Characterization for Drought Tolerance and Physiological Efficiency in Novel Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Sources of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Abstract:Sunflower is sensitive to drought and its hybrids have a limited cytoplasmic diversity. The wild cytoplasmic sources of sunflower are not well exploited to their potential for drought tolerance and hybrid development. In this respect, we carried out a Line × Tester based genetic study using 19 sunflower genotypes representing, 13 cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines from wild and conventional sources, 2 maintainer lines, and 4 restorer lines. The CMS and maintainer lines were crossed with restorer lines to develop sixty one-way F1 hybrids. The parents and their hybrids were evaluated under two water regimes viz., normal irrigated and water stress. A total of twelve important plant descriptors were studied over a period of two years. The significant differences were observed between parents and hybrids in both water regimes. Hybrids were higher in average values for all the descriptors than parents. The role of female parent was more prominent in the expression of traits in hybrids as compared to male parents. The CMS sources varied significantly regarding seed yield per plant and other physiological traits. Proline content was three times higher in parents and their hybrids under water stress, and it was not correlated with any other descriptor. Accession CMS-PKU-2A was identified as the best general combiner for leaf area and specific leaf weight. Whereas, CMS-234A was the best general combiner for biological yield and photosynthetic efficiency under both the conditions. The cross combinations CMS-ARG-2A × RCR-8297, CMS-234A × P124R, and CMS-38A × P124R were found significant for biological yield, seed yield and oil content under both environments. Overall, this study provides useful information about the cytoplasmic effects on important sunflower traits and drought stress tolerance when used in the different combinations.

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Characterization for Drought Tolerance and Physiological Efficiency in Novel Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Sources of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy8100232 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 232 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Vikrant Tyagi ◽

Satwinder Dhillon ◽

Prashant Kaushik ◽

Gurpreet Kaur

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Female Parent ◽

F1 Hybrids ◽

Male Sterile ◽

Stress Regime ◽

Cytoplasmic Male Sterile ◽

Cytoplasmic Effects ◽

Biological Yield

Sunflower is sensitive to drought, and furthermore, sunflower hybrids display limited cytoplasmic diversity. In addition, the wild cytoplasmic sources of sunflower are not well explored for their potential to introduce drought tolerance into newly developed hybrids. Therefore here, we carried out a Line × Tester-based genetic study using 19 sunflower genotypes representing, 13 cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines from wild and conventional sources, 2 maintainer lines, and 4 restorer lines. The CMS and maintainer lines were crossed with restorer lines to develop sixty F1 hybrids. The parents and their hybrids were evaluated under two water regimes, normal irrigation and drought stress (i.e., withholding water). A total of twelve important plant descriptors were studied over a period of two years and the significant differences between parents and hybrids are reported here. More specifically, hybrid lines were higher in average values for all the descriptors. The contribution of female parent was more prominent in the expression of traits in hybrids as compared to male parents. The CMS sources varied significantly regarding seed yield per plant and other physiological traits. Proline content in the leaves of all the genotypes was three times higher in the water stress regime. Accession CMS-PKU-2A was identified as the best general combiner for leaf area and specific leaf weight., whereas CMS-234A was the best general combiner for biological yield and photosynthetic efficiency under both conditions. The cross combinations CMS-ARG-2A × RCR-8297, CMS-234A × P124R, and CMS-38A × P124R were found significant for biological yield, seed yield and oil content under both environments. Overall, this study provides useful information about the cytoplasmic effects on important sunflower traits and drought stress tolerance.

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High Phosphorus Acquisition and Allocation Strategy Is Associated with Soybean Seed Yield under Water- and P-Limited Conditions

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11030574 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 574

Author(s):

Yun-Yin Feng ◽

Jin He ◽

Yi Jin ◽

Feng-Min Li

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Water Supply ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Water Regimes ◽

