scholarly journals Sensory experience selectively reorganizes the late component of evoked responses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Bermudez-Contreras ◽  
Andrea Gomez-Palacio Schjetnan ◽  
Artur Luczak ◽  
Majid H. Mohajerani
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
Cortical Activity ◽  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Spatiotemporal Patterns ◽  
Late Response ◽  
Late Component ◽  
Stimulus Perception ◽  
Evoked Activity

AbstractIn response to sensory stimulation, the cortex exhibits an early transient response followed by a late and slower activation pattern. Recent studies suggest that the early component represents features of the stimulus while the late component is associated with stimulus perception. In this work we study how patterns of evoked activity are modified by experience at meso and microcircuit scales using voltage and extracellular glutamate transient recordings over widespread regions of mice dorsal neocortex or single-unit activity recordings with multi-shank silicon probes in rat cortex. We find that repeated tactile or auditory stimulation selectively modifies the spatiotemporal patterns of activity mainly of the late evoked response at the mesoscale and microcircuit levels. This modification results not only in an increase in amplitude of the late response, but also in an increased similarity between the spatiotemporal patterns of the early and late evoked activity across trials. These changes are only present in the sensory area corresponding to the modality that received the repeated stimulation and they persisted up to one hour. Thus, this selective long-lasting spatiotemporal modification of the cortical activity patterns provides new insights about how perception-related cortical activity changes with sensory experience at multiple scales.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal structure of sensory-evoked and spontaneous activity revealed by mesoscale imaging in anesthetized and awake mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navvab Afrashteh ◽  
Samsoon Inayat ◽  
Edgar Bermudez Contreras ◽  
Artur Luczak ◽  
Bruce L. McNaughton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Evoked Responses ◽  
Evoked Activity ◽  
Cortical Regions ◽  
The One ◽  
Sensory Evoked

AbstractBrain activity propagates across the cortex in diverse spatiotemporal patterns, both as a response to sensory stimulation and during spontaneous activity. Despite been extensively studied, the relationship between the characteristics of such patterns during spontaneous and evoked activity is not completely understood. To investigate this relationship, we compared visual, auditory, and tactile evoked activity patterns elicited with different stimulus strengths and spontaneous activity motifs in lightly anesthetized and awake mice using mesoscale wide-field voltage-sensitive dye and glutamate imaging respectively. The characteristics of cortical activity that we compared include amplitude, speed, direction, and complexity of propagation trajectories in spontaneous and evoked activity patterns. We found that the complexity of the propagation trajectories of spontaneous activity, quantified as their fractal dimension, is higher than the one from sensory evoked responses. Moreover, the speed and direction of propagation, are modulated by the amplitude during both, spontaneous and evoked activity. Finally, we found that spontaneous activity had similar amplitude and speed when compared to evoked activity elicited with low stimulus strengths. However, this similarity gradually decreased when the strength of stimuli eliciting evoked responses increased. Altogether, these findings are consistent with the fact that even primary sensory areas receive widespread inputs from other cortical regions, and that, during rest, the cortex tends to reactivate traces of complex, multi-sensory experiences that may have occurred in a range of different behavioural contexts.

scholarly journals Sodium-Calcium Exchanger Mediates Sensory-Evoked Glial Calcium Transients in the Developing Retinotectal System

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas J. Benfey ◽  
Vanessa J. Li ◽  
Anne Schohl ◽  
Edward S. Ruthazer
Keyword(s):  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
Calcium Transients ◽  
Evoked Responses ◽  
Sodium Calcium Exchanger ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Evoked Activity ◽  
Sensory Evoked

