scholarly journals A merger between compatible but divergent genomes supports allopolyploidization in the Brassicaceae family

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hosub Shin ◽  
Jeong Eun Park ◽  
Hye Rang Park ◽  
Woo Lee Choi ◽  
Seung Hwa Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Evolution ◽  
Gene Body Methylation ◽  
Transcription Network ◽  
Hybrid Genome ◽  
Single Nucleus ◽  
Nuclear Environment ◽  
In Trans ◽  
Genome Divergence ◽  
Genome Stabilization ◽  
Brassicaceae Family

AbstractHybridization and polyploidization are pivotal to plant evolution. Genetic crosses between distantly related species rarely occur in nature mainly due to reproductive barriers but how such hurdles can be overcome is largely unknown. xBrassicoraphanus is a fertile intergeneric allopolyploid synthesized between Brassica rapa and Raphanus sativus in the Brassicaceae family. Genomes of B. rapa and R. sativus are diverged enough to suppress synapsis formation between non-homologous progenitor chromosomes during meiosis, and we found that both genomes reside in the single nucleus of xBrassicoraphanus without genome loss or rearrangement. Expressions of syntenic orthologs identified in B. rapa and R. sativus were adjusted to a hybrid nuclear environment of xBrassicoraphanus, which necessitates reconfiguration of transcription network by rewiring cis-trans interactions. B. rapa coding sequences have a higher level of gene-body methylation than R. sativus, and such methylation asymmetry is maintained in xBrassicoraphanus. B. rapa-originated transposable elements were transcriptionally silenced in xBrassicoraphanus, rendered by gain of CHG methylation in trans via small RNAs derived from the same sequences of R. sativus subgenome. Our work proposes that not only transcription compatibility but also a certain extent of genome divergence supports hybrid genome stabilization, which may explain great diversification and expansion of angiosperms during evolution.

scholarly journals Cytogenetic and molecular characteristics of rye genome in octoploid triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack)

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena V. Evtushenko ◽  
Yulia A. Lipikhina ◽  
Petr I. Stepochkin ◽  
Alexander V. Vershinin
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Plant Evolution ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Intergeneric Hybridization ◽  
Spike Density ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Hybrid Genome ◽  
Meiotic Stability ◽  
Octoploid Triticale

Alloploidization resulting from remote (interspecific or intergeneric) hybridization is one of the main factors in plant evolution, leading to the formation of new species. Triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack, 1889) is the first artificial species created by crossing wheat (Triticum spp.) and rye (Secale cereale Linnaeus, 1753) and has a great potential as a grain and forage crop. Remote hybridization is a stress factor that causes a rapid reorganization of the parental genomes in hybrid progeny (“genomic shock”) and is accompanied by abnormalities in the chromosome set of hybrids. The formation of the hybrid genome and its subsequent stabilization are directly related to the normalization of meiosis and the correct chromosome segregation. The aim of this work was to cytogenetically characterize triticale (× Triticosecale rimpaui Wittmack, 1899, AABBDDRR) obtained by crossing Triticum aestivum Linnaeus, 1753. Triple Dirk D × Secale cereale L. Korotkostebel’naya 69 in F3–F6 generations of hybrids, and to trace the process of genetic stabilization of hybrid genomes. Also, a comparative analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the centromeric histone CENH3 genes was performed in wheat-rye allopolyploids of various ploidy as well as their parental forms. In the hybrid genomes of octoploid triticale an increased expression of the rye CENH3 variants was detected. The octoploid triticale plants contain complete chromosome sets of the parental subgenomes maintaining the chromosome balance and meiotic stability. For three generations the percentage of aneuploids in the progeny of such plants has been gradually decreasing, and they maintain a complete set of the paternal rye chromosomes. However, the emergence of hexaploid and new aneuploid plants in F5 and F6 generations indicates that stabilization of the hybrid genome is not complete yet. This conclusion was confirmed by the analysis of morphological features in hybrid plants: the progeny of one plant having the whole chromosome sets of parental subgenomes showed significant morphological variations in awn length and spike density. Thus, we expect that the results of our karyotyping of octoploid triticales obtained by crossing hexaploid wheat to diploid rye supplemented by comparative analysis of CENH3 sequences will be applicable to targeted breeding of stable octo- and hexaploid hybrids.

