scholarly journals Variation in female songbird state determines signal state needed to evoke copulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ammon Perkes ◽  
Bernd Pfrommer ◽  
Kostas Daniilidis ◽  
David White ◽  
Marc F Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Internal State ◽  
Molothrus Ater ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Onset Latency ◽  
Female Response ◽  
Signal Features ◽  
Courtship Success ◽  
Male Displays ◽  
Female Mating Preferences ◽  
Male Signals

It is the female response to male signals that determines courtship success. In most songbirds, females control reproduction via the copulation solicitation display (CSD), an innate, stereotyped posture produced in direct response to male displays. Because CSD can be elicited in the absence of males by the presentation of recorded song, CSD production enables investigations into the effects of underlying signal features and behavioral state on female mating preferences. Using computer vision to quantify CSD trajectory in female brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater), we show that both song quality and a female's internal state predict CSD production, as well as the onset latency and duration of the display. We also show that CSD can be produced in a graded fashion based on both signal strength and internal state. These results emphasize the importance of underlying receiver state in determining behavioral responses and suggest that female responsiveness acts in conjunction with male signal strength to determine the efficacy of male courtship.

Computer Animations as a Tool in the Study of Mating Preferences

Behaviour ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 135 (8) ◽  
pp. 1137-1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theo Bakker ◽  
Reto Künzler
Keyword(s):  
Computer Animation ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Mating Preferences ◽  
Computer Animations ◽  
Female Mating ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Female Mating Preferences ◽  
Male Signals ◽  
Multiple Male

AbstractThe study of multiple female mating preferences and multiple male signals requires correct and precise measurement of preferences. A review is given of existing preference test paradigms. Non-interactive preference tests using computer animations perfectly fulfil the demands for the study of multiple preferences for visual traits: exclusion of confounding variables, exclusion of variation within and between male pairs, great potential of experimental manipulation of single and combinations of visual traits including behaviour. We give a detailed description for the production of computer animation movies based on commercial software. Finally, we show how computer animations can be properly applied to the testing of mating preferences. In sticklebacks, female mating preferences that were tested in this way agreed with preferences that were measured with other test paradigms.

Differential Activation to Faces, Degraded Faces, and Their Inverted Counterparts

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 240-240
Author(s):  
K Linkenkaer-Hansen ◽  
M Sams ◽  
J K Hietanen ◽  
R J Ilmoniemi
Keyword(s):  
Face Processing ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Signal Amplitude ◽  
Evoked Responses ◽  
Peak Activity ◽  
Onset Latency ◽  
Face Images ◽  
The Face ◽  
Eeg Recordings ◽  
Increased Activity

We investigated electrophysiological correlates of activation to faces, pointillised faces (degraded to a degree still allowing face perception), and their inverted counterparts. Evoked magnetic fields to the four stimulus categories were recorded by 122-channel magnetoencephalography (MEG) in six subjects. Simultaneously recorded 64-channel EEG provided visual evoked potentials in four subjects. Analysis of the onset, peak latencies, and the signal strength of the face enhanced N170 response indicated the following. (1) In general, the MEG and EEG recordings supported each other. (2) Degrading the images delayed both the onset and peak latencies. Degrading the upright faces increased activity in some subjects, but activity to the degraded inverted faces was lower in all subjects. (3) Inversion delayed the onset latency of both the original and degraded faces by 4 – 10 ms on average. A similar shift was found for the peak latency of the inverted original face images. However, their pointillised counterparts peaked on average 26 ms later when inverted. The signal amplitude also reflected a differential effect of inverting original vs degraded faces; whereas original faces evoked larger responses in all six subjects, the signal to inverted degraded faces decreased in four subjects. The findings suggest that the analysis of both the onset (100 – 120 ms) and peak activity (150 – 170 ms) is important for understanding face processing. The effect of inversion on the evoked responses was found to be different for the original and pointillised faces.

