scholarly journals Cervicovaginal microbiota predicts Neisseria gonorrhoeae clinical presentation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Lovett ◽  
Arlene C. Seña ◽  
Andrew N. Macintyre ◽  
Gregory D. Sempowski ◽  
Joseph A. Duncan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Genital Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Genital Tract ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals

AbstractNeisseria gonorrhoeae infection of the female lower genital tract can present with a spectrum of phenotypes ranging from asymptomatic carriage to symptomatic cervical inflammation, or cervicitis. The factors that contribute to the development of asymptomatic or symptomatic infections are largely uncharacterized. We conducted a pilot study to assess differences in the cervicovaginal microbial community of patients presenting with symptomatic vs. asymptomatic N. gonorrhoeae infections to a sexually transmitted infections (STI) clinic. DNA was isolated from cervicovaginal swab specimens from women who tested positive for N. gonorrhoeae infection using a clinical diagnostic nucleic acid amplification test. We performed deep sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicons, followed by microbiome analyses with QIIME, and species-specific real-time PCR to assess the composition of microbial communities cohabitating the lower genital tract with the infecting N. gonorrhoeae. Specimens collected from asymptomatic individuals with N. gonorrhoeae infection and no co-infection with Chlamydia trachomatis and/or Trichomonas vaginalis carried Lactobacillus-dominant microbial communities more frequently than symptomatic patients without co-infection. When compared to asymptomatic individuals, symptomatic women had microbial communities characterized by more diverse and heterogenous bacterial taxa, typically associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV) (Prevotella, Sneathia, Mycoplasma hominis and Bacterial Vaginosis-Associated Bacterium-1 (BVAB1)/”Candidatus Lachnocurva vaginae). Both symptomatic and asymptomatic N. gonorrhoeae patients with additional STI co-infection displayed a BV-like microbial community. We used a murine model of N. gonorrhoeae infection in mice pre-colonized with Lactobacillus crispatus to test whether pre-existing L. crispatus was protective from N. gonorrhoeae colonization or whether N. gonorrhoeae infection could drive the loss of L. crispatus during infection. Vaginal infection with either N. gonorrhoeae strain 1291 or an isogenic mutant known to exhibit lower inflammatory had no impact on Lactobacillus burden recovered from the mice. These data taken together suggest that Lactobacillus-dominant vaginal microbial community may protect individuals from developing symptoms during lower genital tract infection with N. gonorrhoeae.

Lower genital tract infection with Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Icelandic women with salpingitis

1986 ◽  
Vol 155 (3) ◽  
pp. 602-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigurdur S. Magnússon ◽  
Thordur Oskarsson ◽  
Reynir T. Geirsson ◽  
Benedikt Sveinsson ◽  
Olafur Steingrimsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Genital Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Genital Tract ◽  
Lower Genital Tract Infection

scholarly journals Endometrial leukocyte subpopulations associated with Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Trichomonas vaginalis genital tract infection

2011 ◽  
Vol 205 (4) ◽  
pp. 324.e1-324.e7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth D. Reighard ◽  
Richard L. Sweet ◽  
Claudia Vicetti Miguel ◽  
Rodolfo D. Vicetti Miguel ◽  
Mamatha Chivukula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Genital Tract Infection

scholarly journals The Role of Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Counts from Urethra, Cervix, and Vaginal Wet Mount in Diagnosis of Nongonococcal Lower Genital Tract Infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Randjelovic ◽  
Amir Moghaddam ◽  
Birgitte Freiesleben de Blasio ◽  
Harald Moi
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Ureaplasma Urealyticum ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Genital Tract Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Genital Tract ◽  
Lower Genital Tract Infection

Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) inflammatory response in women with nongonococcal lower genital tract infection (LGTI) can be used to optimize criteria for syndromic treatment. Methods. A cross-sectional study of 375 women attending the STI clinic in Oslo. Urethral, cervical, and vaginal specimens underwent microscopy for PMNLs. Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) and other STIs were detected in the cervical/vaginal swabs and urine, using nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT). After excluding vulvovaginal candidiasis, genital herpes, and trichomoniasis, we correlated clinical and microscopic signs of inflammation with positive NAAT for Ct, mycoplasma genitalium (Mg), and Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu) in a subgroup of 293 women. Results. To predict a positive Ct, the combination of high cut-off urethritis (≥10 PMNLs/HPF) and microscopic cervicitis had a high specificity of 0.93, a PPV of 0.37, and a sensitivity of 0.35. LGTI criteria had low predicting values for Mg and Uu. Conclusion. Including microscopic criteria for the diagnosis of LGTI gives better indication for presumptive antibiotic treatment than anamnestic and clinical diagnosis alone.

