scholarly journals Anxiety disorders and age-related changes in physiology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Mutz ◽  
Thole H Hoppen ◽  
Chiara Fabbri ◽  
Cathryn M Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Hand Grip Strength ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Age Related ◽  
History Of

Objective: Anxiety disorders are leading contributors to the global disease burden, highly prevalent across the lifespan, and associated with substantially increased morbidity and early mortality. The aim of this study was to examine age-related changes across a wide range of physiological measures in middle-aged and older adults with a lifetime history of anxiety disorders compared to healthy controls. Methods: The UK Biobank study recruited >500,000 adults, aged 37-73, between 2006-2010. We used generalised additive models to estimate non-linear associations between age and hand-grip strength, cardiovascular function, body composition, lung function and heel bone mineral density in cases vs. controls. Results: The main dataset included 332,078 adults (mean age = 56.37 years; 52.65% females). In both sexes, individuals with anxiety disorders had lower hand-grip strength and blood pressure, while their pulse rate and body composition measures were higher than in healthy controls. Case-control differences were larger when considering individuals with chronic and/or severe anxiety disorders, and differences in body composition were modulated by depression comorbidity status. Differences in age-related physiological changes between female anxiety disorder cases and healthy controls were most evident for blood pressure, pulse rate and body composition, while in males for hand-grip strength, blood pressure and body composition. Most differences in physiological measures between cases and controls tended to decrease with age increase. Conclusion: Individuals with a lifetime history of anxiety disorders differed from healthy controls across multiple physiological measures, with some evidence of case-control differences by age. The differences observed varied by chronicity/severity and depression comorbidity.

scholarly journals Anxiety disorders and age-related changes in physiology

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Julian Mutz ◽  
Thole H. Hoppen ◽  
Chiara Fabbri ◽  
Cathryn M. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Hand Grip Strength ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Age Related

Background Anxiety disorders are leading contributors to the global disease burden, highly prevalent across the lifespan and associated with substantially increased morbidity and early mortality. Aims The aim of this study was to examine age-related changes across a wide range of physiological measures in middle-aged and older adults with a lifetime history of anxiety disorders compared with healthy controls. Method The UK Biobank study recruited >500 000 adults, aged 37–73, between 2006 and 2010. We used generalised additive models to estimate non-linear associations between age and hand-grip strength, cardiovascular function, body composition, lung function and heel bone mineral density in a case group and in a control group. Results The main data-set included 332 078 adults (mean age 56.37 years; 52.65% women). In both genders, individuals with anxiety disorders had a lower hand-grip strength and lower blood pressure, whereas their pulse rate and body composition measures were higher than in the healthy control group. Case–control group differences were larger when considering individuals with chronic and/or severe anxiety disorders, and differences in body composition were modulated by depression comorbidity status. Differences in age-related physiological changes between females in the anxiety disorder case group and healthy controls were most evident for blood pressure, pulse rate and body composition, whereas this was the case in males for hand-grip strength, blood pressure and body composition. Most differences in physiological measures between the case and control groups decreased with increasing age. Conclusions Findings in individuals with a lifetime history of anxiety disorders differed from a healthy control group across multiple physiological measures, with some evidence of case–control group differences by age. The differences observed varied by chronicity/severity and depression comorbidity.

scholarly journals Age-related changes in physiology in individuals with lifetime bipolar disorder

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S276-S276
Author(s):  
Julian Mutz ◽  
Cathryn M Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

AimsIndividuals with bipolar disorder have reduced life expectancy and may experience accelerated biological ageing. In individuals with lifetime bipolar disorder and healthy controls, we examined differences in age-related changes in physiology.MethodThe UK Biobank study recruited >500,000 participants, aged 37–73 years, between 2006–2010. Generalised additive models were used to examine associations between age and grip strength, cardiovascular function, body composition, lung function and bone mineral density. Analyses were conducted separately in males and females with bipolar disorder compared to healthy controls.ResultAnalytical samples included up to 272,462 adults (mean age = 56.04 years, SD = 8.15; 49.51% females). We found statistically significant differences between bipolar disorder cases and controls for grip strength, blood pressure, pulse rate and body composition, with standardised mean differences of up to -0.238 (95% CI -0.282 to -0.193). There was limited evidence of differences in lung function, heel bone mineral density or arterial stiffness. Case-control differences were most evident for age-related changes in cardiovascular function (in both sexes) and body composition (in females). These differences did not uniformly narrow or widen with age and differed by sex. For example, the difference in systolic blood pressure between male cases and controls was -1.3 mmHg at age 50 and widened to -4.7 mmHg at age 65. Diastolic blood pressure in female cases was 1.2 mmHg higher at age 40 and -1.2 mmHg lower at age 65.ConclusionDifferences in ageing trajectories between bipolar disorder cases and healthy controls were most evident for cardiovascular and body composition measures and differed by sex.