P Acquisition ◽

Application Rates ◽

Soybean Genotypes ◽

Water Treatments

Both water stress and P deficit limit soybean seed yield, but the effects of water regimes and P application rates, their interaction on P status, acquisition, and partitioning, and their roles in yield performance have not been well-studied. Two soybean genotypes (Huangsedadou (HD) and Zhonghuang 30 (ZH)) with contrasting seed yield and root dry weight (DW) were used to investigate the P status, P acquisition, P partitioning, and yield formation under two water regimes (well-watered (WW) and cyclic water stress (WS)) and three P rates (0 (P0), 60 (P60), and 120 (P120) mg P kg−1 dry soil). The results show that increased P and water supply increased the seed yield, shoot and root DW and P concentrations and accumulations in different organs. Cultivar ZH had a significantly higher seed yield than HD at P60 and P120 under WS and at P0 under WW, but a lower seed yield at P60 and P120 under WW. Cultivar ZH had a significantly higher P harvest index and P acquisition efficiency, but a significantly lower shoot and root DW than HD. The interaction between water treatments and P rates had significant effects on leaf and stem P concentration. Cultivar ZH had significantly lower P partitioning to leaves and stems but significantly higher P partitioning to seeds than HD. The seed yield was positively correlated with leaf and seed P accumulations and P acquisition efficiency under WS. We conclude that (1) adequate water supply improved the P mobilization from leaves and stems at maturity, which may have improved the seed yield; and (2) the high P acquisition efficiency is coordination to high P partition to seeds to produce a high seed yield under water- and P-limited conditions.

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Trials for hybrid seed production and estimation of wheat F1 hybrids produced by outcrossing using photoperiod-sensitive cytoplasmic male sterile (PCMS) system with elite lines

Journal of Agricultural and Crop Research ◽

10.33495/jacr_v7i7.19.132 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (7) ◽

pp. 119-126

Author(s):

Koji Murai ◽

◽

Haruka Ohta ◽

Yu Takenouchi ◽

Masatomo Kurushima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Production ◽

Hybrid Seed ◽

F1 Hybrids ◽

Hybrid Seed Production ◽

Male Sterile ◽

Cytoplasmic Male Sterile ◽

Photoperiod Sensitive

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Maize hybrids contrasting for drought tolerance differ during the vegetative stage

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n4p1093 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 1093

Author(s):

Suerlani Aparecida Ferreira Moreira ◽

Pablo Fernando Santos Alves ◽

Carlos Eduardo Corsato ◽

Alcinei Mistico Azevedo

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Leaf Temperature ◽

Vegetative Stage ◽

Maize Hybrids ◽

Water Regimes ◽

Dry Biomass ◽

Relative Chlorophyll Content

Maize hybrids contrasting for drought tolerance differ during the vegetative stage. Drought is the main constraint on maize production in developing nations. Differences during development between genetic materials of maize grown under water restriction suggest that the plant can be improved with a view to its adaptation. In maize, sensitivity to water stress can occur at any stage of its phenological development. However, few studies report its effects on the vegetative phase of the cycle. On this basis, this study was conducted to examine how shoot and root-system indices are expressed in cultivation under water deficit as well as determine which indicators best explain the difference between hybrids in the evaluated water regimes. Commercial seeds of hybrids BR1055 and DKB-390 (drought-tolerant) and BRS1010 (drought-sensitive) were germinated in PVC tubes (1.0 m × 0.1 m) in a randomized complete block design, in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement. The experiment was developed in a greenhouse where two water regimes were tested: no water stress and with water stress from the VE stage. The soil consisted of quartz sand mixed with a commercial fertilizer. Stem and root traits were evaluated up to the V5 growth stage. Relative chlorophyll content, leaf temperature, stem length, phenology, shoot dry biomass, root length, root dry biomass, root surface area, root volume and D95 were responsive to water deficit. The parameters that allowed the distinction between the hybrids in water the regimes were relative chlorophyll content, leaf temperature, phenology and average root diameter.

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Heterotic groups for identifying of suitable combiners in sunflower using top-cross

