scholarly journals Visual salience of the stop-signal affects neural dynamics of controlled inhibition

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pani Pierpaolo ◽  
Giarrocco Franco ◽  
Giamundo Margherita ◽  
Montanari Roberto ◽  
Brunamonti Emiliano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Stop Signal ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Visual Salience ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Perceptual Decision ◽  
Countermanding Task

AbstractThe countermanding or stop-signal task is broadly used to evaluate response inhibition: it sporadically requires to inhibit a movement upon an incoming salient stop-signal.To study the neural basis of arm movements inhibition we combined the approach typically employed for the study of perceptual-decision making with the countermanding task, that is broadly used to evaluate response inhibitionTo this aim we modified the salience of the stop-signal and we found that this modulation affected the ability to inhibit in macaque monkeys: coherently to what already observed in humans, we found that less salient stimuli deteriorate inhibitory performance. These behavioural results were subtended by neural modulations representing an inhibitory process that started later in time and showed a less steeper dynamic for stimuli difficult to be processed.This study shows that the neural patterns observed when deciding to stop are broadly similar to the neural patterns observed when deciding to act in the literature; thus it is a first step in investigating the perceptual decision making process involved in movement inhibition.

scholarly journals Catecholamine Modulation of Evidence Accumulation during Perceptual Decision Formation: A Randomized Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 1044-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard M. Loughnane ◽  
Méadhbh B. Brosnan ◽  
Jessica J. M. Barnes ◽  
Angela Dean ◽  
Sanjay L. Nandam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Behavioral Effect ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Perceptual Decision ◽  
Evidence Accumulation ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Catecholamine Levels

Recent behavioral modeling and pupillometry studies suggest that neuromodulatory arousal systems play a role in regulating decision formation but neurophysiological support for these observations is lacking. We employed a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover design to probe the impact of pharmacological enhancement of catecholamine levels on perceptual decision-making. Catecholamine levels were manipulated using the clinically relevant drugs methylphenidate and atomoxetine, and their effects were compared with those of citalopram and placebo. Participants performed a classic EEG oddball paradigm that elicits the P3b, a centro-parietal potential that has been shown to trace evidence accumulation, under each of the four drug conditions. We found that methylphenidate and atomoxetine administration shortened RTs to the oddball targets. The neural basis of this behavioral effect was an earlier P3b peak latency, driven specifically by an increase in its buildup rate without any change in its time of onset or peak amplitude. This study provides neurophysiological evidence for the catecholaminergic enhancement of a discrete aspect of human decision-making, that is, evidence accumulation. Our results also support theoretical accounts suggesting that catecholamines may enhance cognition via increases in neural gain.

scholarly journals Brain-behaviour relationships in the perceptual decision-making process through cognitive processing stages

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaheh Imani ◽  
Ahad Harati ◽  
Hamidreza Pourreza ◽  
Morteza Moazami Goudarzi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Neural Representation ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Perceptual Decision ◽  
Spatial Prioritization ◽  
Neural Signature ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Behavioral Characterization

AbstractPerceptual decision making, as a process of detecting and categorizing information, has been studied extensively over the last two decades. In this study, we investigated the neural characterization of the whole decision-making process by discovering the information processing stages. Such that, the timing and the neural signature of the processing stages were identified for individual trials. The association of stages duration with the stimulus coherency and spatial prioritization factors also revealed the importance of the evidence accumulation process on the speed of the whole decision-making process. We reported that the impact of the stimulus coherency and spatial prioritization on the neural representation of the decision-making process was consistent with the behavioral characterization as well. This study demonstrated that uncovering the cognitive processing stages provided more insights into the decision-making process.

scholarly journals Response-Inhibition During Problem Solving in Sheep (Ovis Aries)

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Knolle ◽  
Rita P. Goncalves ◽  
Emma L. Davies ◽  
Amy R. Duff ◽  
Jenny A. Morton
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Food Reward ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Stop Signal ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
The Self ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Better Than

Response inhibition is a behavioural skill that is important for flexible behaviour and appropriate decision making. It requires the suppression of a prepotent, but inappropriate action, in order to achieve a more advantageous outcome. Response inhibition has been tested in many animal species using the cylinder task. This task requires the self-driven inhibition of an impulse to obtain a visible food reward via a detour, rather than a direct but blocked route. We have shown previously using the stop-signal task that sheep can successfully interrupt an already-started response, if a reward is going to be restricted. However, it is not known if sheep can show self-driven response inhibition in a task that provides a reward independent of performance. Here we tested two groups of sheep on the cylinder task (11 Lleyn sheep: aged 8 months; 8 Welsh mountain sheep aged ~8 years old). Sheep were trained using an opaque cylinder and all sheep successfully learned the task. When response inhibition was tested using the transparent cylinder, all sheep performed significantly better than chance, but the older sheep showed a reduced number of correct responses compared to the young sheep (72.5±5.0% and 86.4±4.3% respectively). The results show that sheep have a mechanism for self-regulating their actions in order to retrieve food faster.

