scholarly journals Frontal language areas do not emerge in the absence of temporal language areas: A case study of an individual born without a left temporal lobe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greta Tuckute ◽  
Alexander Paunov ◽  
Hope Kean ◽  
Hannah Small ◽  
Zachary Mineroff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Left Temporal Lobe ◽  
High Level ◽  
Temporal Language ◽  
Language Areas

High-level language processing is supported by a left-lateralized fronto-temporal brain network. How this network emerges ontogenetically remains debated. Given that frontal cortex in general exhibits protracted development, frontal language areas presumably emerge later and/or mature more slowly than temporal language areas. But are temporal areas necessary for the development of the language areas in the frontal lobe, or do frontal language areas instead emerge independently? We shed light on this question through a case study of an individual (EG) born without a left temporal lobe. We use fMRI methods that have been previously extensively validated for their ability to elicit robust language responses at the individual-subject level. As expected in cases of early left hemisphere (LH) damage, we find that EG has a fully functional language network in her right hemisphere (RH) and performs within the normal range on standardized language assessments. However, her RH frontal language areas have no corresponding LH homotopic areas: no reliable response to language is detected on the lateral surface of EG's left frontal lobe. However, another network implicated in high-level cognition - the domain-general multiple demand, MD, network - is robustly present in both right and left frontal lobes, suggesting that EG's left frontal cortex is capable of supporting non-linguistic cognitive functions. The existence of temporal language areas therefore appears to be a prerequisite for the emergence of the language areas in the frontal lobe.

scholarly journals Neuroplasticity of language in left-hemisphere stroke: evidence linking subsecond electrophysiology and structural connections

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitória Piai ◽  
Lars Meyer ◽  
Nina F. Dronkers ◽  
Robert T. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Left Temporal Lobe ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
Oscillatory Power ◽  
Alpha Beta ◽  
The Right

AbstractOur understanding of neuroplasticity following stroke is predominantly based on neuroimaging measures that cannot address the subsecond neurodynamics of impaired language processing. We combined behavioral and electrophysiological measures and structural-connectivity estimates to characterize neuroplasticity underlying successful compensation of language abilities after left-hemispheric stroke. We recorded the electroencephalogram from patients with stroke lesions to the left temporal lobe and matched controls during context-driven word retrieval. Participants heard lead-in sentences that either constrained the final word (“He locked the door with the”) or not (“She walked in here with the”). The last word was shown as a picture to be named. We conducted individual-participant analyses and focused on oscillatory power as a subsecond indicator of a brain region's functional neurophysiological computations. All participants named pictures faster following constrained than unconstrained sentences, except for two patients, who had extensive damage to the left temporal lobe. Left-lateralized alpha-beta oscillatory power decreased in controls pre-picture presentation for constrained relative to unconstrained contexts. In patients, the alpha-beta power decreases were observed with the same time course as in controls but were lateralized to the intact right hemisphere. The right lateralization depended on the probability of white-matter connections between the bilateral temporal lobes. The two patients who performed poorly behaviorally showed no alpha-beta power decreases. Our findings suggest that incorporating direct measures of neural activity into investigations of neuroplasticity can provide important neural markers to help predict language recovery, assess the progress of neurorehabilitation, and delineate targets for therapeutic neuromodulation.

Frontal Lobe Epilepsy Presenting as a Psychotic Disorder With Delusions and Hallucinations: A Case Study

CNS Spectrums ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 64-66,82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie J. Ramsey
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Frontal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Unique Case ◽  
Frontal Lobe Seizures

AbstractAlthough psychotic symptoms are a recognized manifestation of epilepsy, these are more often associated with seizures of the temporal lobe type. While 10% of children with temporal lobe epilepsy develop a psychotic disorder by adulthood, the literature does not report any cases of psychotic disorders associated with frontal lobe seizures in children. This article presents a unique case of a girl whose frontal lobe seizures were associated with delusional psychotic symptoms. Once her seizure disorder was identified through electroencephalography (EEG) and appropriate anticonvulsant therapy was initiated, her associated psychotic symptoms resolved.