Effect of mating on female phonotactic response in Gryllus integer (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 1263-1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Lickman ◽  
Anne-Marie Murray ◽  
William H Cade
Keyword(s):  
Single Stimulus ◽  
Field Cricket ◽  
Mating Status ◽  
Mating Preferences ◽  
Female Response ◽  
Mating History ◽  
Directional Movement ◽  
Male Calling ◽  
Female Mating Preferences ◽  
Gryllus Integer

Little work has examined the importance of the variation in mating preferences shown by individual females in a population. In acoustical insects, female response in terms of orientation and movement towards the male calling song is one aspect of female mating preferences. In this study, the effects of mating status on female phonotactic responses in the field cricket, Gryllus integer, were investigated. All test subjects were 10-14 days old and varied in their pretrial mating history. Mated females had copulated 24 h prior to testing. Virgin females, however, had visual, olfactory, and acoustical exposure to males during the pretrial matings of the mated females. Phonotactic responses were measured using a noncompensating treadmill called the kugel. Females were presented with simulated conspecific calling songs differing in trill length in either choice or no-choice protocols. Virgin females exhibited greater overall movement than mated females as well as increased directional movement in multi-stimulus presentations but not in single-stimulus presentations. Neither virgin nor mated females differentiated between the two songs differing in trill length. The data demonstrate that female G. integer phonotaxis is influenced, in part, by both mating status and the availability of mates.

scholarly journals Acquisition and Tracking of Galileo IOV E5 Signals: Experimental Results and Performance Evaluation

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Margaria ◽  
Maurizio Fantino ◽  
Luciano Musumeci
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Received Signal Strength ◽  
Signal Acquisition ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Modulation Format ◽  
Navigation Data ◽  
Interface Control ◽  
Signal Features ◽  
And Performance

Abstract An assessment of the Galileo In-Orbit Validation (IOV) signals on the E5 band is presented in this paper, investigating the signal features compared with the expected characteristics as described in the Galileo Interface Control Document (ICD) specifications. In detail, the results in terms of signal acquisition and tracking during multiple satellite passes are discussed, providing also a description of the experimental setup used in order to separately receive and process E5a and E5b signals. The analysis covers the received signal strength versus the satellite elevation, the modulation format, and the presence of navigation data and secondary code chips. Since at time of writing both the two Galileo IOV satellites (PFM and FM2) are broadcasting E5 signals, the results obtained processing their E5a and E5b signals are discussed. In addition, these signals are also compared with those currently transmitted by the two experimental Galileo satellites, GIOVE-A and GIOVE-B.

German Internal State Language Questionnaire

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Kristen ◽  
Beate Sodian ◽  
Maria Licata ◽  
Claudia Thoermer ◽  
Diane Poulin‐Dubois
Keyword(s):  
Internal State ◽  
Internal State Language ◽  
State Language

Probabilistic evaluation of detection capability of eddy current testing to inspect pitting on a stainless steel clad using multiple signal features

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Takuma Tomizawa ◽  
Haicheng Song ◽  
Noritaka Yusa
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Eddy Current ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Eddy Current Testing ◽  
Probability Of Detection ◽  
Current Testing ◽  
Multiple Signal ◽  
Signal Features ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Drill Holes

This study proposes a probability of detection (POD) model to quantitatively evaluate the capability of eddy current testing to detect flaws on the inner surface of pressure vessels cladded by stainless steel and in the presence of high noise level. Welded plate samples with drill holes were prepared to simulate corrosion that typically appears on the inner surface of large-scale pressure vessels. The signals generated by the drill holes and the noise caused by the weld were examined using eddy current testing. A hit/miss-based POD model with multiple flaw parameters and multiple signal features was proposed to analyze the measured signals. It is shown that the proposed model is able to more reasonably characterize the detectability of eddy current signals compared to conventional models that consider a single signal feature.

Improved Contrast in Ultra-Low-Field MRI with Time-Dependent Bipolar Prepolarizing Fields: Theory and NMR Demonstrations

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaakko O. Nieminen ◽  
Jens Voigt ◽  
Stefan Hartwig ◽  
Hans Jürgen Scheer ◽  
Martin Burghoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Strength ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Relaxation Rates ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Spin Lattice ◽  
Low Field ◽  
Low Field Mri ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Abstract The spin-lattice (T1) relaxation rates of materials depend on the strength of the external magnetic field in which the relaxation occurs. This T1 dispersion has been suggested to offer a means to discriminate between healthy and cancerous tissue by performing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at low magnetic fields. In prepolarized ultra-low-field (ULF) MRI, spin precession is detected in fields of the order of 10-100 μT. To increase the signal strength, the sample is first magnetized with a relatively strong polarizing field. Typically, the polarizing field is kept constant during the polarization period. However, in ULF MRI, the polarizing-field strength can be easily varied to produce a desired time course. This paper describes how a novel variation of the polarizing-field strength and duration can optimize the contrast between two types of tissue having different T1 relaxation dispersions. In addition, NMR experiments showing that the principle works in practice are presented. The described procedure may become a key component for a promising new approach of MRI at ultra-low fields

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