scholarly journals Intrinsic neural timescales related to sensory processing: Evidence from abnormal behavioural states

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Zilio ◽  
Javier Gomez-Pilar ◽  
Shumei Cao ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Di Zang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
Power Law Exponent ◽  
Motor Information ◽  
Correlation Window ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

The brain exhibits a complex temporal structure which translates into a hierarchy of distinct neural timescales. An open question is how these intrinsic timescales are related to sensory or motor information processing and whether these dynamics have common patterns in different behavioural states. We address these questions by investigating the brain's intrinsic timescales in healthy controls, motor (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, locked-in syndrome), sensory (anaesthesia, unresponsive wakefulness syndrome), and progressive reduction of sensory processing (from awake states over N1, N2, N3). We employed a combination of measures from EEG resting-state data: auto-correlation window (ACW), power spectral density (PSD), and power-law exponent (PLE). Prolonged neural timescales accompanied by a shift towards slower frequencies were observed in the conditions with sensory deficits, but not in conditions with motor deficits. Our results establish that the spontaneous activity's intrinsic neural timescale is related to specifically sensory rather than motor information processing in the healthy brain.

scholarly journals Xrp1 genetically interacts with the ALS-associated FUS orthologue caz and mediates its toxicity

2018 ◽  
Vol 217 (11) ◽  
pp. 3947-3964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moushami Mallik ◽  
Marica Catinozzi ◽  
Clemens B. Hug ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Marina Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Gene Expression Regulation ◽  
Genetic Interaction ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Chromatin Binding ◽  
Mutant Phenotypes ◽  
Gene Expression Dysregulation ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Cabeza (caz) is the single Drosophila melanogaster orthologue of the human FET proteins FUS, TAF15, and EWSR1, which have been implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia. In this study, we identified Xrp1, a nuclear chromatin-binding protein, as a key modifier of caz mutant phenotypes. Xrp1 expression was strongly up-regulated in caz mutants, and Xrp1 heterozygosity rescued their motor defects and life span. Interestingly, selective neuronal Xrp1 knockdown was sufficient to rescue, and neuronal Xrp1 overexpression phenocopied caz mutant phenotypes. The caz/Xrp1 genetic interaction depended on the functionality of the AT-hook DNA-binding domain in Xrp1, and the majority of Xrp1-interacting proteins are involved in gene expression regulation. Consistently, caz mutants displayed gene expression dysregulation, which was mitigated by Xrp1 heterozygosity. Finally, Xrp1 knockdown substantially rescued the motor deficits and life span of flies expressing ALS mutant FUS in motor neurons, implicating gene expression dysregulation in ALS-FUS pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Saccadic Alterations in Severe Developmental Dyslexia

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Stefano Pensiero ◽  
Agostino Accardo ◽  
Paola Michieletto ◽  
Paolo Brambilla
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Visual Evoked Potentials ◽  
Developmental Dyslexia ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movement ◽  
Ocular Motor ◽  
Pattern Visual Evoked Potentials ◽  
Rapid Visual Information Processing

It is not sure if persons with dyslexia have ocular motor deficits in addition to their deficits in rapid visual information processing. A 15-year-old boy afflicted by severe dyslexia was submitted to saccadic eye movement recording. Neurological and ophthalmic examinations were normal apart from the presence of an esophoria for near and slightly longer latencies of pattern visual evoked potentials. Subclinical saccadic alterations were present, which could be at the basis of the reading pathology: (1) low velocities (and larger durations) of the adducting saccades of the left eye with undershooting and long-lasting postsaccadic onward drift, typical of the internuclear ophthalmoplegia; (2) saccades interrupted in mid-flight and fixation instability, which are present in cases of brainstem premotor disturbances.

scholarly journals Analysis of the geomagnetic activity of the <i>D<sub>st</sub></i> index and self-affine fractals using wavelet transforms

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Wei ◽  
S. A. Billings ◽  
M. Balikhin
Keyword(s):  
Brownian Motion ◽  
Geomagnetic Activity ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Wavelet Transforms ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Dst Index ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
Power Law Exponent ◽  
Brownian Motion Model

Abstract. The geomagnetic activity of the Dst index is analyzed using wavelet transforms and it is shown that the Dst index possesses properties associated with self-affine fractals. For example, the power spectral density obeys a power-law dependence on frequency, and therefore the Dst index can be viewed as a self-affine fractal dynamic process. In fact, the behaviour of the Dst index, with a Hurst exponent H≈0.5 (power-law exponent β≈2) at high frequency, is similar to that of Brownian motion. Therefore, the dynamical invariants of the Dst index may be described by a potential Brownian motion model. Characterization of the geomagnetic activity has been studied by analysing the geomagnetic field using a wavelet covariance technique. The wavelet covariance exponent provides a direct effective measure of the strength of persistence of the Dst index. One of the advantages of wavelet analysis is that many inherent problems encountered in Fourier transform methods, such as windowing and detrending, are not necessary.

scholarly journals Frontal Anatomical Correlates of Cognitive and Speech Motor Deficits in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yana Yunusova ◽  
Jamal Ansari ◽  
Joel Ramirez ◽  
Sanjana Shellikeri ◽  
Greg J. Stanisz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Speech Rate ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Speaking Rate ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Brain Changes ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

