scholarly journals Microtubule-based perception of mechanical conflicts controls plant organ morphogenesis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothee Stöckle ◽  
Blanca Jazmin Reyes-Hernández ◽  
Amaya Vilches Barro ◽  
Milica Nenadic ◽  
Zsófia Winter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Root ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Cortical Microtubule ◽  
Root Initiation ◽  
Lateral Root Formation ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Microtubule Organization ◽  
Plant Organ ◽  
Lateral Root Initiation ◽  
Root Morphogenesis

ABSTRACTPrecise coordination between cells and tissues is essential for differential growth in plants. During lateral root formation in Arabidopsis thaliana, the endodermis is actively remodeled to allow outgrowth of the new organ. Here, we show that microtubule arrays facing lateral root founder cells display a higher order compared to arrays on the opposite wall of the same cell, and this asymmetry is required for endodermal remodeling and lateral root initiation. We identify that MICROTUBULE ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 70-5 is necessary for the establishment of this spatially defined microtubule organization and endodermis remodeling, and thus contributes to lateral root morphogenesis. We propose that MAP70-5 and cortical microtubule arrays in the endodermis integrate the mechanical signals generated by lateral root outgrowth, facilitating the channeling of organogenesis.

scholarly journals Integration of Cell Growth and Asymmetric Division During Lateral Root Initiation In Arabidopsis thaliana

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilli Schuetz ◽  
Marion Louveaux ◽  
Amaya Vilches Barro ◽  
Sami Bouziri ◽  
Lorenzo Cerrone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Root Initiation ◽  
Lateral Root Formation ◽  
Lateral Root Initiation ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction

Lateral root formation determines to a large extent the ability of plants to forage their environment and thus their growth. In Arabidopsis thaliana and other angiosperms, lateral root initiation requires radial cell expansion and several rounds of anticlinal cell divisions that give rise to a central core of small pericycle cells, which express different markers than the larger surrounding cells. These small central cells then switch their plane of divisions to periclinal, and give rise to seemingly morphologically similar daughter cells that have different identities and establish the different cell types of the new root. Although the execution of these two types of divisions is tightly regulated and essential for the correct development of the lateral root, we know little about their geometrical features. Here we analyse a four-dimensional reconstruction of the first stages of lateral root formation and analyze the geometric features of the anticlinal and periclinal divisions. We identify that the periclinal divisions of the small central cells are morphologically dissimilar and asymmetric. We show that mother cell volume is different when looking at anticlinal versus periclinal divisions and the repeated anticlinal divisions do not lead to reduction in cell volume although cells are shorter. Finally, we show that cells undergoing a periclinal division are characterized by a strong cell expansion. Our results indicate that cells integrate growth and division to precisely partition their volume upon division during the first two stages of lateral root formation.

scholarly journals Integration of Cell Growth and Asymmetric Division During Lateral Root Initiation In Arabidopsis thaliana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilli Marie Schütz ◽  
Marion Louveaux ◽  
Amaya Vilches Barro ◽  
Sami Bouziri ◽  
Lorenzo Cerrone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Root Initiation ◽  
Lateral Root Formation ◽  
Lateral Root Initiation

Abstract Lateral root formation determines to a large extent the ability of plants to forage their environment and thus their growth. In Arabidopsis thaliana and other angiosperms, lateral root initiation requires radial cell expansion and several rounds of anticlinal cell divisions that give rise to a central core of small cells, which express different markers than the larger surrounding cells. These small central cells then switch their plane of divisions to periclinal, and give rise to seemingly morphologically similar daughter cells that have different identities and establish the different cell types of the new root. Although the execution of these anticlinal and periclinal divisions is tightly regulated and essential for the correct development of the lateral root, we know little about their geometrical features. Here we generate a four-dimensional reconstruction of the first stages of lateral root formation and analyze the geometric features of the anticlinal and periclinal divisions. We identify that the periclinal divisions of the small central cells are morphologically dissimilar and asymmetric. We show that mother cell volume is different when looking at anticlinal versus periclinal divisions and the repeated anticlinal divisions do not lead to reduction in cell volume although cells are shorter. Finally, we show that cells undergoing a periclinal division are characterized by a strong cell expansion. Our results indicate that cells integrate growth and division to precisely partition their volume upon division during the first two stages of lateral root formation.

scholarly journals Dynamic cytokinin signalling landscapes during lateral root formation in Arabidopsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milica Nenadić ◽  
Joop E. M. Vermeer
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Root ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Lateral Root Formation ◽  
Lateral Root Initiation ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Root Organogenesis ◽  
Cell Layers

Abstract By forming lateral roots, plants expand their root systems to improve anchorage and absorb more water and nutrients from the soil. Each phase of this developmental process in Arabidopsis is tightly regulated by dynamic and continuous signalling of the phytohormones cytokinin and auxin. While the roles of auxin in lateral root organogenesis and spatial accommodation by overlying cell layers have been well studied, insights on the importance of cytokinin is still somewhat limited. Cytokinin is a negative regulator of lateral root formation with versatile modes of action being activated at different root developmental zones. Here, we review the latest progress made towards our understanding of these spatially separated mechanisms of cytokinin-mediated signalling that shape lateral root initiation, outgrowth and emergence and highlight some of the enticing open questions.

Lateral root formation and nutrients: nitrogen in the spotlight

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Mathieu Pélissier ◽  
Hans Motte ◽  
Tom Beeckman
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Root System ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Lateral Root Formation ◽  
Lateral Root Development

Abstract Lateral roots are important to forage for nutrients due to their ability to increase the uptake area of a root system. Hence, it comes as no surprise that lateral root formation is affected by nutrients or nutrient starvation, and as such contributes to the root system plasticity. Understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating root adaptation dynamics towards nutrient availability is useful to optimize plant nutrient use efficiency. There is at present a profound, though still evolving, knowledge on lateral root pathways. Here, we aimed to review the intersection with nutrient signaling pathways to give an update on the regulation of lateral root development by nutrients, with a particular focus on nitrogen. Remarkably, it is for most nutrients not clear how lateral root formation is controlled. Only for nitrogen, one of the most dominant nutrients in the control of lateral root formation, the crosstalk with multiple key signals determining lateral root development is clearly shown. In this update, we first present a general overview of the current knowledge of how nutrients affect lateral root formation, followed by a deeper discussion on how nitrogen signaling pathways act on different lateral root-mediating mechanisms for which multiple recent studies yield insights.

scholarly journals Involvement of cytokinins in adventitious and lateral root formation

Plant Root ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Kuroha ◽  
Shinobu Satoh
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Root ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Lateral Root Formation

scholarly journals Cross–talk between nitric oxide and Ca2+in elevated CO2-induced lateral root formation

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e23106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Wang ◽  
Yaofang Niu ◽  
Rushan Chai ◽  
Miao Liu ◽  
Yongsong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Lateral Root Formation
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