scholarly journals Age-related changes in physiology in individuals with bipolar disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Mutz ◽  
Cathryn M. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

AbstractObjectivesIndividuals with bipolar disorder have reduced life expectancy and may experience accelerated biological ageing. In individuals with bipolar disorder and healthy controls, we examined differences in age-related changes in physiology.MethodsUK Biobank recruited >500,000 participants, aged 37-73, between 2006–2010. Generalised additive models were used to examine associations between age and grip strength, cardiovascular function, body composition, lung function and bone mineral density. Analyses were conducted separately in males and females with bipolar disorder compared to healthy controls.ResultsAnalytical samples included up to 272,462 adults (mean age = 56.04 years, SD = 8.15; 49.51% females). We found statistically significant differences between bipolar disorder cases and controls for grip strength, blood pressure, pulse rate and body composition, with standardised mean differences of up to −0.238 (95% CI −0.282 to −0.193). There was limited evidence of differences in lung function, heel bone mineral density or arterial stiffness. Case-control differences were most evident for age-related changes in cardiovascular function (in both sexes) and body composition (in females). These differences did not uniformly narrow or widen with age and differed by sex. For example, the difference in systolic blood pressure between male cases and controls was −1.3 mmHg at age 50 and widened to −4.7 mmHg at age 65. Diastolic blood pressure in female cases was 1.2 mmHg higher at age 40 and −1.2 mmHg lower at age 65.ConclusionsDifferences in ageing trajectories between bipolar disorder cases and healthy controls were most evident for cardiovascular and body composition measures and differed by sex.

scholarly journals Lifetime depression and age-related changes in body composition, cardiovascular function, grip strength and lung function: sex-specific analyses in the UK Biobank

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Mutz ◽  
Cathryn M. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

AbstractIntroductionIndividuals with mental disorders, on average, die prematurely and may experience accelerated biological ageing.ObjectivesIn individuals with lifetime depression and healthy controls, we examined associations between age and physiological measures.MethodsUK Biobank recruited >500,000 participants, aged 37-73, between 2006–2010. Generalised additive models (GAMs) were used to examine associations between age and multiple cardiovascular, body composition, grip strength and lung function measures. Analyses were conducted separately in males and females with lifetime depression compared to healthy controls.ResultsAnalytical samples included up to 342,393 adults (mean age = 55.87 years, SD = 8.09; 52.61% females). We found statistically significant differences between individuals with lifetime depression and healthy controls for most physiological measures, with standardised mean differences between -0.145 and 0.156. There was some evidence that age-related changes in body composition, cardiovascular health, lung function and heel bone mineral density followed different trajectories in individuals with lifetime depression. These differences did not uniformly narrow or widen with age. For example, BMI in females with lifetime depression was approximately 1.1 kg/m2 higher at age 40 and this difference narrowed to about 0.4 kg/m2 at age 70. In males, systolic blood pressure was approximately 1 mmHg lower in individuals with lifetime depression at age 45 and this difference widened to about 2.5 mmHg at age 65.ConclusionsEvidence of differences in ageing trajectories between individuals with lifetime depression and healthy controls was not uniform across physiological measures and differed by sex.

scholarly journals Depression and Age-Related Changes in Body Composition, Cardiovascular Function, Grip Strength, and Lung Function

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 442-442
Author(s):  
Julian Mutz ◽  
Cathryn Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Cardiovascular Function ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

Abstract Individuals with mental disorders, on average, die prematurely, have higher levels of physical comorbidities and may experience accelerated ageing. In individuals with lifetime depression and healthy controls, we examined associations between age and multiple physiological measures. The UK Biobank study recruited >500,000 participants, aged 37-73, between 2006–2010. Generalised additive models were used to examine associations between age and grip strength, cardiovascular function, body composition, lung function and bone mineral density. Analyses were conducted separately in males and females with depression compared to healthy controls. Analytical samples included up to 342,393 adults (mean age = 55.87 years; 52.61% females). We found statistically significant differences between individuals with depression and healthy controls for most physiological measures, with standardised mean differences between -0.145 and 0.156. There was some evidence that age-related changes in body composition, cardiovascular function, lung function and heel bone mineral density followed different trajectories in individuals with depression. These differences did not uniformly narrow or widen with age. For example, BMI in female cases was 1.1 kg/m2 higher at age 40 and this difference narrowed to 0.4 kg/m2 at age 70. In males, systolic blood pressure was 1 mmHg lower in cases at age 45 and this difference widened to 2.5 mmHg at age 65. Individuals with depression differed from healthy controls across a broad range of physiological measures. Differences in ageing trajectories differed by sex and were not uniform across physiological measures, with evidence of both age-related narrowing and widening of case-control differences.