The goal of this study was to identify neurostructural frontal lobe correlates of cognitive and speaking rate changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). 17 patients diagnosed with ALS and 12 matched controls underwent clinical, bulbar, and neuropsychological assessment and structural neuroimaging. Neuropsychological testing was performed via a novel computerized frontal battery (ALS-CFB), based on a validated theoretical model of frontal lobe functions, and focused on testing energization, executive function, emotion processing, theory of mind, and behavioral inhibition via antisaccades. The measure of speaking rate represented bulbar motor changes. Neuroanatomical assessment was performed using volumetric analyses focused on frontal lobe regions, postcentral gyrus, and occipital lobes as controls. Partial least square regressions (PLS) were used to predict behavioral (cognitive and speech rate) outcomes using volumetric measures. The data supported the overall hypothesis that distinct behavioral changes in cognition and speaking rate in ALS were related to specific regional neurostructural brain changes. These changes did not support a notion of a general dysexecutive syndrome in ALS. The observed specificity of behavior-brain changes can begin to provide a framework for subtyping of ALS. The data also support a more integrative framework for clinical assessment of frontal lobe functioning in ALS, which requires both behavioral testing and neuroimaging.

scholarly journals Rapid serial processing in patients with multiple sclerosis: The role of peripheral deficits

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 646-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANGELA M. BODLING ◽  
DOUGLAS R. DENNEY ◽  
SHARON G. LYNCH
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Progressive Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Stimulus Information ◽  
Serial Processing ◽  
Speed Of Information Processing ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Peripheral Motor

This study compared speed of information processing in patients with relapsing–remitting or secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) and healthy controls using the Stroop Test and a Picture Naming Test (PNT). While both tests evaluated processing speed within a format calling for rapid serial processing of stimulus information, the PNT included trials designed to impose greater verbal–motor and ocular–motor challenges by using novel rather than repeated pictures and by presenting the pictures in distributed locations rather than always centered on the screen. The results confirmed that a decrease in the speed of information processing is a key feature of the cognitive impairment occurring in conjunction with MS. When this feature is evaluated with tests requiring rapid serial processing of stimulus information, the contribution of peripheral motor deficits appears to be modest. (JINS, 2008, 14, 646–650.)

scholarly journals What Can the Temporal Structure of Auditory Perception Tell Us about Musical “Timelessness”?

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason D. K. Noble
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Auditory Perception ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Temporal Organization ◽  
Human Information Processing ◽  
Experience Of Time

“Timelessness” is an area of intense interest for many composers and authors interested in 20th- and 21st-century music, but it is not always clear exactly what the term denotes. In particular, the distinction between theinductionof timelessness (the listener’s subjective experience of time is altered or suspended by music) and theperceptionof timelessness (the listener recognizes that the music expresses altered or suspended time) has yet to be clarified. This paper argues that, while experiences of timelessness may beinducedby a wide variety of musics and are not necessarily contingent on specific musical qualities, theperceptionof musical timelessness involves relationships between music’s temporal organization and the temporal structure of auditory perception. Of particular interest are segmentation, sequence, pulse, meter, and repetition. Music whose temporal organization optimizes human information processing and embodiment expresses “human time,” and music whose temporal organization subverts or exceeds human information processing and embodiment points outside of human time, to timelessness. This hypothesis is illustrated with examples from the 20th-century repertoire by Truax, Ligeti, Crumb, Reich, Tenney, Messiaen, and Grisey, music that has been associated with timelessness.

scholarly journals Stimulus-selective lateral signaling between olfactory afferents enables parallel encoding of distinct CO2 dynamics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhruv Zocchi ◽  
Elizabeth J. Hong
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Neurotransmitter Release ◽  
Odorant Receptor ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Olfactory Receptor Neurons ◽  
Lateral Interactions ◽  
Presynaptic Release ◽  
Receptor Neurons ◽  
Parallel Encoding ◽  
Co2 Dynamics

AbstractAn important problem in sensory processing is how lateral interactions that mediate the integration of information across sensory channels function with respect to their stimulus tunings. We demonstrate a novel form of stimulus-selective crosstalk between olfactory channels that occurs between primary olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). Neurotransmitter release from ORNs can be driven by two distinct sources of excitation, feedforward activity derived from the odorant receptor and lateral input originating from specific subsets of other ORNs. Consequently, levels of presynaptic release can become dissociated from firing rate. Stimulus-selective lateral signaling results in the distributed representation of CO2, a behaviorally important environmental cue that elicits spiking in only a single ORN class, across multiple olfactory channels. Different CO2-responsive channels preferentially transmit distinct stimulus dynamics, thereby expanding the coding bandwidth for CO2. These results generalize to additional odors and olfactory channels, revealing a subnetwork of lateral interactions between ORNs that reshape the spatial and temporal structure of odor representations in a stimulus-specific manner.One Sentence SummaryA novel subnetwork of stimulus-selective lateral interactions between primary olfactory sensory neurons enables new sensory computations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document