scholarly journals Regulation of auditory fear discrimination by the novel Kv3 voltage-gated potassium channel modulator AUT00206

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Stubbendorff ◽  
Ed Hale ◽  
Harriet L L Day ◽  
Jessica Smith ◽  
Giuseppe S Alvaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Psychiatric Disease ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Voltage Gated ◽  
Extended Training ◽  
Positive Modulator ◽  
Channel Modulator ◽  
Promising Avenue

Psychiatric diseases like anxiety-related disorders and schizophrenia are characterized by impaired cognition and emotional regulation linked to corticolimbic disinhibition. Restoring the balance between excitation and inhibition in corticolimbic circuits may therefore ameliorate certain features of these disorders, such as inappropriately attributing affective salience to innocuous cues. Corticolimbic activity is tightly controlled by parvalbumin-expressing GABAergic interneurons, which also regulate fear discrimination. The voltage-gated potassium channels Kv3.1 and Kv3.2 are highly expressed in these neurons, therefore Kv3.1/3.2 modulation may have potential for treating disorders associated with cognitive and emotional dysregulation. We determined the effects of the novel Kv3.1/3.2 positive modulator AUT00206 on fear discrimination. Female rats underwent limited or extended auditory fear discrimination training that we previously showed leads to discrimination or generalization, respectively, based on passive fear responding (i.e. freezing). We also assessed darting as an active fear response. We found that limited training resulted in discrimination based on freezing, which was unaffected by AUT00206. In contrast, we found that extended training resulted in generalization based on freezing and the emergence of discrimination based on darting. Importantly, AUT00206 had dissociable effects on fear discrimination and expression with extended training. While AUT00206 mitigated generalization without affecting expression based on freezing, it reduced expression without affecting discrimination based on darting. Our results indicate that Kv3.1/3.2 modulation regulates the attribution of affective significance to threat- and safety-related cues in a response-specific manner. This suggests that targeting Kv3.1 and Kv3.2 channels may provide a promising avenue for treating cognitive and emotional dysregulation in psychiatric disease.

Optimization of a New Reactive Force Field for Silver - Based Materials

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clément Dulong ◽  
Bruno Madebène ◽  
Susanna Monti ◽  
Johannes Richardi
Keyword(s):  
Force Field ◽  
Self Assembled Monolayers ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Reactive Force ◽  
Reactive Force Field ◽  
Energetic Properties ◽  
Extended Training ◽  
Geometrical Features ◽  
Assembled Monolayers ◽  
Gold Thiolate

<div><div><div><p>A new reactive force field based on the ReaxFF formalism is effectively parametrized against an extended training set of quantum chemistry data (containing more than 120 different structures) to describe accurately silver- and silver-thiolate systems. The results obtained with this novel representation demonstrate that the novel ReaxFF paradigm is a powerful methodology to reproduce more appropriately average geometric and energetic properties of metal clusters and slabs when compared to the earlier ReaxFF parametrizations dealing with silver and gold. ReaxFF cannot describe adequately specific geometrical features such as the observed shorter distances between the under-coordinated atoms at the cluster edges. Geometric and energetic properties of thiolates adsorbed on a silver Ag20 pyramid are correctly represented by the new ReaxFF and compared with results for gold. The simulation of self-assembled monolayers of thiolates on a silver (111) surface does not indicate the formation of staples in contrast to the results for gold-thiolate systems.</p></div></div></div>

scholarly journals Profiles of Emotion Regulation and Post-Traumatic Stress Severity among Female Victims of Intimate Partner Violence

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6865
Author(s):  
Marina Muñoz-Rivas ◽  
Ana Bellot ◽  
Ignacio Montorio ◽  
Rosa Ronzón-Tirado ◽  
Natalia Redondo
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Gender Violence ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Critical Pathway ◽  
Post Traumatic

Emotional dysregulation is a construct that has drawn substantial attention as a transdiagnostic contributing factor to the loss of health. Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a term used to describe physical, psychological, or sexual assault of a spouse or sexual partner. The aim of the study was to determine the variability of emotional dysregulation among women with different types of IPV revictimization and post-traumatic stress. The cross-sectional survey included 120 women attended by the Integrated Monitoring System of Gender Violence of Madrid, Spain, due to a gender violence complaint. The presence of post-traumatic stress disorder (DSM 5 criteria), emotional dysregulation (Emotional Processing Scale (EPS)), childhood trauma, and type of revictimization were evaluated. Cluster analysis found three profiles of emotional regulation: Emotionally Regulated, Avoidance/Non-Impoverished, and Emotional Overwhelm. The results showed that the Emotional Overwhelm group was characterized by a general dysregulation of emotional experiences and a greater intensity of post-traumatic stress symptoms. In addition, women who have suffered several episodes of IPV by different partners showed a differential pattern of emotional regulation than the rest of the victims that entailed greater psychopathology. Findings confirm that emotional dysregulation is a critical pathway to the decrease of health among IPV victims.

