scholarly journals Inducible expression of immediate early genes is regulated through dynamic chromatin association by NF45/ILF2 and NF90/ILF3

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting-Hsuan Wu ◽  
Lingfang Shi ◽  
Anson W. Lowe ◽  
Mark R. Nicolls ◽  
Peter N. Kao
Keyword(s):  
Early Response ◽  
Inducible Expression ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Immediate Early ◽  
Hek293 Cells ◽  
Signaling Cascades ◽  
Chromatin Regulators ◽  
Nuclear Factors ◽  
Erythroleukemia Cells ◽  
Cellular Stimulation

ABSTRACTImmediate early gene (IEG) transcription is rapidly activated by diverse stimuli without requiring new protein synthesis. This transcriptional regulation is assumed to involve constitutively expressed nuclear factors that are targets of signaling cascades initiated at the cell membrane. NF45 and its heterodimeric partner NF90 are chromatin-interacting proteins that are constitutively expressed and localized predominantly in the nucleus. Previously, NF90 chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing (ChIP-seq) in K562 erythroleukemia cells revealed its enriched association with chromatin at active promoters and strong enhancers. NF90 specifically occupied the promoters of IEGs. Here, ChIP in serum-starved HEK293 cells demonstrated that NF45 and NF90 pre-exist and specifically occupy the promoters of IEG transcription factors EGR1, FOS and JUN. Cellular stimulation with phorbol myristyl acetate increased NF90 occupancy, while decreasing NF45 occupancy at promoters of EGR1, FOS and JUN. In HEK293 cells stably transfected with doxycycline-inducible shRNA vectors targeting NF90 or NF45, doxycycline-mediated knockdown of NF90 or NF45 attenuated the inducible expression of EGR1, FOS, and JUN at the levels of mRNA and protein. NF90 and NF45 operate as constitutively-expressed transcriptional regulators of IEGs. Dynamic chromatin association of NF45 and NF90 at IEG promoters are observed upon stimulation, and NF45 and NF90 contribute to inducible expression of IEGs. NF45 and NF90 operate as chromatin regulators of the immediate early response.

Growth factor-induced delayed early response genes

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3919-3929
Author(s):  
A Lanahan ◽  
J B Williams ◽  
L K Sanders ◽  
D Nathans
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Integral Membrane Protein ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Immediate Early ◽  
Human Macrophage ◽  
Cellular Genes ◽  
Gene Response ◽  
Early Response Genes

Growth factors induce the sequential expression of cellular genes whose products are thought to mediate long-term responses to the growth factors. In mouse 3T3 fibroblastic cells, the first genes to be expressed (immediate-early genes) are activated within minutes after the addition of platelet-derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, or serum. By cDNA cloning, we have identified genes that are activated after a delay of a few hours and several hours prior to serum-induced DNA replication. Activation of these delayed early response genes requires new protein synthesis, presumably the synthesis of immediate-early transcription factors described previously. Partial or complete sequencing of 13 different delayed early cDNAs, representing about 40% of the 650 primary cDNA isolates, revealed that 8 were related to known gene sequences and 5 were not. Among the former are cDNAs encoding nonhistone chromosomal proteins [HMGI(Y) and HMGI-C], adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT), a protein related to human macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a protein of the major intrinsic protein (MIP) family homologous to the integral membrane protein of human erythrocytes, and cyclin CYL1. In 3T3 cells, the delayed early gene response to growth factors appears to be at least as complex as the immediate-early gene response previously described.

scholarly journals Mef2 induction of the immediate early gene Hr38/Nr4a is terminated by Sirt1 to promote ethanol tolerance

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratik Adhikari ◽  
Donnoban Orozco ◽  
Fred W. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Behavioral Plasticity ◽  
Ethanol Tolerance ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Ethanol Exposure ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Immediate Early ◽  
Ethanol Preference ◽  
Acute Ethanol ◽  
Drug Naïve

