Suvenir, and Canadian cultivars AC Sterling and Morrison were similar to the best resistance sources (Zhedar1, Seijo II, and Chevron) and had consistently low DON content.

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