scholarly journals Hemagglutination by B. fragilis is mediated by capsular polysaccharides and is influenced by host ABO blood type

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen L. Arnolds ◽  
Nancy Moreno-Huizar ◽  
Maggie A. Stanislawski ◽  
Brent Palmer ◽  
Catherine Lozupone
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharides ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Cell Components ◽  
Abo Blood Type

Bacterial hemagglutination of red blood cells (RBCs) is mediated by interactions between bacterial cell components and RBC envelope glycans that vary across individuals by ABO blood type. ABO glycans are also expressed on intestinal epithelial cells and in most individuals secreted into the intestinal mucosa, indicating that hemagglutination by bacteria may be informative about bacteria-host interactions in the intestine. Bacteroides fragilis, a prominent member of the human gut microbiota, can hemagglutinate RBCs by an unknown mechanism. Using a novel technology for quantifying bacterial hemagglutination, genetic knockout strains of B. fragilis and blocking antiserums, we demonstrate that the capsular polysaccharides of B. fragilis, polysaccharide B (PSB), and PSC are both strong hemagglutinins. Furthermore, the capacity of B. fragilis to hemagglutinate was much stronger in individuals with Type O blood compared to Types A and B, an adaptation that could impact the capacity of B. fragilis to colonize and thrive in the host.Importance StatementThis study found that the human pathobiont, B. fragilis, hemagglutinates human red blood cells using specific capsular polysaccharides (PSB and PSC) which are known to be important for interacting with and influencing host immune responses. Because the factors found on red blood cells are also abundantly expressed on other tissues and in the mucous, the ability to hemagglutinate sheds light on interactions between bacteria and host throughout the body. Intriguingly, the strength of hemagglutination varied based on the ABO blood type of the host, a finding which could have implications for understanding if an individual’s blood type may influence interactions with B. fragilis and its potential as a pathogen versus a commensal.

scholarly journals Oxidation of intracellular glutathione after exposure of human red blood cells to hypochlorous acid

1995 ◽  
Vol 307 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
M C M Vissers ◽  
C C Winterbourn
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Hypochlorous Acid ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Red Cell Membrane ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Cell Components ◽  
Slow Infusion ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Selective Process

Exposure of human red blood cells to low doses of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) resulted in the loss of intracellular GSH. Oxidation occurred less than 2 min after the addition of HOCl, and required approx. 2.5 mol of HOCl per mol of GSH lost. Loss of GSH preceded oxidation of membrane thiols, the formation of chloramines and haemoglobin oxidation. The susceptibility of intracellular GSH to oxidation by HOCl was two-thirds that of GSH in cell lysates. These results indicate that HOCl can penetrate the red cell membrane, which provides little barrier protection for cytoplasmic components, and that GSH oxidation by HOCl may be a highly selective process. Virtually all of the GSH lost was converted into GSSG. If glucose was added to the medium, most of the GSH oxidized by low doses of HOCl was rapidly regenerated. At higher doses, recovery was less efficient. However, when HOCl was added as a slow infusion rather than in a single bolus, there was increased recovery at higher doses. This indicates that in metabolically active cells regeneration is rapid and GSH may protect cell components from damage by HOCl. HOCl-induced lysis was only slightly delayed by adding glucose to the medium, indicating that lytic injury is not ameliorated by GSH.

scholarly journals Perancangan Alat Pendeteksi Golongan Darah dan Rhesus dengan Menggunakan Mikrokontroler Arduino Mega 2560

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
Hadi Syahputra ◽  
Sepsa Nur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Sample ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Agglutination Reaction ◽  
Light Sensor ◽  
Group Detection ◽  
Abo Blood Type

The aim of the research is to design the tools used to detect and determine blood type. Blood and rhesus group detection can usually be done manually through a process of testing red blood cells with antisera (serum) to see if blood that has been given antisera (serum) occurs agglutination (agglutination) or non-agglutination (not clot). In this study, blood type and rhesus detection was designed electronically using ABO blood type and Rhesus system. It is designed using three pairs of light sensor, LED sensor as transmitter and Photodioda as receiver, comparator circuit and arduino mega 2560 microcontroller. Agglutination sensor or non-agglutination reaction of blood sample mixed with antisera. Next, it sends the voltage to be conditioned by the comparator circuit then sent to the microcontroller for processing and the blood type and rhesus readings will be displayed on the LCD screen.

scholarly journals Transbilayer distribution and mobility of phosphatidylinositol in human red blood cells.

1990 ◽  
Vol 265 (27) ◽  
pp. 16035-16038 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Bütikofer ◽  
Z W Lin ◽  
D T Chiu ◽  
B Lubin ◽  
F A Kuypers
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells

scholarly journals Rhythmic glucose metabolism regulates the redox circadian clockwork in human red blood cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratnasekhar Ch ◽  
Guillaume Rey ◽  
Sandipan Ray ◽  
Pawan K. Jha ◽  
Paul C. Driscoll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Metabolic Flux ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Integral Process ◽  
Metabolic Oscillations ◽  
Human Rbcs

AbstractCircadian clocks coordinate mammalian behavior and physiology enabling organisms to anticipate 24-hour cycles. Transcription-translation feedback loops are thought to drive these clocks in most of mammalian cells. However, red blood cells (RBCs), which do not contain a nucleus, and cannot perform transcription or translation, nonetheless exhibit circadian redox rhythms. Here we show human RBCs display circadian regulation of glucose metabolism, which is required to sustain daily redox oscillations. We found daily rhythms of metabolite levels and flux through glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). We show that inhibition of critical enzymes in either pathway abolished 24-hour rhythms in metabolic flux and redox oscillations, and determined that metabolic oscillations are necessary for redox rhythmicity. Furthermore, metabolic flux rhythms also occur in nucleated cells, and persist when the core transcriptional circadian clockwork is absent in Bmal1 knockouts. Thus, we propose that rhythmic glucose metabolism is an integral process in circadian rhythms.

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