scholarly journals Physical activity in the classroom to prevent childhood obesity: a pilot study in Santiago, Chile

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Mardones ◽  
Pilar Arnaiz ◽  
Johana Soto-Sánchez ◽  
Juana Saavedra ◽  
Angélica Domínguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
Hand Grip Strength ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Waist Circumference ◽  
Hand Grip

AbstractThis paper describes a 4-month pilot study that tested the suitability of a physical activity intervention for first graders (children aged 6 and 7 years) in a public school in Santiago, Chile. Teachers were trained to deliver the programme in the classroom during the school day. Teachers were surveyed to determine if this intervention fit within their curriculum and classroom routines and they reported in a focus group that it was suitable for them. All children actively participated in the programme and positive changes in their attitudes towards physical activity were observed by their teachers. Anthropometrics, blood pressure and hand grip strength were measured in the students. A significant reduction was observed in children with high waist circumference ≥ 90th percentile, and in mean systolic blood pressure. However, statistical power values for those comparisons were rather low. Anthropometry and hand grip strength were not modified. The latter calculations and the lack of a control group are showing the weaknesses of this pilot study and that further research with a larger sample size and an experimental design is strongly needed.

Bioimpedance phase angle as a marker of sarcopenia in elderly women with multiple comorbidities

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Kurmayev ◽  
S. V. Bulgakova ◽  
N. O. Zakharova
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Phase Angle ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Hand Grip Strength ◽  
Bioimpedance Analysis ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Hand Dynamometry

Rationale: The progressive decline in skeletal muscle strength and function during aging can lead to disability and premature death. It is of interest to evaluate the potential of bioimpedance phase angle (PhA) as an instrumental marker of sarcopenia in clinical practice.Aim: To identify an association between the phase angles determined by the bioimpedance analysis of body composition, with functional activity parameters in elderly women with multiple comorbidities.Materials and methods: The study included 146  elderly women (aged 75 to 84  years, mean age 79.44±2.56  years). Assessments consisted of the Charlson comorbidity index, “Vozrast ne pomekha” (Age is not a hindrance) questionnaire, the Barthel index, the sit-to-stand five-repeat test, the standardized 4-meter walking speed test, and bioimpedance analysis of body composition (ABC02, Medass, Russia). Muscle strength parameters were assessed by wrist dynamometry with a mechanical wrist dynamometer. The hand dynamometry index was calculated by dividing the hand grip strength by the patient's squared height. According to the EWGSOP2 guidelines for the critical cur-off for hand dynamometry, the patients were divided into two groups: those with the hand grip strength>16 kg (n=41) and those with<16 kg (n=105).Results: There were significant correlations of PhA with age (r=-0.369; p=0.017), the results of the screening questionnaire “Vozrast ne pomekha” (Age is not a hindrance) (r=-0.359; p=0.023), Barthel index (r=0.375; p=0.018), hand dynamometry (r=0.395; p=0.014), hand dynamometry index (r=0.340; p=0.021), lean body mass (r=0.414; p=0.009), musculoskeletal mass (r=0.819; p<0.001), proportion of musculoskeletal mass (r=0.796; p<0.001), walking speed (r=0.670; p<0.001), and the results of the sit-to-stand test (r=-0.541; p<0.001). Sarcopenia was diagnosed in 61 women (41.8%). There were also significant differences in age, hand dynamometry results, hand dynamometry index, walking speed and results of the sit-to-stand test between the two groups depending on their hand grip strength.Conclusion: The use of hand dynamometry, physical activity tests, and bioimpedance phase angle can be used in clinical practice to diagnose sarcopenia.

scholarly journals Lifetime depression and age-related changes in body composition, cardiovascular function, grip strength and lung function: sex-specific analyses in the UK Biobank

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S44-S44
Author(s):  
Julian Mutz ◽  
Cathryn M Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Cardiovascular Function ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Age Related Changes

