scholarly journals Markerless Video Analysis of Spontaneous Bodily Movements in 4-Month-Old Infants Predicts Autism-like Behavior in 18-Month-Olds.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirokazu Doi ◽  
Naoya Iijima ◽  
Akira Furui ◽  
Zu Soh ◽  
Kazuyuki Shinohara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Screening Tool ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Linear Classifiers ◽  
Bodily Movement ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Bodily Movements

Early intervention is now considered the core treatment strategy for autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Thus, it is of significant clinical importance to establish a screening tool for the early detection of ASD in infants. To achieve this goal, in a longitudinal design, we analysed spontaneous bodily movements of 4-month-old infants and assessed their ASD-like behaviours at 18 months of age. Infants at high risk for ASD at 18 months of age exhibited less rhythmic and weaker bodily movement patterns at 4 months of age than low-risk infants. When the observed bodily movement patterns were submitted to a machine learning-based analysis, linear and non-linear classifiers successfully predicted ASD-like behaviour at 18 months of age based on the bodily movement patterns at 4 months of age, at the level acceptable for practical use. This suggests the utility of the proposed method for the early screening of infants at risk for ASD.

scholarly journals Early Stage in Identifying Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Through Screening and Diagnosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 660-663
Keyword(s):  
Screening Tool ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Positive Score ◽  
Screening And Diagnosis

The objective of the paper was to evaluate developed screening tools on autism students’ as early detection detect early signs especially on visual for ASD children. The outcomes of early intervention in ASD can be improved but it depends types of the treatment. Method of collecting data was using tool, observation and interview. In design, flowchart and storyboard are produced. While in development stage, learning media and materials are presented with visualization in the form of sound, text, videos and pictures. The results of this study are a positive score and feedback from children with ASD. They are easy to focus in using this tool instead of conventional screening tool. The students really attract to something that related to technology. However, the suggestion of a screening for ASD when concerning from their parents or family. The quality of the instruments and screening procedure are the challenges faced during the process. The advantages of early screening and detection among ASD is very to avoid parents unnecessary worry among parents.

scholarly journals The Early Screening for Autism and Communication Disorders: Field-testing an autism-specific screening tool for children 12 to 36 months of age

Autism ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 136236132110125
Author(s):  
Amy M Wetherby ◽  
Whitney Guthrie ◽  
Jessica L Hooker ◽  
Abigail Delehanty ◽  
Taylor N Day ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Very Young Children

There is a critical need for validated screening tools for autism spectrum disorder in very young children so families can access tailored intervention services as early as possible. Few screeners exist for children between the recommended screening ages of 18–24 months. This study examined the utility of a new autism-specific parent-report screening tool, the Early Screening for Autism and Communication Disorders for children 12–36 months. Field-testing was conducted from five sites with 471 children screened for communication delays in primary care or referred for familial risk or concern for autism spectrum disorder. The Early Screening for Autism and Communication Disorders was evaluated in three age groups: 12–17, 18–23, and 24–36 months. A best-estimate diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder, developmental delay, or typical development was made. Receiver operating characteristic curves were examined for all 46 items and the 30 items that best discriminated autism spectrum disorder from the non-spectrum groups. Area under the curve estimates for the total were greater than 0.90 across age groups. Cutoffs were established for each age group with sensitivity between 0.86 and 0.92 and specificity between 0.74 and 0.85. Results provide preliminary support for the validity of the Early Screening for Autism and Communication Disorders as an autism-specific screener in children 12–36 months with elevated risk of communication delay or autism spectrum disorder. Lay abstract There is a critical need for accurate screening tools for autism spectrum disorder in very young children so families can access tailored intervention services as early as possible. However, there are few screeners designed for children 18–24 months. Developing screeners that pick up on the signs of autism spectrum disorder in very young children has proved even more challenging. In this study, we examined a new autism-specific parent-report screening tool, the Early Screening for Autism and Communication Disorders for children between 12 and 36 months of age. Field-testing was done in five sites with 471 children screened for communication delays in primary care or referred for familial risk or concern for autism spectrum disorder. The Early Screening for Autism and Communication Disorders was tested in three age groups: 12–17, 18–23, and 24–36 months. A best-estimate diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder, developmental delay, or typical development was made. Analyses examined all 46 items and identified 30 items that best discriminated autism spectrum disorder from the non-spectrum groups. Cutoffs were established for each age group with good sensitivity and specificity. Results provide preliminary support for the accuracy of the Early Screening for Autism and Communication Disorders as an autism-specific screener in children 12–36 months with elevated risk of communication delay or autism spectrum disorder.

scholarly journals The Autism Birth Cohort (ABC):a study of autism spectrum disorders in MoBa

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pål Surén ◽  
Synnve Schjølberg ◽  
Anne-Siri Øyen ◽  
Kari Kveim Lie ◽  
Mady Hornig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Case Identification ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

<p><em>Background:</em> Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities. In most cases, the cause of ASD is likely to be a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental exposures occurring in fetal life or early infancy. Consequently, a prospective pregnancy cohort like MoBa represents an ideal platform for studies of ASDs in children.</p><p><em>Methods:</em> The Autism Birth Cohort (ABC) Study has identified potential ASD cases in MoBa through questionnaire- based screening, parental and professional referrals, and linkages to the Norwegian Patient Register. ASD diagnoses have been ascertained through in-person clinical assessments and medical record reviews.</p><p><em>Current results</em>: By the end of 2012, the ABC Study had identified 518 ASD cases in MoBa. The ASD prevalence in school-age children is 0.7-0.8%, which is in line with nationwide estimates for Norway. The most important source of ASD case identification was registry linkages, while only a minority was detected through early screening. Published findings show that screening at 18 months misses the majority of ASD cases. Analyses of risk factors for ASDs have shown that maternal use of folic acid supplements in early pregnancy may lower the child’s risk of developing ASDs and that paternal obesity appears to increase the child’s risk of ASDs.</p><p><em>Future plans: </em>ASD case identification will continue through annual registry linkages and subsequent reviews of medical records. Analyses of plasma samples and RNA samples will be conducted to investigate prenatal and perinatal microbial exposures, innate immune and inflammatory responses, biomarkers of autism risk, and exposures to xenobiotics. Analyses of deciduous teeth will also investigate the effect of medications and environmental toxins. Exome sequencing of DNA from ASD cases and their parents is ongoing, and will elucidate the role of <em>de novo</em> DNA mutations in the pathogenesis of ASDs. Future epidemiological analyses will explore the results of the 36-month screening for ASDs, the diagnostic stability and developmental trajectories in ASD children, and psychiatric and medical comorbidities in ASDs.</p>

Early screening for autism spectrum disorders: A primer for social work practice

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Dababnah ◽  
Susan L. Parish ◽  
Lauren Turner Brown ◽  
Stephen R. Hooper
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Work Practice ◽  
Social Work Practice ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Spectrum Disorders
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