Drug naïve animals given a single dose of ethanol show changed responses to subsequent doses, including the development of ethanol tolerance and ethanol preference. These simple forms of behavioral plasticity are due in part to changes in gene expression and neuronal properties. Surprisingly little is known about how ethanol initiates changes in gene expression or what the changes do. Here we demonstrate a role in ethanol plasticity for Hr38, the sole Drosophila homolog of the mammalian Nr4a1/2/3 class of immediate early response transcription factors. Acute ethanol exposure induces transient expression of Hr38 and other immediate early neuronal activity genes. Ethanol activates the Mef2 transcriptional activator to induce Hr38, and the Sirt1 histone/protein deacetylase terminates Hr38 induction. Loss of Hr38 decreases ethanol tolerance and causes precocious but short-lasting ethanol preference. Similarly, reduced Mef2 activity in all neurons or specifically in the mushroom body α/β neurons decreases ethanol tolerance; Sirt1 promotes ethanol tolerance in these same neurons. Genetically decreasing Hr38 expression levels in Sirt1 null mutants restores ethanol tolerance, demonstrating that both induction and termination of Hr38 expression are important for behavioral plasticity to proceed. These data demonstrate that Hr38 functions as an immediate early transcription factor that promotes ethanol behavioral plasticity.

scholarly journals Growth factor-induced delayed early response genes.

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3919-3929 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Lanahan ◽  
J B Williams ◽  
L K Sanders ◽  
D Nathans
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Integral Membrane Protein ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Immediate Early ◽  
Human Macrophage ◽  
Cellular Genes ◽  
Gene Response ◽  
Early Response Genes

Growth factors induce the sequential expression of cellular genes whose products are thought to mediate long-term responses to the growth factors. In mouse 3T3 fibroblastic cells, the first genes to be expressed (immediate-early genes) are activated within minutes after the addition of platelet-derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, or serum. By cDNA cloning, we have identified genes that are activated after a delay of a few hours and several hours prior to serum-induced DNA replication. Activation of these delayed early response genes requires new protein synthesis, presumably the synthesis of immediate-early transcription factors described previously. Partial or complete sequencing of 13 different delayed early cDNAs, representing about 40% of the 650 primary cDNA isolates, revealed that 8 were related to known gene sequences and 5 were not. Among the former are cDNAs encoding nonhistone chromosomal proteins [HMGI(Y) and HMGI-C], adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT), a protein related to human macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a protein of the major intrinsic protein (MIP) family homologous to the integral membrane protein of human erythrocytes, and cyclin CYL1. In 3T3 cells, the delayed early gene response to growth factors appears to be at least as complex as the immediate-early gene response previously described.

Evaluating regulatory elements of human cytomegalovirus major immediate early gene for enhancing transgene expression levels in CHO K1 and HEK293 cells

2010 ◽  
Vol 147 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 160-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariati ◽  
Yi Kai Ng ◽  
Sheng-Hao Chao ◽  
Miranda G.S. Yap ◽  
Yuansheng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Human Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Transgene Expression ◽  
Immediate Early Gene ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Immediate Early ◽  
Hek293 Cells ◽  
Expression Levels

Patterns and control of cell motility in the Xenopus gastrula

Development ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 125 (10) ◽  
pp. 1931-1942 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Wacker ◽  
A. Brodbeck ◽  
P. Lemaire ◽  
C. Niehrs ◽  
R. Winklbauer
Keyword(s):  
Cell Types ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Immediate Early ◽  
Migratory Behavior ◽  
Response Gene ◽  
Early Response Gene ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
And Control ◽  
Lamellipodia Formation

By comparing cells with respect to several motility-related properties and the ability to migrate on fibronectin, three cell types can be distinguished in the Xenopus gastrula. These occur in a distinct spatial pattern, thus defining three motility domains which do not correspond to the prospective germ layers. Migratory behavior is confined to a region encompassing the anterior mesoderm and endoderm. When stationary animal cap cells are induced to migrate by treatment with activin, cells become adhesive at low concentrations of fibronectin, show polarized protrusive activity, and form lamellipodia. Adhesion and polarization, but not lamellipodia formation, are mimicked by the immediate early response gene Mix.1. Goosecoid, another immediate early gene, is without effect when expressed alone in animal cap cells, but it acts synergistically with Mix.1 in the control of adhesion, and antagonistically in the polarization of protrusive activity. bFGF also induces migration, lamellipodia formation and polarization in animal cap cells, but has no effect on adhesion. By the various treatments of animal cap cells, new combinations of motile properties can be generated, yielding cell types which are not found in the embryo.

Phylogenetic relatedness and immediate early gene expression in black-capped chickadees

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher B. Sturdy ◽  
Marc T. Avey ◽  
Laurie L. Bloomfield ◽  
Julie E. Elie ◽  
Todd M. Freeberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Immediate Early Gene ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Immediate Early ◽  
Phylogenetic Relatedness ◽  
Early Gene Expression
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