scholarly journals Rapid serial processing in patients with multiple sclerosis: The role of peripheral deficits

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 646-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANGELA M. BODLING ◽  
DOUGLAS R. DENNEY ◽  
SHARON G. LYNCH
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Progressive Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Stimulus Information ◽  
Serial Processing ◽  
Speed Of Information Processing ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Peripheral Motor

This study compared speed of information processing in patients with relapsing–remitting or secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) and healthy controls using the Stroop Test and a Picture Naming Test (PNT). While both tests evaluated processing speed within a format calling for rapid serial processing of stimulus information, the PNT included trials designed to impose greater verbal–motor and ocular–motor challenges by using novel rather than repeated pictures and by presenting the pictures in distributed locations rather than always centered on the screen. The results confirmed that a decrease in the speed of information processing is a key feature of the cognitive impairment occurring in conjunction with MS. When this feature is evaluated with tests requiring rapid serial processing of stimulus information, the contribution of peripheral motor deficits appears to be modest. (JINS, 2008, 14, 646–650.)

Development of cladribine treatment in multiple sclerosis

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 343-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
JC Sipe ◽  
JS Romine ◽  
JA Koziol ◽  
R McMillan ◽  
J Zyroff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Progressive Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Type ◽  
Cns Demyelination

Cladribine is a new type of drug with properties of selective lymphocyte suppression that appear to favorably alter the clinical course of progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). The history of the development of cladribine treatment in chronic progressive MS is discussed, and the application of cladribine treatment to progressive multiple sclerosis in a double-blind, placebo crossover study is reviewed. Cladribine selectively targets both resting and dividing lymphocytes and may be able to destroy the activated lymphocytes that induce CNS demyelination, thus producing stabilization or improvement in chronic MS. Although the role of cladribine has not yet been fully defined, additional studies are underway to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cladribine in both progressive MS and relapsing-remitting MS.

Role of Demographic and Clinical Factors in Cognitive Functioning of Persons with Relapsing-Remitting and Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana L. Costa ◽  
John DeLuca ◽  
Brian M. Sandroff ◽  
Yael Goverover ◽  
Nancy D. Chiaravalloti
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Progressive Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Motor Functions ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Healthy Participants

AbstractBackground: Age and time post-diagnosis can significantly impact cognitive and motor functions in multiple sclerosis (MS); however, studies often fail to account for these factors when assessing differences between disease courses. Objectives: Examine differences between relapsing-remitting and progressive MS in cognition, motor function, and everyday activities, controlling for age, education, and time post-diagnosis. Methods: Twenty-one persons with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS group), 21 with progressive MS (PMS group), and 21 healthy participants (HCs), matched on age, education, and time post-diagnosis, completed tests of cognitive abilities, motor functions, and everyday functional activities. Results: The two groups with MS did not differ on cognitive performance. Poorer performance in processing speed was noted in both MS groups in comparison with the HC group. Motor function was worse for the PMS group compared with the HC and RRMS groups. The RRMS group showed poorer upper limb functioning compared to the HC group. The PMS group had more difficulty with everyday activities as compared with both the RRMS and HC group. Conclusions: When comparing differences in functioning between MS disease courses, attention should be paid to the demographic characteristics of the samples. (JINS, 2018, 24, 139–146)

Cognitive impairment in relapsing—remitting multiple sclerosis can be predicted by imaging performed several years earlier

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Summers ◽  
LK Fisniku ◽  
VM Anderson ◽  
DH Miller ◽  
L. Cipolotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Magnetization Transfer ◽  
Magnetization Transfer Ratio ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Significant Variance ◽  
Speed Of Information Processing ◽  
Relapsing Remitting

Cognitive deficits in multiple sclerosis (MS) are common and correlate with contemporary MRI brain abnormalities, particularly atrophy, but the ability of imaging early in the disease to predict later cognitive impairment remains to be determined. Thirty relapsing—remitting MS patients recruited within three years of the onset of the disease, and in whom MRI had been performed at baseline and a year later, were assessed neuropsychologically five years later. Imaging parameters accounting for significant variance in cognitive performance were identified using multiple regressions, once confounding variables were controlled. Patients performed significantly worse than expected on tests of attention/speed of information processing and half of them had experienced some decline in IQ in relation to premorbid estimates. The rate of global brain atrophy in the first year of the study accounted for significant variance in the overall cognitive performance, and in memory and attention/speed of information processing. Poor performance on attention tests was associated with high T1-weighted lesion volume and reduced magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) in normal-appearing white matter (NAWM). These results suggest that neuroaxonal loss was identified early in the disease, and its rate of progression, predicted cognitive impairment later in the disease. Neuroaxonal loss is likely to affect commissural and association fibres that subserve the cognitive processes impaired in MS. Multiple Sclerosis 2008; 14: 197—204. http://msj.sagepub.com

Myelin basic protein-like material in the urine of multiple sclerosis patients: relationships to clinical and neuroimaging changes

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
John N Whitaker
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Myelin Basic Protein ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Basic Protein ◽  
Progressive Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Cryptic Epitope ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Urinary myelin basic protein-like material (MBPLM) represents material which is cross-reactive with a cryptic epitope in peptide 84-89 of human myelin basic protein. While normally present at moderate levels in the adult, these levels rise higher in patients who have secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). The increase in urine MBPLM correlates with the burden of disease detected by T2-weighted cranial magnetic resonance imaging. There is no correlation between urinary MBPLM and acute disease activity in relapsing-remitting MS. The first major need for improving the clinical utility of measurements of MBPLM in urine in MS patients is to delineate its exact chemical features so that assays may be improved and a potential biological role of the MBPLM better understood. The second major task is to apply the group data accumulated and apply them to individual patients. This could prove to be means to individually direct treatment and determine its effectiveness.