AbstractVarious types of sensory stimuli have been shown to induce calcium elevations in glia. However, a mechanistic understanding of the signalling pathways mediating sensory-evoked activity in glia in intact animals is still emerging. Here we demonstrate that during early development of the Xenopus laevis visual system, radial astrocytes in the optic tectum are highly responsive to sensory stimulation. Calcium transients occur spontaneously in radial astrocytes at rest and are abolished by silencing neuronal activity with tetrodotoxin. Visual stimulation drives temporally correlated increases in the activity patterns of neighbouring radial astrocytes. Following blockade of all glutamate receptors, visually-evoked calcium activity in radial astrocytes is enhanced, rather than suppressed, while the additional blockade of either glutamate transporters or sodium-calcium exchangers (NCX) fully prevents visually-evoked responses. Additionally, we demonstrate that blockade of NCX alone is sufficient to prevent visually-evoked responses in radial astrocytes, highlighting a pivotal role for NCX in glia during development.

scholarly journals Pyramidal cell types drive functionally distinct cortical activity patterns during decision-making

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Musall ◽  
Xiaonan Richard Sun ◽  
Hemanth Mohan ◽  
Xu An ◽  
Steven Gluf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cortical Activity ◽  
Projection Neurons ◽  
Cortical Circuits ◽  
Cortical Dynamics ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Cell Type Specific

To understand how cortical circuits generate complex behavior, it is crucial to investigate the cell types that comprise them. Functional differences across pyramidal neuron (PyN) types have been observed in sensory and frontal cortex, but it is not known whether these differences are the rule across all cortical areas or if different PyN types mostly follow the same cortex-wide dynamics. We used genetic and retrograde labeling to target pyramidal tract (PT), intratelencephalic (IT) and corticostriatal projection neurons and measured their cortex-wide activity. Each PyN type drove unique neural dynamics at a cortex-wide and within-area scale. Cortical activity and optogenetic inactivation during an auditory discrimination task also revealed distinct functional roles: all PyNs in parietal cortex were recruited during sensory stimulation but, surprisingly, PT neurons were most important for perception. In frontal cortex, all PyNs were required for accurate choices but showed distinct choice-tuning. Our results reveal that rich, cell-type-specific cortical dynamics shape perceptual decisions.

scholarly journals Nasal Chemosensory-Stimulation Evoked Activity Patterns in the Rat Trigeminal Ganglion Visualized by In Vivo Voltage-Sensitive Dye Imaging

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. e26158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Rothermel ◽  
Benedict Shien Wei Ng ◽  
Agnieszka Grabska-Barwińska ◽  
Hanns Hatt ◽  
Dirk Jancke
Keyword(s):  
Trigeminal Ganglion ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Voltage Sensitive Dye ◽  
Evoked Activity ◽  
Voltage Sensitive Dye Imaging

scholarly journals Bottom-up saliency and top-down learning in the primary visual cortex of monkeys

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (41) ◽  
pp. 10499-10504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin Yan ◽  
Li Zhaoping ◽  
Wu Li
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Late Response ◽  
Late Component ◽  
Neuronal Responses ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Response Component ◽  
Orientation Contrast

Early sensory cortex is better known for representing sensory inputs but less for the effect of its responses on behavior. Here we explore the behavioral correlates of neuronal responses in primary visual cortex (V1) in a task to detect a uniquely oriented bar—the orientation singleton—in a background of uniformly oriented bars. This singleton is salient or inconspicuous when the orientation contrast between the singleton and background bars is sufficiently large or small, respectively. Using implanted microelectrodes, we measured V1 activities while monkeys were trained to quickly saccade to the singleton. A neuron’s responses to the singleton within its receptive field had an early and a late component, both increased with the orientation contrast. The early component started from the outset of neuronal responses; it remained unchanged before and after training on the singleton detection. The late component started ∼40 ms after the early one; it emerged and evolved with practicing the detection task. Training increased the behavioral accuracy and speed of singleton detection and increased the amount of information in the late response component about a singleton’s presence or absence. Furthermore, for a given singleton, faster detection performance was associated with higher V1 responses; training increased this behavioral–neural correlate in the early V1 responses but decreased it in the late V1 responses. Therefore, V1’s early responses are directly linked with behavior and represent the bottom-up saliency signals. Learning strengthens this link, likely serving as the basis for making the detection task more reflexive and less top-down driven.

