scholarly journals Endogenous virus sRNA regulates gene expression following genome shock in tomato hybrids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Lopez-Gomollon ◽  
Sebastian Y Mueller ◽  
David C Baulcombe
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Genome Rearrangement ◽  
Alternative Mechanism ◽  
Endogenous Virus ◽  
Natural Evolution ◽  
Phenotypic Changes ◽  
Induced Variation

Hybridization and environmental stress trigger genome shock that perturbs patterns of gene expression leading to phenotypic changes. In extreme examples it is associated to transposon mobilization and genome rearrangement. Here we discover a novel alternative mechanism in interspecific Solanum hybrids in which changes to gene expression were associated with DCL2-mediated small (s)RNAs derived from endogenous (para)retroviruses (EPRVs). Correspondingly, the altered patterns of gene expression overlapped with the effects of dcl2 mutation and the changes to sRNA profiles involved 22nt species produced in the DCL2 biogenesis pathway. These findings implicate hybridization-induced genome shock leading to EPRV activation and sRNA silencing as causing changes in gene expression. Such hybridization-induced variation in gene expression could increase the range of traits available for selection in natural evolution or in breeding for agriculture.

scholarly journals Gene expression profiles of the colonic mucosa associated with phenotypic changes in mice fed high‐fat diet

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Jung Bae ◽  
Youn-Kyung Bak ◽  
Taesun Park ◽  
Myung-Sook Choi ◽  
Jeongseon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Colonic Mucosa ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Phenotypic Changes

scholarly journals The environmental stress response causes ribosome loss in aneuploid yeast cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (29) ◽  
pp. 17031-17040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allegra Terhorst ◽  
Arzu Sandikci ◽  
Abigail Keller ◽  
Charles A. Whittaker ◽  
Maitreya J. Dunham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Budding Yeast ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Environmental Stress Response ◽  
Cellular Stresses

Aneuploidy, a condition characterized by whole chromosome gains and losses, is often associated with significant cellular stress and decreased fitness. However, how cells respond to the aneuploid state has remained controversial. In aneuploid budding yeast, two opposing gene-expression patterns have been reported: the “environmental stress response” (ESR) and the “common aneuploidy gene-expression” (CAGE) signature, in which many ESR genes are oppositely regulated. Here, we investigate this controversy. We show that the CAGE signature is not an aneuploidy-specific gene-expression signature but the result of normalizing the gene-expression profile of actively proliferating aneuploid cells to that of euploid cells grown into stationary phase. Because growth into stationary phase is among the strongest inducers of the ESR, the ESR in aneuploid cells was masked when stationary phase euploid cells were used for normalization in transcriptomic studies. When exponentially growing euploid cells are used in gene-expression comparisons with aneuploid cells, the CAGE signature is no longer evident in aneuploid cells. Instead, aneuploid cells exhibit the ESR. We further show that the ESR causes selective ribosome loss in aneuploid cells, providing an explanation for the decreased cellular density of aneuploid cells. We conclude that aneuploid budding yeast cells mount the ESR, rather than the CAGE signature, in response to aneuploidy-induced cellular stresses, resulting in selective ribosome loss. We propose that the ESR serves two purposes in aneuploid cells: protecting cells from aneuploidy-induced cellular stresses and preventing excessive cellular enlargement during slowed cell cycles by down-regulating translation capacity.

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