scholarly journals Electrical Propagation of Condensed and Diffuse Ions Along Actin Filaments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Hunley ◽  
Marcelo Marucho
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Actin Filaments ◽  
Electric Circuit ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Propagation Mechanism ◽  
Electrical Transmission ◽  
Condensed Layer ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Ionic Calcium ◽  
Diffuse Layers

In this article, we elucidate the role of divalent ion condensation and high polarization of immobile water molecules in the condensed layer on the propagation of ionic calcium waves along actin filaments. We introduced a novel electrical triple layer model and used a non-linear Debye-Huckel theory with a non-linear, dissipative, electrical transmission line model to characterize the physicochemical properties of each monomer in the filament. This characterization is carried out in terms of an electric circuit model containing monomeric flow resistances and ionic capacitances in both the condensed and diffuse layers. In our studies, we characterized the biocylindrical actin filament model using a high resolution molecular structure. We considered resting and excited states of a neuron using representative mono and divalent electrolyte mixtures. Additionally, we used 0.05V and 0.15V voltage inputs to study ionic waves in voltage clamp experiments on actin filaments. Our results reveal that the physicochemical properties characterizing the condensed and diffuse layers lead to different electrical conduction mediums depending on the ionic species and the neuron state. This region specific propagation mechanism provides a more realistic avenue of delivery by way of cytoskeleton filaments for larger charged cationic species. This new direct path for transporting divalent ions might be crucial for many electrical processes that connect different compartments of the neuron to the soma.

scholarly journals Parallel Connected Multi-DSTATCOM for Power Quality Improvement in Distribution System

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9S3) ◽  
pp. 359-364
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Power Quality ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Control Logic ◽  
Electrical Transmission ◽  
Linear Type ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Power Quality Improvement

Sending power with good quality is the main objective of electrical transmission system. The load nature, in particular non-linear loads, makes the current at the point of common coupling (PCC) to include harmonics which further affects the other loads connected at PCC. Power quality improvement and management is an important study for the enhancement of electrical transmission and distribution systems to enrich the quality of power delivered at the utilization point. DSTATCOM is one among the FACTS controllers to improve the power quality by nullifying the effect of harmonics at PCC. This paper presents the analysis of dual DSTATCOM topology. In this each DSTATCOM is burdened such that the total compensating currents is shared between the two. Dual STATCOM topology is tested and the result analysis is shown with varying non-linear type loading conditions. Dual DSTATCOM is controlled using Instantaneous Reactive Power theory control logic. Parallel DSTATCOM has the advantage of reduction of switch rating and switching losses. The simulation work is carried out using Matlab/Simulink software

Characterization of actin, actinin, and myosin isolated from Physarum

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 750-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadashi Hatano ◽  
Katsushi Owaribe ◽  
Fumio Matsumura ◽  
Takayuki Hasegawa ◽  
Sho Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Actin Filaments ◽  
Actin Polymerization ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Motive Force ◽  
Protoplasmic Streaming ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Our work on actin and myosin from Physarum is briefly reviewed, and the physicochemical properties of these proteins are compared with those of the corresponding proteins obtained from rabbit striated muscle. In this article both similarities and differences between these preparations are emphasized in order to characterize the Physarum actomyosin system. Some properties of Physarum actinin, a regulatory protein of actin polymerization, are also reported. Finally, the assembly and disassembly of F-actin filaments in the reversible superprecipitation of Physarum actomyosin are demonstrated. The mechanism of generation of the motive force for protoplasmic streaming in plasmodium is discussed in the light of these findings.

The Response of a Non-Linear Electric Circuit to an Impulse

1936 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Nuttall ◽  
D. R. Hartree ◽  
A. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Electric Circuit ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Instrumental Error ◽  
Recording Apparatus ◽  
Current Characteristic ◽  
Test Circuit ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Voltage Current Characteristic ◽  
Spurious Effect ◽  
Linear Voltage

Some apparent anomalies in oscillograms obtained in the course of electrical impulse tests of a material used in the construction of lightning arresters have led to a fuller investigation of the behaviour of the test circuit as applied to the study of a material with a non-linear voltage-current characteristic.This investigation has been carried out by evaluation of solutions of the equations of a simplified form of the circuit numerically and by means of the differential analyser, and by further oscillograms taken under conditions suggested by the behaviour of these solutions.The apparent anomalies which originally gave rise to the investigation have been shown to be a real feature of the response of the circuit, and not a spurious effect due to the recording apparatus, and the study of the initial response of the circuit to the impulse leads to the interpretation of another feature of the oscillographic records which had been previously regarded as an instrumental error.

