scholarly journals Behavioral and postural analyses establish sleep-like states for mosquitoes that can impact interactions with hosts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwaseun M Ajayi ◽  
Justin M Marlman ◽  
Lucas A. Gleitz ◽  
Evan S Smith ◽  
Benjamin D Piller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Behavioral Correlates ◽  
Posture Analysis ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Sleep Assessment ◽  
Subsequent Phase ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Low Activity ◽  
Host Cues

Sleep is an evolutionarily conserved process that has been described in different animal systems. For insects, sleep characterization has been primarily achieved using behavioral and electrophysiological correlates in a few systems. Sleep in mosquitoes, which are important vectors of disease-causing pathogens, has not been directly examined. This is surprising as circadian rhythms, which have been well studied in mosquitoes, influence sleep in other systems. In this study, we characterized sleep in mosquitoes using body posture analysis and behavioral correlates, and quantified the effect of sleep deprivation on sleep rebound and host landing. Body and appendage position metrics revealed a clear distinction between the posture of mosquitoes in their putative sleep and awake states for multiple species, which correlates with a reduction in responsiveness to host cues. Sleep assessment informed by these posture analyses indicated significantly more sleep during periods of low activity. Nighttime and daytime sleep deprivation resulting from the delivery of vibration stimuli induced sleep rebound in the subsequent phase in day and night active mosquitoes, respectively. Lastly, sleep deprivation suppressed host landing in both laboratory and field settings when mosquitoes would normally be active. These results suggest that quantifiable sleep states occur in mosquitoes, and highlight the potential epidemiological importance of mosquito sleep.

Sleep deprivation: Effects on circadian rhythms of rat brain neurotransmitter receptors

1981 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Wirz-Justice ◽  
Irene Tobler ◽  
Marian S. Kafka ◽  
Dieter Naber ◽  
Paul J. Marangos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Neurotransmitter Receptors ◽  
Brain Neurotransmitter

scholarly journals BEHAVIORAL CORRELATES OF CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS IN THELIMULUSVISUAL SYSTEM

1985 ◽  
Vol 169 (3) ◽  
pp. 578-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAUREEN K. POWERS ◽  
ROBERT B. BARLOW
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Behavioral Correlates

The Effects of 48 Hours Total Sleep Deprivation on Human Physiology, Mood, and Memory

1989 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 625-629
Author(s):  
Mary L. Rankin ◽  
Georgia Latham ◽  
Robert D. Peters ◽  
David M. Penetar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Human Physiology ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Small Sample Sizes

Previous research regarding the effects of sleep deprivation (SD) on human physiology and mood has yielded conflicting results. These findings may in part be due to the use of small sample sizes and the failure to separate out the pure effects of SD from those of circadian rhythms during data analysis. One purpose of this study was to clearly identify the effects of 48 hours of SD on blood pressure, temperature, heart rate, and mood by overcoming the limitations of previous research. A second purpose was to evaluate the effects of SD on recognition memory. A repeated measures design was employed to collect physiological, mood, and memory data over a 48 hour period. While strong circadian rhythms were observed for most of the physiological and mood variables, recognition memory was unaffected by 48 hours of SD.

scholarly journals Resisting Sleep Deprivation by Breaking the Link Between Sleep and Circadian Rhythms

SLEEP ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1581-1582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon C. Warby ◽  
Valérie Mongrain
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Sleep Deprivation

Sleep and wake disorders in shift workers. Part II: Prevention and treatment strategies

1990 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
J. De Roeck ◽  
R. Cluydts ◽  
B. Leroy
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Present Review ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Good Sleep

SummaryThe present review deals with preventive and treatment strategies for sleep and wake disorders, and the other problems of shift workers. Management must take into account the direction, speed and other parameters of the rotation schedule. Good sleep-wake hygiene may alleviate the problems. Further, additional napping may compensate – at least partially – for sleep deprivation and fatigue. Hypnotics must be avoided as much as possible. Finally, new techniques for manipulation of circadian rhythms are discussed: light, melatonin and benzodiazepines.

scholarly journals Human UBN1 Is an Ortholog of Yeast Hpc2p and Has an Essential Role in the HIRA/ASF1a Chromatin-Remodeling Pathway in Senescent Cells

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 758-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gowrishankar Banumathy ◽  
Neeta Somaiah ◽  
Rugang Zhang ◽  
Yong Tang ◽  
Jason Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Suppression ◽  
Histone Chaperones ◽  
Human Orthologs ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Pathway Formation ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Suppression Process ◽  
Tissue Aging ◽  
A Site