scholarly journals The Causal Role of Left and Right Superior Temporal Gyri in Speech Perception in Noise: A Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1092-1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Kennedy-Higgins ◽  
Joseph T. Devlin ◽  
Helen E. Nuttall ◽  
Patti Adank
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Background Noise ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Left Temporal Lobe ◽  
Neural Organization ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Listening Strategies

Successful perception of speech in everyday listening conditions requires effective listening strategies to overcome common acoustic distortions, such as background noise. Convergent evidence from neuroimaging and clinical studies identify activation within the temporal lobes as key to successful speech perception. However, current neurobiological models disagree on whether the left temporal lobe is sufficient for successful speech perception or whether bilateral processing is required. We addressed this issue using TMS to selectively disrupt processing in either the left or right superior temporal gyrus (STG) of healthy participants to test whether the left temporal lobe is sufficient or whether both left and right STG are essential. Participants repeated keywords from sentences presented in background noise in a speech reception threshold task while receiving online repetitive TMS separately to the left STG, right STG, or vertex or while receiving no TMS. Results show an equal drop in performance following application of TMS to either left or right STG during the task. A separate group of participants performed a visual discrimination threshold task to control for the confounding side effects of TMS. Results show no effect of TMS on the control task, supporting the notion that the results of Experiment 1 can be attributed to modulation of cortical functioning in STG rather than to side effects associated with online TMS. These results indicate that successful speech perception in everyday listening conditions requires both left and right STG and thus have ramifications for our understanding of the neural organization of spoken language processing.

Preoperative predictors of anterior temporal language areas

1998 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 962-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore H. Schwartz ◽  
Orrin Devinsky ◽  
Werner Doyle ◽  
Kenneth Perrine
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Temporal Lobectomy ◽  
Seizure Onset ◽  
Anterior Temporal Lobe ◽  
Verbal Iq ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Language Areas ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Although it is known that 5 to 10% of patients have language areas anterior to the rolandic cortex, many surgeons still perform standard anterior temporal lobectomies for epilepsy of mesial onset and report minimal long-term dysphasia. The authors examined the importance of language mapping before anterior temporal lobectomy. Methods. The authors mapped naming, reading, and speech arrest in a series of 67 patients via stimulation of long-term implanted subdural grids before resective epilepsy surgery and correlated the presence of language areas in the anterior temporal lobe with preoperative demographic and neuropsychometric data. Naming (p < 0.03) and reading (p < 0.05) errors were more common than speech arrest in patients undergoing surgery in the anterior temporal lobe. In the approximate region of a standard anterior temporal lobectomy, including 2.5 cm of the superior temporal gyrus and 4.5 cm of both the middle and inferior temporal gyrus, the authors identified language areas in 14.5% of patients tested. Between 1.5 and 3.5 cm from the temporal tip, patients who had seizure onset before 6 years of age had more naming (p < 0.02) and reading (p < 0.01) areas than those in whom seizure onset occurred after age 6 years. Patients with a verbal intelligence quotient (IQ) lower than 90 had more naming (p < 0.05) and reading (p < 0.02) areas than those with an IQ higher than 90. Finally, patients who were either left handed or right hemisphere memory dominant had more naming (p < 0.05) and reading (p < 0.02) areas than right-handed patients with bilateral or left hemisphere memory lateralization. Postoperative neuropsychometric testing showed a trend toward a greater decline in naming ability in patients who were least likely to have anterior language areas, that is, those with higher verbal IQ and later seizure onset. Conclusions. Preoperative identification of markers of left hemisphere damage, such as early seizure onset, poor verbal IQ, left handedness, and right hemisphere memory dominance should alert neurosurgeons to the possibility of encountering essential language areas in the anterior temporal lobe (1.5–3.5 cm from the temporal tip). Naming and reading tasks are required to identify these areas. Whether removal of these areas necessarily induces long-term impairment in verbal abilities is unknown; however, in patients with a low verbal IQ and early seizure onset, these areas appear to be less critical for language processing.