Assessment of d.c. traction stray currents effects on nearby pipelines

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 1468-1477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Machczynski ◽  
Krzysztof Budnik ◽  
Jan Szymenderski
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Electric Circuit ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Electrode Kinetics ◽  
Polarization Phenomenon ◽  
Electrical Equivalent Circuit ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Method Of Calculation ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Lumped Parameters

Purpose – dc electrified traction systems are a potential source of stray currents. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the harmful effects (electrolytic corrosion) that an electrified railway has on nearby earth return circuits (e.g. pipelines). Design/methodology/approach – The electric circuit approach, based on the earth return circuit theory, to model stray currents interference on extended structures is presented. An exact method of calculation is applicable to any dc railway system in which tracks can be represented by a single earth-return circuit (equivalent rail) with current energization. In the approximate method, the equivalent rail with current energization is modeled as a large multinode electrical equivalent circuit with lumped parameters. The circuit is a chain of basic circuits, which are equivalents of homogenous sections of the rail. The electrode kinetics (polarization phenomenon) is taken into account in the model developed. Findings – Formulas in partially closed forms are derived applicable to the analysis of currents and potentials along a pipeline laid in the proximity with railway tracks. The attempt is undertaken, to incorporate the electrode kinetics into the simulation model in which the polarization phenomenon (Tafel equation) is modeled by a non-linear voltage source with source voltage being iteratively calculated. The polarization potential along the affected pipeline can be determined. Originality/value – The pipeline electrochemical response (polarization behavior – non-linear phenomenon on the interface metal-soil electrolyte) to the dc stray currents interference is innovative incorporated into the simulation model with lumped parameters using the iterative process.

Effect of the non-linear membrane potential on the migration of ionic species in concrete

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 2761-2769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Lizarazo Marriaga ◽  
Peter Claisse
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Non Linear

scholarly journals Research and Development of Zincoborates: Crystal Growth, Structural Chemistry and Physicochemical Properties

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (15) ◽  
pp. 2763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanna Chen ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Miriding Mutailipu ◽  
Kenneth Poeppelmeier ◽  
Shilie Pan
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Optical Materials ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Nlo Materials ◽  
Functional Regulation ◽  
Linear Optical ◽  
Zinc Cations ◽  
Anionic Groups

Borates have been regarded as a rich source of functional materials due to their diverse structures and wide applications. Therein, zincobrates have aroused intensive interest owing to the effective structural and functional regulation effects of the strong-bonded zinc cations. In recent decades, numerous zincoborates with special crystal structures were obtained, such as Cs3Zn6B9O21 and AZn2BO3X2 (A = Na, K, Rb, NH4; X = Cl, Br) series with KBe2BO3F2-type layered structures were designed via substituting Be with Zn atoms, providing a feasible strategy to design promising non-linear optical materials; KZnB3O6 and Ba4Na2Zn4(B3O6)2(B12O24) with novel edge-sharing [BO4]5− tetrahedra were obtained under atmospheric pressure conditions, indicating that extreme conditions such as high pressure are not essential to obtain edge-sharing [BO4]5−-containing borates; Ba4K2Zn5(B3O6)3(B9O19) and Ba2KZn3(B3O6)(B6O13) comprise two kinds of isolated polyborate anionic groups in one borate structure, which is rarely found in borates. Besides, many zincoborates emerged with particular physicochemical properties; for instance, Bi2ZnOB2O6 and BaZnBO3F are promising non-linear optical (NLO) materials; Zn4B6O13 and KZnB3O6 possess anomalous thermal expansion properties, etc. In this review, the synthesis, crystal structure features and properties of representative zincoborates are summarized, which could provide significant guidance for the exploration and design of new zincoborates with special structures and excellent performance.

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