scholarly journals Response inhibition during perceptual decision making in humans and macaques

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G. Middlebrooks ◽  
Jeffrey D. Schall
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Perceptual Decision

scholarly journals Unification of Countermanding and Perceptual Decision-making

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G. Middlebrooks ◽  
Bram B. Zandbelt ◽  
Gordon D. Logan ◽  
Thomas J. Palmeri ◽  
Jeffrey D. Schall
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Sequential Sampling ◽  
Race Model ◽  
Decision Time ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Perceptual Decision ◽  
Evidence Accumulation ◽  
Sequential Sampling Models ◽  
Choice Tasks

Perceptual decision-making, studied using two-alternative forced-choice tasks, is explained by sequential sampling models of evidence accumulation, which correspond to the dynamics of neurons in sensorimotor structures of the brain1 2. Response inhibition, studied using stop-signal (countermanding) tasks, is explained by a race model of the initiation or canceling of a response, which correspond to the dynamics of neurons in sensorimotor structures3 4. Neither standard model accounts for performance of the other task. Sequential sampling models incorporate response initiation as an uninterrupted non-decision time parameter independent of task-related variables. The countermanding race model does not account for the choice process. Here we show with new behavioral, neural and computational results that perceptual decision making of varying difficulty can be countermanded with invariant efficiency, that single prefrontal neurons instantiate both evidence accumulation and response inhibition, and that an interactive race between two GO and one STOP stochastic accumulator fits countermanding choice behavior. Thus, perceptual decision-making and response control, previously regarded as distinct mechanisms, are actually aspects of more flexible behavior supported by a common neural and computational mechanism. The identification of this aspect of decision-making with response production clarifies the component processes of decision-making.

scholarly journals Catecholamine modulation of evidence accumulation during perceptual decision formation; a randomised trial

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard M. Loughnane ◽  
Méadhbh B. Brosnan ◽  
Jessica J.M. Barnes ◽  
Angela Dean ◽  
L. Sanjay Nandam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Perceptual Decision ◽  
Evidence Accumulation ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Catecholamine Levels

AbstractRecent behavioural modelling and pupillometry studies suggest that neuromodulatory arousal systems play a role in regulating decision formation but neurophysiological support for these observations is lacking. We employed a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover design to probe the impact of pharmacological enhancement of catecholamine levels on perceptual decision making. Catecholamine levels were manipulated using the clinically relevant drugs methylphenidate (MPH) and atomoxetine (ATM) and their effects were compared to those of citalopram (CIT), and placebo (PLA). Participants performed a classic EEG oddball paradigm which elicits the P3b, a centro-parietal potential that has been shown to trace evidence accumulation, under each of the four drug conditions. We found that MPH and ATM administration shortened RTs to the oddball targets. The neural basis of this behavioural effect was an earlier P3b peak latency, driven specifically by an increase in its build-up rate without any change in its time of onset or peak amplitude. This study provides neurophysiological evidence for the catecholaminergic enhancement of a discrete aspect of human decision making, i.e. evidence accumulation. Our results also support theoretical accounts suggesting that catecholamines may enhance cognition via increases in neural gain.

scholarly journals Decision Signals in the Local Field Potentials of Early and Mid-Level Macaque Visual Cortex

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-183
Author(s):  
Aravind Krishna ◽  
Seiji Tanabe ◽  
Adam Kohn
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Local Field ◽  
Local Field Potentials ◽  
Orientation Discrimination ◽  
Field Potentials ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Perceptual Decision ◽  
Area V4

Abstract The neural basis of perceptual decision making has typically been studied using measurements of single neuron activity, though decisions are likely based on the activity of large neuronal ensembles. Local field potentials (LFPs) may, in some cases, serve as a useful proxy for population activity and thus be useful for understanding the neural basis of perceptual decision making. However, little is known about whether LFPs in sensory areas include decision-related signals. We therefore analyzed LFPs recorded using two 48­electrode arrays implanted in primary visual cortex (V1) and area V4 of macaque monkeys trained to perform a fine orientation discrimination task. We found significant choice information in low (0–30 Hz) and higher (70–500 Hz) frequency components of the LFP, but little information in gamma frequencies (30–70 Hz). Choice information was more robust in V4 than V1 and stronger in LFPs than in simultaneously measured spiking activity. LFP-based choice information included a global component, common across electrodes within an area. Our findings reveal the presence of robust choice-related signals in the LFPs recorded in V1 and V4 and suggest that LFPs may be a useful complement to spike-based analyses of decision making.

scholarly journals Effects of Psychopathy on Neurocognitive Domains of Impulsivity in Abstinent Opiate and Stimulant Users