scholarly journals Long-lasting impact of starvation experience on fly activity and place preference

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepthi Mahishi ◽  
Tilman Triphan ◽  
Ricarda Hesse ◽  
Wolf Huetteroth
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
Place Preference ◽  
Substrate Layer ◽  
Hunger Motivation ◽  
Internal States ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Integration Strategies

AbstractAnimal behaviours are demonstrably governed by sensory stimulation, previous experience and internal states like hunger. With increasing hunger, priorities shift towards foraging and feeding. During foraging, flies are known to employ efficient path integration strategies. However, general long-term activity patterns for both hungry and satiated flies in conditions of foraging remain to be better understood. Similarly, little is known about how chronic contact chemosensory stimulation affects locomotion. To address these questions, we have developed a novel, simplistic fly activity tracking setup – the Panopticon. Using a 3D-printed Petri dish inset, our assay allows recording of walking behaviour, of several flies in parallel, with all arena surfaces covered by a uniform substrate layer. We tested two constellations of providing food: i) in single patches, and ii) omnipresent within the substrate layer. Fly tracking is done with FIJI, further assessment, analysis and presentation is done with a custom-built MATLAB analysis framework. We find that starvation history leads to a long-lasting reduction in locomotion, as well as a delayed place preference for food patches not driven by immediate hunger motivation.

scholarly journals Cortical activity patterns predict speech discrimination ability

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 603-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Crystal T Engineer ◽  
Claudia A Perez ◽  
YeTing H Chen ◽  
Ryan S Carraway ◽  
Amanda C Reed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Cortical Activity ◽  
Speech Discrimination ◽  
Discrimination Ability

Development of metabolic activity patterns in the somatosensory cortex of cats

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 2117-2127 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Juliano ◽  
R. A. Code ◽  
M. Tommerdahl ◽  
D. E. Eslin
Keyword(s):  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Small Spot ◽  
Cortical Responses ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Evoked Activity ◽  
The Individual

1. The development of cortical responses to somatic stimulation was studied in kittens 2-5 wk of age using the 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) technique. During the 2DG experiment each kitten received an innocuous intermittent vertical displacement stimulus to the forepaw. 2. The pattern of metabolic activity was substantially different in young animals compared with adults. In the individual autoradiographs of the 2-wk-old kittens stimulus-evoked 2DG uptake in primary somatosensory cortex was localized to a small spot in the upper portion of the cortex, whereas in the adult the label extended vertically through the cortical layers and appeared more column-like. Individual patches of label were substantially smaller and less dense in young animals. Over a period of several weeks the evoked activity evolved to the more extensive adult pattern. The 2DG uptake displayed a mature distribution by approximately 4-5 wk of age. During this period, the cortical architecture also evolved from an immature to a mature arrangement. 3. The evoked activity was reconstructed into two-dimensional maps; the distribution of label > or = 1.5 SD above background was considered to be stimulus related. In the adult, the pattern appeared as a strip or strips of increased metabolic activity that extended in the rostrocaudal direction for approximately 1 mm. In contrast, the activity pattern in animals 2-4 wk old was less discretely organized into "strips" and was more diffusely spread over several mms of somatosensory cortex. The two-dimensional pattern gradually coalesced into a more localized strip by approximately 4-5 wk of age. Although the pattern of label was more widespread in the young animals, the absolute distance of the spread of activity did not vary substantially, regardless of the age of the animal. 4. Other measurements regarding the distribution of activity at different ages indicate that the amount of cortex activated increases in absolute terms, although the percent of cortex activated by the stimulus decreases. The overall intensity of the 2DG uptake as measured on the two-dimensional maps increases with age, as does the variability of the 2DG uptake; a wider range of intensity values is seen in the adult. Plots created from the individual two-dimensional reconstructions allowed a measure of "patch strength" at different ages. These histograms relate the most intense region of uptake in a given map to the spatial distribution of activity spreading in the medial and lateral directions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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