scholarly journals Association of Lower Genital Tract Inflammation With Objective Evidence of Endometritis

2000 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey F. Peipert ◽  
Roberta B. Ness ◽  
David E. Soper ◽  
Debra Bass
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Genital Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Genital Tract ◽  
Objective Evidence ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Upper Genital Tract Infection ◽  
Group 1

The purpose of this report is to evaluate the association between lower genital tract inflammation and objectively diagnosed endometritis. We analyzed the first 157 patients enrolled in the PEACH study, a multicenter randomized clinical trial designed to compare the effectiveness of outpatient and inpatient therapy for PID. Women less than 38 years of age, who presented with a history of pelvic discomfort for 30 days or less and who were found to have pelvic organ tenderness (uterine or adnexal tenderness) on bimanual examination, were initially invited to participate. After recruitment of the first 58 patients (group 1) we added the presence of leukorrhea, mucopurulent cervicitis, or untreated positive test forN. gonorrhoeaeorC. trachomatisto the inclusion criteria (group 2, N = 99). We compared rates of endometritis in the two groups and calculated the sensitivity, specificity, and predicted values of the presence of white blood cells in the vaginal wet preparation. The rate of upper genital tract infection in group 1 was 46.5% (27/58) compared to 49.5% (49/99) in group 2. Microbiologic evidence of eitherN. gonorrhoeaeorC. trachomatisincreased from 22.4% in group 1 to 38.3% in group 2. The presence of Vaginal white blood cells or mueopus has a high sensitivity (88.9%), but a low specificity (19.4%) for the diagnosis of upper genital-tract infection. Assessment of the lower genital tract for evidence of infection or inflammation is a valuable component of the diagnostic evaluation of pelvic inflammatory disease. The presence of either mucopus or vaginal white blood cells is a highly sensitive test for endometritis in patients with pelvic pain and tenderness. Infect. Dis. Obstet. Gynecol. 8:83–87, 2000.

scholarly journals The influence of associated infection on the development of miscarriage

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
S. M. Yasnikovska ◽  
A. V. Hoshovska
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Genital Tract Infection ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Lower Genital Tract ◽  
Lower Genital Tract Infection ◽  
Tract Infections

The article presents the results of a study of the vaginal microbiota in women with miscarriage in early term of gestation. It has been established that pregnant women with lower genital tract infections are at high risk for perinatal and postpartum complications. In most of them (76.0 %) there was a lack of Preconception Prevention with the study of the vaginal biotope. In pregnant women at risk of miscarriage on the background of lower genital tract infection, microbial and viral associations are more common than monoinfection. Taking into account the negative effects of lower genital tract infection on the further course of pregnancy and childbirth and the condition of newborns, at the stage of Preconception Prevention should be studied vaginal microbiota. During pregnancy, it is necessary to conduct a thorough examination of women with timely identification of risk factors for miscarriage, which include associated infections, and their adequate correction.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

2020 ◽  
pp. 1025-1032
Author(s):  
Jackie Sherrard ◽  
Magnus Unemo
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Gonococcal Infection ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Lower Genital Tract ◽  
Direct Inoculation ◽  
Sex With Men

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a Gram-negative, intracellular diplococcus that is transmitted by direct inoculation of infected secretion from one mucosa to another. It primarily colonizes the columnar epithelium of lower genital tract, only occasionally spreading to the upper genital tract or causing systemic disease. Oropharyngeal and rectal infections are common in men who have sex with men but also occur in women. N. gonorrhoeae is almost exclusively transmitted by sexual activity. Oropharyngeal and rectal infections usually produce no symptoms; disseminated gonococcal infection is a comparatively benign bacteraemia affecting joints (particularly shoulder and knee) and skin; traditionally more common in women than men. The gonococcus has adapted rapidly to prevalent antimicrobial usage, leading to resistance to all antibiotics used for treatment, notably penicillins, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, tetracycline, and cephalosporins. This development has resulted in major concerns internationally and the introduction of international and national action/response plans as well as dual antimicrobial therapy.

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