Verbal and design fluency in patients with frontal lobe lesions

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 586-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
JULIANA V. BALDO ◽  
ARTHUR P. SHIMAMURA ◽  
DEAN C. DELIS ◽  
JOEL KRAMER ◽  
EDITH KAPLAN
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Verbal Fluency Task ◽  
Frontal Lobe Lesions ◽  
Design Fluency ◽  
The Right ◽  
Frontal Lesions ◽  
Fluency Task

The ability to generate items belonging to categories in verbal fluency tasks has been attributed to frontal cortex. Nonverbal fluency (e.g., design fluency) has been assessed separately and found to rely on the right hemisphere or right frontal cortex. The current study assessed both verbal and nonverbal fluency in a single group of patients with focal, frontal lobe lesions and age- and education-matched control participants. In the verbal fluency task, participants generated items belonging to both letter cues (F, A, and S) and category cues (animals and boys' names). In the design fluency task, participants generated novel designs by connecting dot arrays with 4 straight lines. A switching condition was included in both verbal and design fluency tasks and required participants to switch back and forth between different sets (e.g., between naming fruits and furniture). As a group, patients with frontal lobe lesions were impaired, compared to control participants, on both verbal and design fluency tasks. Patients with left frontal lesions performed worse than patients with right frontal lesions on the verbal fluency task, but the 2 groups performed comparably on the design fluency task. Both patients and control participants were impacted similarly by the switching conditions. These results suggest that verbal fluency is more dependent on left frontal cortex, while nonverbal fluency tasks, such as design fluency, recruit both right and left frontal processes. (JINS, 2001, 7, 586–596.)

Damage of left temporal lobe resulting in conversion of speech to Sutra, a Buddhist prayer stored in the right hemisphere

Neurocase ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobusada Shinoura ◽  
Toshiyuki Onodera ◽  
Kotoyo Kurokawa ◽  
Masanobu Tsukada ◽  
Ryozi Yamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Left Temporal Lobe ◽  
The Right

Exploration of the Effects of Family Therapy on the Rehabilitation of Unipolar Depression Patients Under Computed Tomography Scan Information Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2223-2227
Author(s):  
Rui Mei ◽  
Fang Fan ◽  
Lu Lv ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
Xiaobo Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Family Therapy ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
Left Temporal Lobe ◽  
Left Frontal Lobe ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Before And After

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of family therapy on brain computed tomography (CT) information in unipolar depression patients. In this study, 35 cases of unipolar depression patients who visited xxx hospital from March 2017 to August 2019 but received no systematic treatment were taken as the study subjects. CT scan was used to detect and compare the CT values of left frontal lobe, right frontal lobe, left temporal lobe and right temporal lobe of patients with depression before and three months after family treatment. Patients’ levels of depression and anxiety before and after treatment were determined by Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA). The cognitive function of patients before and after treatment was evaluated by Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). The physical and social function, and mental health of them were assessed by health status questionnaire (SF-36). The correlation between CT values of each lobe and clinical characteristics of patients was analyzed by multivariate linear regression model. The results showed that the CT values and SF-36 scores of the left and right frontal lobe after treatment were significantly higher than that before treatment (P < 0.05), while the HAMD MMSE scores were significantly lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05). The linear-regression analysis results showed that CT values of the left frontal lobe were negatively correlated with the patient’s age and disease course (P < 0.05), and CT values of the right frontal lobe were negatively correlated with the patient’s age (P < 0.05), and CT values of the left temporal lobe were negatively correlated with the patient’s disease course (P < 0.05). It indicates that the pathogenesis of depression is related to the function of brain structure. However, the social ability of unipolar depression patients and their emotional depression and psychological state can be effectively improved by family therapy, which also has a significant effect on the recovery of the disease.

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