Investigation into the effects of the novel antipsychotic ziprasidone on weight gain and reproductive function in female rats

2005 ◽  
Vol 160 (2) ◽  
pp. 338-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Fell ◽  
R. Gibson ◽  
E. McDermott ◽  
G. Sisodia ◽  
K.M. Marshall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Novel Antipsychotic

scholarly journals Clinical and Neurophysiological Correlates of Emotion and Food Craving Regulation in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuria Mallorquí-Bagué ◽  
María Lozano-Madrid ◽  
Giulia Testa ◽  
Cristina Vintró-Alcaraz ◽  
Isabel Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Food Addiction ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Food Craving ◽  
Task Condition ◽  
Positive Potential ◽  
Difficulties In Emotion Regulation ◽  
Relevant Task

Background: Difficulties in emotion regulation and craving regulation have been linked to eating symptomatology in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), contributing to the maintenance of their eating disorder. Methods: To investigate clinical and electrophysiological correlates of these processes, 20 patients with AN and 20 healthy controls (HC) completed a computerized task during EEG recording, where they were instructed to down-regulate negative emotions or food craving. Participants also completed self-report measures of emotional regulation and food addiction. The P300 and Late Positive Potential (LPP) ERPs were analysed. Results: LPP amplitudes were significantly smaller during down-regulation of food craving among both groups. Independent of task condition, individuals with AN showed smaller P300 amplitudes compared to HC. Among HC, the self-reported use of re-appraisal strategies positively correlated with LPP amplitudes during emotional regulation task, while suppressive strategies negatively correlated with LPP amplitudes. The AN group, in comparison to the HC group, exhibited greater food addiction, greater use of maladaptive strategies, and emotional dysregulation. Conclusions: Despite the enhanced self-reported psychopathology among AN, both groups indicated neurophysiological evidence of food craving regulation as evidenced by blunted LPP amplitudes in the relevant task condition. Further research is required to delineate the mechanisms associated with reduced overall P300 amplitudes among individuals with AN.

scholarly journals Physiological Factors Linking Insecure Attachment to Psychopathology: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1477
Author(s):  
Marta Tironi ◽  
Simone Charpentier Charpentier Mora ◽  
Donatella Cavanna ◽  
Jessica L. Borelli ◽  
Fabiola Bizzi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Insecure Attachment ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Anxious Attachment ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Cardiac Slowing

Although many studies have documented associations between insecure attachment and psychopathology, attachment may not confer risk for psychopathology independently, but rather through its interaction with emotional, social, and biological factors. Understanding the variables through which attachment may lead to psychopathology is therefore important. Within this domain of research, the role of physiological factors is poorly investigated. What are the relevant domains and why, when, or for whom do they influence mental disorders relating to attachment? The current systematic review aims to answer these questions. Results reveal that physiological indices of emotional regulation play a role in explaining and/or determining the relationship between attachment and psychopathology. Specifically: (1) combined with insecure attachment, higher skin conductance level (SCL), lower cardiac slowing, and respiratory sinus arrhythmia modulation (RSA) contribute to different psychopathological indicators and behavioral/psychological dysfunctions, although the latter predicts a contradictory pattern of findings; (2) insecure-avoidant attachment is more consistently linked with stress and emotional dysregulation when combined with RSA, while anxious attachment confers risk of depressive symptoms when combined with SCL. We concluded our discussion of the results of seven studies by outlining a plan to move the field forward. We discuss the quality of the assessment, methodological limitations, and future directions, highlighting the need to extend the research to clinical samples.

scholarly journals Estradiol and luteinizing hormone reverse memory loss in phencyclidine model of schizophrenia: Evidence for hippocampal GABA action

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander J. Riordan ◽  
Ari W. Schaler ◽  
Jackson B. Fried ◽  
Tracie A. Paine ◽  
Janice E. Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Amnesic Effect ◽  
Brain Expression ◽  
Novel Object Recognition Task

ABSTRACTThe cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia are poorly understood and difficult to treat. Estrogens may mitigate these symptoms via unknown mechanisms. To examine these mechanisms, we tested whether increasing estradiol (E) or decreasing luteinizing hormone (LH) could rescue declarative memory in a phencyclidine (PCP) model of schizophrenia. We then assessed whether changes in cortical or hippocampal GABA may underlie these effects. Female rats were ovariectomized and injected subchronically with PCP. To modulate E and LH, animals received hormone capsules or Antide injections. Short-term episodic memory was assessed using the novel object recognition task. Brain expression of GAD67 was analyzed via western blot, and parvalbumin-containing cells were counted using immunohistochemistry. Some rats received hippocampal infusions of a GABAA agonist, GABAA antagonist, or GAD inhibitor before behavioral testing. We found that PCP reduced hippocampal GAD67 and abolished object recognition. Antide restored hippocampal GAD67 and rescued recognition memory in PCP-treated animals. Estradiol reversed PCP’s amnesic effect but failed to restore hippocampal GAD67. PCP did not cause significant differences in number of parvalbumin-expressing cells or cortical expression of GAD67. Hippocampal infusions of a GABAA agonist restored memory in PCP-treated rats. Blocking hippocampal GAD or GABAA receptors in ovx animals reproduced memory loss similar to PCP and inhibited estradiol’s memory rescue in PCP-treated animals. In summary, decreasing LH or increasing E can reverse memory loss in a PCP model of schizophrenia. Alterations in hippocampal GABA may contribute to both PCP’s effects on declarative memory and the hormones’ ability to reverse them.

scholarly journals A knowledge network for a dynamic taxonomy of psychiatric disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-87 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Strategic Plan ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Knowledge Network ◽  
Psychiatric Disease ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Research Domain

The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) project was initiated by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) in early 2009 as the implementation of Goal 1.4 of its just-issued strategic plan. In keeping with the NIMH mission, to "transform the understanding and treatment of mental illnesses through basic and clinical research," RDoC was explicitly conceived as a research-related initiative. The statement of the relevant goal in the strategic plan reads: "Develop, for research purposes, new ways of classifying mental disorders based on dimensions of observable behavior and neurobiological measures." Due to the novel approach that RDoC takes to conceptualizing and studying mental disorders, it has received widespread attention, well beyond the borders of the immediate research community. This review discusses the rationale for the experimental framework that RDoC has adopted, and its implications for the nosology of mental disorders in the future.

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