scholarly journals Resolution of inflammation during multiple sclerosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 711-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ruiz ◽  
S. Vigne ◽  
C. Pot
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Progressive Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Resolution Of Inflammation ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Successful Resolution ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Inflammation Resolution

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a frequent autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). There are three clinical forms described: relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), the most common initial presentation (85%) among which, if not treated, about half will transform, into the secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) and the primary progressive MS (PPMS) (15%) that is directly progressive without superimposed clinical relapses. Inflammation is present in all subsets of MS. The relapsing/remitting form could represent itself a particular interest for the study of inflammation resolution even though it remains incomplete in MS. Successful resolution of acute inflammation is a highly regulated process and dependent on mechanisms engaged early in the inflammatory response that are scarcely studied in MS. Moreover, recent classes of disease-modifying treatment (DMTs) that are effective against RRMS act by re-establishing the inflammatory imbalance, taking advantage of the pre-existing endogenous suppressor. In this review, we will discuss the active role of regulatory immune cells in inflammation resolution as well as the role of tissue and non-hematopoietic cells as contributors to inflammation resolution. Finally, we will explore how DMTs, more specifically induction therapies, impact the resolution of inflammation during MS.

Interferon β therapy increases serum ferritin levels in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 857-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Sena ◽  
R Pedrosa ◽  
V Ferret-Sena ◽  
MJ Cascais ◽  
R Roque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Progressive Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Interferon Β ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Immunomodulatory Therapies ◽  
Age And Sex

Serum ferritin levels have been found to be increased in patients with active progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). However, its levels are reported to be unchanged in stable and in active relapsing-remitting (RR) form of the disease. No research to date has assessed the influence of interferon β (IFN-β) on ferritin concentrations. In this study, serum ferritin levels were measured in 43 individuals with RR-MS and 38 age- and sex-matched control volunteers. There were no significant differences between controls and patients under stable and untreated conditions. In patients at 12 months after the beginning of IFN-β therapy, ferritin levels were higher in women and in men, in comparison with baseline (71.4 ± 58.6 vs 43.4 ± 29.9 ng/mL, P = 0.0006 and 216.0 ± 124.3 vs 127.8 ± 74.9 ng/mL, P = 0.0022, respectively). These results suggest that larger prospective studies are required to evaluate the role of serum ferritin in MS and its potential usefulness in monitoring responses to immunomodulatory therapies.

Cognition in Early Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: Consequences May Be Relative to Working Memory

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 938-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay I. Berrigan ◽  
Jo-Anne LeFevre ◽  
Laura M. Rees ◽  
Jason Berard ◽  
Mark S. Freedman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Disease Stages

AbstractThe Relative Consequence Model proposes multiple sclerosis (MS) patients have a fundamental deficit in processing speed that compromises other cognitive functions. The present study examined the mediating role of processing speed, as well as working memory, in the MS-related effects on other cognitive functions for early relapsing-remitting patients. Seventy relapsing-remitting MS patients with disease duration not greater than 10 years and 72 controls completed tasks assessing processing speed, working memory, learning, and executive functioning. The possible mediating roles of speed and working memory in the MS-related effects on other cognitive functions were evaluated using structural equation modeling. Processing speed was not significantly related to group membership and could not have a mediating role. Working memory was related to group membership and functioned as a mediating/intervening factor. The results do not support the Relative Consequence Model in this sample and they challenge the notion that working memory impairment only emerges at later disease stages. The results do support a mediating/intervening role of working memory. These results were obtained for early relapsing-remitting MS patients and should not be generalized to the broader MS population. Instead, future research should examine the relations that exist at other disease stages. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–12)

Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibition in the treatment of preclinical models and multiple sclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Steinmaurer ◽  
Isabella Wimmer ◽  
Thomas Berger ◽  
Paulus Stefan Rommer ◽  
Johann Sellner
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Bruton’S Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Relapsing Remitting

: Significant progress has been made in understanding the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) over recent years. Successful clinical trials with CD20-depleting monoclonal antibodies have corroborated the fundamental role of B cells in the pathogenesis of MS and reinforced the notion that cells of the B cell lineage are an attractive treatment target. Therapeutic inhibition of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), an enzyme involved in B cell and myeloid cell activation and function, is regarded as a next-generation approach that aims to attenuate both errant innate and adaptive immune functions. Moreover, brain-penetrant BTK inhibitors may impact compartmentalized inflammation and neurodegeneration within the central nervous system by targeting brain-resident B cells and microglia, respectively. Preclinical studies in animal models of MS corroborated an impact of BTK inhibition on meningeal inflammation and cortical demyelination. Notably, BTK inhibition attenuated the antigen-presenting capacity of B cells and the generation of encephalitogenic T cells. Evobrutinib, a selective oral BTK inhibitor, has been tested recently in a phase 2 study of patients with relapsing-remitting MS. The study met the primary endpoint of a significantly reduced cumulative number of Gadolinium-enhancing lesions under treatment with evobrutinib compared to placebo treatment. Thus, the results of ongoing phase 2 and 3 studies with evobrutinib, fenobrutinib, and tolebrutinib in relapsing-remitting and progressive MS are eagerly awaited. This review article introduces the physiological role of BTK, summarizes the pre-clinical and trial evidence, and addresses the potential beneficial effects of BTK inhibition in MS.

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