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Psederska ◽  
Nicholas D. Thomson ◽  
Kiril Bozgunov ◽  
Dimitar Nedelchev ◽  
Georgi Vasilev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Stop Signal ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Gambling Task ◽  
Heroin Users ◽  
Neurocognitive Impairments ◽  
Substance Dependent

Background: Psychopathy and substance use disorders (SUDs) are both characterized by neurocognitive impairments reflecting higher levels of impulsivity such as reward-driven decision-making and deficient inhibitory control. Previous studies suggest that psychopathy may exacerbate decision-making deficits, but it may be unrelated to other neurocognitive impairments among substance dependent individuals (SDIs). The aim of the present study was to examine the role of psychopathy and its interpersonal-affective and impulsive-antisocial dimensions in moderating the relationships between dependence on different classes of drugs and neurocognitive domains of impulsivity.Method: We tested 693 participants (112 heroin mono-dependent individuals, 71 heroin polysubstance dependent individuals, 115 amphetamine mono-dependent individuals, 76 amphetamine polysubstance dependent individuals, and 319 non-substance dependent control individuals). Participants were administered the Psychopathy Checklist: Screening Version (PCL:SV) and seven neurocognitive tasks measuring impulsive choice/decision-making (Iowa Gambling Task; Cambridge Gambling Task; Kirby Delay Discounting Task; Balloon Analog Risk Task), and impulsive action/response inhibition (Go/No-Go Task, Immediate Memory Task, and Stop Signal Task).Results: A series of hierarchical multiple regressions revealed that the interpersonal-affective dimension of psychopathy moderated the association between decision-making, response inhibition and both amphetamine and heroin dependence, albeit differently. For amphetamine users, low levels of interpersonal-affective traits predicted poor decision-making on the Iowa Gambling Task and better response inhibition on the Stop Signal task. In contrast, in heroin users high interpersonal-affective psychopathy traits predicted lower risk taking on the Cambridge Gambling Task and better response inhibition on the Go/No-Go task. The impulsive-antisocial dimension of psychopathy predicted poor response inhibition in both amphetamine and heroin users.Conclusions: Our findings reveal that psychopathy and its dimensions had both common and unique effects on neurocognitive function in heroin and amphetamine dependent individuals. Our results suggest that the specific interactions between psychopathy dimensions and dependence on different classes of drugs may lead to either deficient or superior decision-making and response inhibition performance in SDIs, suggesting that psychopathy may paradoxically play a protective role for some neurocognitive functions in specific subtypes of substance users.

scholarly journals Prediction of Choice From Competing Mechanosensory and Choice-Memory Cues During Active Tactile Decision Making

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Campagner Dario ◽  
Evans H Mathew ◽  
Chlebikova Katarina ◽  
Colins-Rodriguez Andrea ◽  
Loft S E Michaela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Sensory Input ◽  
Active Touch ◽  
Mechanical Forces ◽  
Sense Organs ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Perceptual Decision ◽  
Motor Strategy

ABSTRACTPerceptual decision making is an active process where animals move their sense organs to extract task-relevant information. To investigate how the brain translates sensory input into decisions during active sensation, we developed a mouse active touch task where the mechanosensory input can be precisely measured and that challenges animals to use multiple mechanosensory cues. Mice were trained to localise a pole using a single whisker and to report their decision by selecting one of three choices. Using high-speed imaging and machine vision we estimated whisker-object mechanical forces at millisecond resolution. Mice solved the task by a sensory-motor strategy where both the strength and direction of whisker bending were informative cues to pole location. We found competing influences of immediate sensory input and choice memory on mouse choice. On correct trials, choice could be predicted from the direction and strength of whisker bending, but not from previous choice. In contrast, on error trials, choice could be predicted from previous choice but not from whisker bending. This study shows that animal choices during active tactile decision making can be predicted from mechanosenory and choice-memory signals; and provides a new task, well-suited for future study of the neural basis of active perceptual decisions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDue to the difficulty of measuring the sensory input to moving sense organs, active perceptual decision making remains poorly understood. The whisker system provides a way forward since it is now possible to measure the mechanical forces due to whisker-object contact during behaviour. Here we train mice in a novel behavioural task that challenges them to use rich mechanosensory cues, but can be performed using one whisker and enables task-relevant mechanical forces to be precisely estimated. This approach enables rigorous study of how sensory cues translate into action during active, perceptual decision making. Our findings provide new insight into active touch and how sensory/internal signals interact to determine behavioural choices.

scholarly journals Brain-behavior relationships in the perceptual decision-making process through cognitive processing stages

2021 ◽  
pp. 107821
Author(s):  
Elaheh Imani ◽  
Ahad Harati ◽  
Hamidreza Pourreza ◽  
Morteza Moazami Goudarzi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Perceptual Decision ◽  
Brain Behavior
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