Author response for "TIM-3 and CEACAM1 do not interact in cis and in trans"

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika De Sousa Linhares ◽  
Florian Kellner ◽  
Sabrina Jutz ◽  
Gerhard J. Zlabinger ◽  
Hans-Joachim Gabius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Author Response ◽  
In Trans ◽  
In Cis

Resection Control in Trans-sphenoidal Surgery of Pituitary Macroadenoma by Intraoperative High-Field MRI

Skull Base ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (S 2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris von Keller ◽  
R. Fahlbusch ◽  
O. Ganslandt ◽  
C. Nimsky
Keyword(s):  
High Field ◽  
Pituitary Macroadenoma ◽  
High Field Mri ◽  
Resection Control ◽  
In Trans

Internal Comparison of Open Microscopic versus Endoscopic Approach in Trans-sphenoidal Surgery

Skull Base ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrazag Ajlan ◽  
Anthony Zeitouni ◽  
Denis Sirhan
Keyword(s):  
Endoscopic Approach ◽  
In Trans ◽  
Internal Comparison

Our experiences in Trans-Obturator Tape surgery after performing 150 cases

2007 ◽  
Vol 148 (35) ◽  
pp. 1649-1655
Author(s):  
Roland Csorba ◽  
Rudolf Lampé ◽  
Dezső Simó ◽  
György Bacskó ◽  
Róbert Póka
Keyword(s):  
In Trans

Európában a felnőtt nők közel 30 százaléka szenved a vizelet-visszatartás zavarától. A néhány éve megjelent Trans-Obturator Tape (TOT) műtét egy újabb lehetőséget ad a stresszinkontinencia műtéti gyógyítására. Betegek és módszerek: A kivizsgálás részletes anamnézisfelvételből, stressz- és Q-tip-tesztet is magában foglaló, általános és nőgyógyászati fizikális vizsgálatból, illetve a QUID- (The Questionnaire for Urinary lncontinence Diagnosis) kérdőív kitöltéséből állt. Nem egyértelmű esetekben urodinámiás vizsgálat történt. A szerzők százötven betegen végeztek Trans-Obturator Tape beültetést. A műtét eredményességének értékelését szintén QUID-kérdőívek segítségével végezték. Eredmények: A betegek átlagéletkora 50,8 év volt (SD = 8,64). 69 páciensnek (46%) volt tisztán stresszinkontinenciája, 33 betegnek (22%) késztetéses inkontinenciája, míg 48 esetben (32%) stresszdominanciával kevert inkontinenciát mutattak ki. Az átlagos követési idő 16 hónap (4–26 hónap) volt. A stresszinkontinencia átlagos preoperatív súlyossági pontértéke 11,78, az urge-komponensé 6,63 volt. Az átlagos műtéti idő 25 perc volt. 150 műtét kapcsán szövődményt 4 esetben észleltek. 12 betegnek volt szüksége katéter viselésére 24 órán túl, a leghosszabb katéterezési idő 5 nap volt. Az átlagos ápolási idő 4,76 nap (SD = 0,8) volt. A posztoperatív kérdőívek elemzésekor a stresszkomponensre vonatkozó átlagos súlyossági pont 2,22, az urge-komponensé 2,59 volt. Az elégedettségi felmérésben 46 beteg nagyon jónak (47,4%), 39 jónak (40,2%), 7 közepesnek (7,2%), 3 gyengének (3,1%), 2 beteg pedig eredménytelennek (2,1%) ítélte meg a beavatkozást. Következtetések: A módszer avatott kezekben kiemelkedő hatékonyságú, minimálinvazív, gyors műtét, mely rövid kórházi ápolással és kevés szövődménnyel jár.

Anxious Breath

Screen Bodies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-128
Author(s):  
Lara Bochmann ◽  
Erin Hampson
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Short Film ◽  
Affective States ◽  
The World ◽  
In Trans ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Everyday Task

This article is a theoretical, audiovisual, and personal exploration of being a trans and non-binary person and the challenges this position produces at the moment of entering the outside world. Getting ready to enter public space is a seemingly mundane everyday task. However, in the context of a world that continuously fails or refuses to recognize trans and non-binary people, the literal act of stepping outside can mean to move from a figurative state of self-determination to one of imposition. We produced a short film project called Step Out to delve into issues of vulnerability and recognition that surface throughout experiences of crossing the threshold into public space. It explores the acts performed as preparation to face the world, and invokes the emotions this can conquer in trans and non-binary people. Breathing is the leading metaphor in the film, indicating existence and resistance simultaneously. The article concludes with a discussion of affective states and considers them, along with failed recognition, through the lens of Lauren Berlant’s concept of “cruel optimism.”

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