AimsIndividuals with mental disorders, on average, die prematurely, have higher levels of physical comorbidities and may experience accelerated ageing. In individuals with lifetime depression and healthy controls, we examined associations between age and multiple physiological measures.MethodThe UK Biobank study recruited >500,000 participants, aged 37–73 years, between 2006–2010. Generalised additive models were used to examine associations between age and grip strength, cardiovascular function, body composition, lung function and bone mineral density. Analyses were conducted separately in males and females with depression compared to healthy controls.ResultAnalytical samples included up to 342,393 adults (mean age = 55.87 years; 52.61% females). We found statistically significant differences between individuals with depression and healthy controls for most physiological measures, with standardised mean differences between -0.145 and 0.156. There was some evidence that age-related changes in body composition, cardiovascular function, lung function and heel bone mineral density followed different trajectories in individuals with depression. These differences did not uniformly narrow or widen with age. For example, BMI in female cases was 1.1 kg/m2 higher at age 40 and this difference narrowed to 0.4 kg/m2 at age 70. In males, systolic blood pressure was 1 mmHg lower in cases at age 45 and this difference widened to 2.5 mmHg at age 65.ConclusionIndividuals with depression differed from healthy controls across a broad range of physiological measures. Differences in ageing trajectories differed by sex and were not uniform across physiological measures, with evidence of both age-related narrowing and widening of case-control differences.

scholarly journals Lower Percentage of Fat Mass among Tai Chi Chuan Practitioners

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1232
Author(s):  
Silvia Stagi ◽  
Azzurra Doneddu ◽  
Gabriele Mulliri ◽  
Giovanna Ghiani ◽  
Valeria Succa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Hand Grip Strength ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Tai Chi Chuan ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Total Body

The aim of the study was to analyze total and regional body composition in Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) middle-aged and elderly practitioners. A cross-sectional study on 139 Italian subjects was realized: 34 TCC practitioners (14 men, 20 women; 62.8 ± 7.4 years) and 105 sedentary volunteers (49 men, 56 women; 62.8 ± 6.4 years). Anthropometric measurements (height, weight, arm, waist, and calf circumferences), hand-grip strength, and physical capacity values were collected. Total and regional (arm, leg, and trunk) body composition was analyzed by means of specific bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (specific BIVA). TCC practitioners of both sexes were characterized by a normal nutritional status, normal levels of physical capacity, and normal values of hand-grip strength. Compared to controls, they showed lower percentages of fat mass (lower specific resistance) in the total body, the arm, and the trunk, and higher muscle mass (higher phase angle) in the trunk, but lower muscle mass in the arm. Sexual dimorphism was characterized by higher muscle mass (total body, arm, and trunk) and lower %FM (arm) in men; sex differences were less accentuated among TCC practitioners than in the control. TCC middle-aged and elderly practitioners appear to be less affected by the process of physiological aging and the associated fat mass changes, compared to sedentary people.

A pilot study investigating the effect of pedalling exercise during dialysis on 6-min walking test and hand grip and pinch strength

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 161-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manasi Desai ◽  
Ahmed Mohamed ◽  
Andrew Davenport
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Exercise Programme ◽  
Hand Grip Strength ◽  
Pinch Strength ◽  
Cycling Exercise ◽  
Walking Test ◽  
Hand Grip

Introduction: Haemodialysis patients are at an increased risk of sarcopenia. Physical inactivity is now recognised as a major cause of muscle wasting in haemodialysis patients. It is unclear as to what and how much exercise is required to show benefit. We therefore performed a pilot study of cycling during haemodialysis. Methods: Patients underwent a progressive submaximal individualised cycling exercise, 3× a week during haemodialysis for 4 months using bed-cycle ergometers. Body composition was measured by multifrequency segmental bioimpedance and muscle function by 6-min walking test, and hand grip strength and pinch strength. Results: In total, 56% of patients in a dialysis centre fulfilled exercise study inclusion criteria and 13 (72.2%) of 18 patients completed the exercise programme, with the mean age of 64.0 ± 16.6 years and 76.9% being male. The 6-min walking test increased following exercise from 349 ± 105 to 398 ± 94.2 m, p < 0.05, as did both hand grip strength and pinch strength, with 20.4 ± 9.1 versus 23.4 ± 9.9 kg, p < 0.01, and 4.3 ± 1.8 versus 5.9 ± 2.4 kg, p < 0.05, respectively. There were no changes in appendicular muscle mass or other body composition detected with bioimpedance in either the exercise group, or 21 control patients, propensity matched for body composition, comorbidity and frailty. Muscle strength did not change in the control group. Haemodialysis sessional Kt/Vurea was greater at the end of the exercise programme compared to controls (1.63 ± 0.63 vs 1.21 ± 0.12, p < 0.01). Conclusion: The majority of dialysis centre patients met our exercise study entry criteria and could potentially benefit from cycling during haemodialysis. We found that muscle function and strength improved after a 4-month, thrice weekly cycling exercise programme.

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