ABSTRACT Cellular senescence is an irreversible proliferation arrest, tumor suppression process and likely contributor to tissue aging. Senescence is often characterized by domains of facultative heterochromatin, called senescence-associated heterochromatin foci (SAHF), which repress expression of proliferation-promoting genes. Given its likely contribution to tumor suppression and tissue aging, it is essential to identify all components of the SAHF assembly pathway. Formation of SAHF in human cells is driven by a complex of histone chaperones, namely, HIRA and ASF1a. In yeast, the complex orthologous to HIRA/ASF1a contains two additional proteins, Hpc2p and Hir3p. Using a sophisticated approach to search for remote orthologs conserved in multiple species through evolution, we identified the HIRA-associated proteins, UBN1 and UBN2, as candidate human orthologs of Hpc2p. We show that the Hpc2-related domain of UBN1, UBN2, and Hpc2p is an evolutionarily conserved HIRA/Hir-binding domain, which directly interacts with the N-terminal WD repeats of HIRA/Hir. UBN1 binds to proliferation-promoting genes that are repressed by SAHF and associates with histone methyltransferase activity that methylates lysine 9 of histone H3, a site that is methylated in SAHF. UBN1 is indispensable for formation of SAHF. We conclude that UBN1 is an ortholog of yeast Hpc2p and a novel regulator of senescence.

scholarly journals The tail of cryptochromes: an intrinsically disordered cog within the mammalian circadian clock

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Carlo G. Parico ◽  
Carrie L. Partch
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Ubiquitin Ligases ◽  
Cry Proteins ◽  
Intrinsically Disordered ◽  
Homology Region ◽  
Terminal Domain ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

AbstractCryptochrome (CRY) proteins play an essential role in regulating mammalian circadian rhythms. CRY is composed of a structured N-terminal domain known as the photolyase homology region (PHR), which is tethered to an intrinsically disordered C-terminal tail. The PHR domain is a critical hub for binding other circadian clock components such as CLOCK, BMAL1, PERIOD, or the ubiquitin ligases FBXL3 and FBXL21. While the isolated PHR domain is necessary and sufficient to generate circadian rhythms, removing or modifying the cryptochrome tails modulates the amplitude and/or periodicity of circadian rhythms, suggesting that they play important regulatory roles in the molecular circadian clock. In this commentary, we will discuss how recent studies of these intrinsically disordered tails are helping to establish a general and evolutionarily conserved model for CRY function, where the function of PHR domains is modulated by reversible interactions with their intrinsically disordered tails.

Circadian rhythms and sleep deprivation

Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 353 (6300) ◽  
pp. 660-662
Author(s):  
P. Stern
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Sleep Deprivation

scholarly journals Chronobiology and mood disorders

2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-325 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Seasonal Affective Disorder ◽  
Bright Light ◽  
Mood Stabilizers ◽  
Phase Advance ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Recovery Sleep

The clinical observations of diurnal variation of mood and early morning awakening in depression have been incorporated into established diagnostic systems, as has the seasonal modifier defining winter depression (seasonal affective disorder, SAD). Many circadian rhythms measured in depressive patients are abnormal: earlier in timing, diminished in amplitude, or of greater variability. Whether these disturbances are of etiological significance for the role of circadian rhythms in mood disorders, or a consequence of altered behavior can only be dissected out with stringent protocols (eg, constant routine or forced desynchrony). These protocols quantify contributions of the circadian pacemaker and a homeostatic sleep process impacting on mood, energy, appetite, and sleep. Future studies will elucidate any allelic mutations in "circadian clock" -related or "sleep"-related genes in depression. With respect to treatment, antidepressants and mood stabilizers have no consistent effect on circadian rhythmicity. The most rapid antidepressant modality known so far is nonpharmacological: total or partial sleep deprivation in the second half of the night. The disadvantage of sleep deprivation, that most patients relapse after recovery sleep, can be prevented by coadministration of lithium, pindolol, serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitors, bright light, or a subsequent phase-advance procedure. Phase advance of the sleep-wake cycle alone also has rapid effects on depressed mood, which lasts longer than sleep deprivation. Light is the treatment of choice for SAD and may prove to be useful for nonseasonal depression, alone or as an adjunct to medication. Chronobiological concepts emphasize the important role of zeitgebers to stabilize phase, light being the most important, but dark (and rest) periods, regularity of social schedules and meal times, and use of melatonin or its analogues should also be considered. Advances in chronobiology continue to contribute novel treatments for affective disorders.

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