Journal of Agriculure and Food ◽

10.52587/jaf020202 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 9-22

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Research Field ◽

F1 Hybrids ◽

Male Sterile ◽

Crop Season ◽

Heterotic Groups ◽

Cytoplasmic Male Sterile ◽

Single Cross ◽

Parental Inbred ◽

Single Cross Hybrids

The study was conducted in order to identify the suitable parental inbred lines using top cross method for improvement of new sunflower F1 single cross hybrids at research field of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute in Karaj, Iran during two Crop season (2018 and 2019). Experimental materials consisted of 31 restore lines and 43 cytoplasmic male sterile lines which were crossed with A1221 and R14 as the testers respectively. The developed F1 hybrids were evaluated for GCA of three breeding objectives i.e. flowering time, plant height and grain yield during two years replicated trials. Cluster analysis revealed two heterotic groups in which the restorer lines; R22, R24 and R38 (Grain yield of 33, 32 and 31 g head-1 respectively) and three CMS lines; A32, A370 and A110 (Grain yield of 47, 44 and 43 g head-1 respectively) were identified as the suitable restorer and cytoplasmic male sterile line for improvement of new sunflower single cross hybrids. Evaluation of specific combing ability of the resulted combinations will reveal the efficiency of this selection in the following generation.

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Association analysis for seed yield, forage yield and traits related to drought tolerance in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata)

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp18178 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (11) ◽

pp. 1150

Author(s):

Mozhgan Abtahi ◽

Mohammad Mahdi Majidi ◽

Aghafakhr Mirlohi ◽

Fatemeh Saeidnia

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

Association Analysis ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Dactylis Glomerata ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Forage Yield ◽

Phenotypic Traits ◽

Tolerance Index ◽

Population Structure Analysis

Polycross designs bridge the two usual mapping approaches (bi-parental mapping and association analysis) and increase mapping power by incorporating greater genetic diversity. In this study, we used diverse genotypes selected from polycrossed progenies to identify marker loci associated with a set of seed- and forage-related traits as well as drought tolerance in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.). Associations were estimated between phenotypic traits and 923 DNA markers (including 446 inter-simple sequence repeats and 477 sequence-related amplified polymorphism markers). Positive relationship was found between forage yield and seed yield under normal and water-stress conditions, indicating that simultaneous improvement of seed and forage yield could be achieved in orchardgrass. The results of population structure analysis identified five main subpopulations possessing significant genetic differences. Under normal and water-stress conditions, respectively, 341 and 359 markers were significantly associated with the studied traits. Most of these markers were associated with more than one trait. Water-environment specificity of trait-associated markers indicates that genotype × environment interactions influence association analysis. However, 75 stable associations were identified across two moisture conditions for traits such as seed and forage yield. Marker–trait association revealed that markers M1/E1-5, M2/E6-5, M3/E4-6, P14-7 and P845-7 were consistently linked with drought-tolerance index. The identified marker alleles associated with multiple traits across environments may be considered for further analysis for their chromosome locations, the corresponding sequences and their potential functions.

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Interspecific introgression of male sterility from tetraploid oilseed Brassica napus to diploid vegetable B. rapa through hybridisation and backcrossing

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp13103 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 64 (7) ◽

pp. 652 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Zhengjie Wan ◽

Yuanbao Tan ◽

Minhui Shi ◽

Yuejin Xu ◽

Nader Aryamanesh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brassica Napus ◽

Male Sterility ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Female Parent ◽

F1 Hybrids ◽

Recurrent Parent ◽

Male Sterile ◽

Interspecific Introgression ◽

C Genome ◽

Inbreeding Line

Interspecific F1 hybrids were obtained from a cross between a male sterile Brassica napus (2n = 4x = 38, AA (20) and CC (18) genomes) and an inbreeding line B. rapa (Purple Cai-Tai inbred line 9418, 2n = 2x = 20, AA (20) genome) to introgress male sterility from a tetraploid into a diploid through backcrossing. The morphological characteristics of F1 plants were more like the female parent B. napus and segregated considerably in BC1 when backcrossed to the recurrent parent Purple Cai-Tai. The progeny became stable and more similar to Purple Cai-Tai by BC4. Most C genome chromosomes were found to be eliminated, based on cytogenetic analysis. The majority of chromosomes were eliminated at very early backcross stages, with only 20–26 chromosomes in BC1 plants, and some chromosomes were eliminated gradually with increased backcross generations. The BC4 plants were generally stable with exactly 20 chromosomes. Analysis by AFLP indicated that 49.5–68.7% of the total bands eliminated from F1 to BC4 were female parent specific, and ~12% of B. napus bands were retained with increased backcrossing. The genetic materials controlling sterility from the female parent B. napus were introgressed successfully into the BC4 plants even though most B. napus chromosomes/genetic materials were eliminated during the backcross process.

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