Optogenetic induction of appetitive and aversive taste memories in Drosophila

Tastes are typically thought to evoke innate appetitive or aversive behaviours, prompting food acceptance or rejection. However, research in Drosophila melanogaster indicates that taste responses can be modified through experience-dependent changes in mushroom body circuits. In this study, we develop a novel taste learning paradigm using closed-loop optogenetics. We find that appetitive and aversive taste memories can be formed by pairing gustatory stimuli with optogenetic activation of sensory or dopaminergic neurons associated with reward or punishment. As with olfactory memories, distinct dopaminergic subpopulations drive the parallel formation of short- and long-term appetitive memories. Long-term memories are protein synthesis-dependent and have energetic requirements that are satisfied by a variety of caloric food sources or by direct stimulation of MB-MP1 dopaminergic neurons. Our paradigm affords new opportunities to probe plasticity mechanisms within the taste system and understand the extent to which taste responses are experience dependent.

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Characterization of nitrergic neurotransmission during short-and long-term electrical stimulation of the rabbit anococcygeus muscle

British Journal of Pharmacology ◽

10.1111/j.1476-5381.1995.tb15017.x ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 115 (7) ◽

pp. 1149-1154 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Lubomir Kasakov ◽

Selim Cellek ◽

Salvador Moncada

Keyword(s):

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Anococcygeus Muscle ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Stimulation Of

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Robust Constrained Optimization of Short and Long-Term NPV for Closed-Loop Reservoir Management

10.2118/141314-ms ◽

2011 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Chaohui Chen ◽

Gaoming Li ◽

Albert Coburn Reynolds

Keyword(s):

Constrained Optimization ◽

Closed Loop ◽

Reservoir Management ◽

Short And Long Term

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Effects of electrical stimulation of rat limbic system and midbrain reticular formation upon short- and long-term memory

Physiology & Behavior ◽

10.1016/0031-9384(74)90061-4 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 5-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Raymond P. Kesner ◽

Hubert S. Conner

Keyword(s):

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Reticular Formation ◽

Limbic System ◽

Long Term Memory ◽

Term Memory ◽

Midbrain Reticular Formation ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Stimulation Of

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Electrochemical stimulation of plasma LH and hypothalamic norepinephrine concentrations at short- and long-term intervals after hypothalamic knife cuts

Brain Research ◽

10.1016/0006-8993(85)90194-5 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 347 (2) ◽

pp. 328-335 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Christopher P. Phelps ◽

Samuel Saporta

Keyword(s):

Short And Long Term ◽

Stimulation Of

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Uric Acid and Plant-Based Nutrition

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11081736 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1736 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jakše ◽

Pajek ◽

Pajek

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Additional Data ◽

Great Majority ◽

Food Sources ◽

Limited Data ◽

Acid Generation ◽

Purine Content ◽

Brassica Vegetables ◽

Short And Long Term

Plant-based diets (PBDs) are associated with decreased risk of morbidity and mortality associated with important noncommunicable chronic diseases. Similar to animal-based food sources (e.g., meat, fish, and animal visceral organs), some plant-based food sources (e.g., certain soy legume products, sea vegetables, and brassica vegetables) also contain a high purine load. Suboptimally designed PBDs might consequently be associated with increased uric acid levels and gout development. Here, we review the available data on this topic, with a great majority of studies showing reduced risk of hyperuricemia and gout with vegetarian (especially lacto-vegetarian) PBDs. Additionally, type of ingested purines, fiber, vitamin C, and certain lifestyle factors work in concordance to reduce uric acid generation in PBDs. Recent limited data show that even with an exclusive PBD, uric acid concentrations remain in the normal range in short- and long-term dieters. The reasonable consumption of plant foods with a higher purine content as a part of PBDs may therefore be safely tolerated in normouricemic individuals, but additional data is needed in hyperuricemic individuals, especially those with chronic kidney disease.

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Oxytocin functions as a spatiotemporal filter for excitatory synaptic inputs to VTA dopamine neurons

eLife ◽

10.7554/elife.33892 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Lei Xiao ◽

Michael F Priest ◽

Yevgenia Kozorovitskiy

Keyword(s):

Synaptic Transmission ◽

Dopamine Neurons ◽

Optogenetic Stimulation ◽

Excitatory Transmission ◽

Specific Manner ◽

Show Evidence ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Meaningful Stimuli ◽

Stimulation Of

The experience of rewarding or aversive stimuli is encoded by distinct afferents to dopamine (DA) neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Several neuromodulatory systems including oxytocin regulate DA neuron excitability and synaptic transmission that process socially meaningful stimuli. We and others have recently characterized oxytocinergic modulation of activity in mouse VTA DA neurons, but the mechanisms underlying oxytocinergic modulation of synaptic transmission in DA neurons remain poorly understood. Here, we find that oxytocin application or optogenetic release decrease excitatory synaptic transmission, via long lasting, presynaptic, endocannabinoid-dependent mechanisms. Oxytocin modulation of excitatory transmission alters the magnitude of short and long-term depression. We find that only some glutamatergic projections to DA neurons express CB1 receptors. Optogenetic stimulation of three major VTA inputs demonstrates that oxytocin modulation is limited to projections that show evidence of CB1R transcripts. Thus, oxytocin gates information flow into reward circuits in a temporally selective and pathway-specific manner.

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