scholarly journals Chilling, irradiation and transport of male Glossina palpalis gambiensis pupae: effect on the emergence, flight ability and survival.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souleymane Diallo ◽  
Momar Talla Seck ◽  
Jean Baptiste Rayaissé ◽  
Assane Gueye Fall ◽  
Mireille Djimangali Bassene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sterile Insect Technique ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Sterile Male ◽  
Flight Ability ◽  
Glossina Palpalis Gambiensis ◽  
Emergence Rate ◽  
Chilling Period ◽  
Glossina Palpalis

Background The sterile insect technique (SIT) requires mass-rearing of the target species, irradiation to induce sexual sterility and transportation from the mass-rearing facility to the target site. Those treatments require several steps that may affect the biological quality of sterile males. This study has been carried out to evaluate the relative impact of the chilling, irradiation and transport on emergence rate, flight ability and survival of sterile male tsetse flies Glossina palpalis gambiensis. Results Chilling, irradiation and transport all affected the quality control parameters studied. The emergence rate was significantly reduced by long chilling periods and transport, i.e. from 92% at the source insectary to 78% upon arrival in Dakar. Flight ability was affected by all three parameters with 31% operational flies lossed between the source and arrival insectaries. Only survival under stress was not affected by any of the treatments. Conclusion The chilling period and transport were the main treatments which impacted significantly the quality of sterile male pupae. Therefore, the delivery of sterile males was divided over two shipments per week in order to reduce the chilling time and improve the quality of the sterile males. Quality of the male pupae may further be improved by reducing the transport time and vibration during transport. Keys words: Tsetse flies, mass-rearing conditions, sterile insect technique, quality

scholarly journals Evaluation of different blood feeding frequencies on Glossina palpalis gambiensis performance in a mass-rearing insectary

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karifa Camara ◽  
Kadidiata Ilboudo ◽  
Ernest Wendemanegde Salou ◽  
Geoffrey Gimonneau
Keyword(s):  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Flight Ability ◽  
Glossina Palpalis Gambiensis ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Emergence Rate ◽  
Female Survival ◽  
Glossina Palpalis

Abstract Background: In tsetse fly mass-rearing insectaries, the sustainable supply of high quality blood meals is the main challenge, especially in Africa. Because the collection of high quality blood in large quantities may be an important constraint to production, blood feeding frequency can be a lever to lessen its impact. Therefore, this study evaluates three blood feeding frequencies on Glossina palpalis gambiensis colony performance.Methods: Three effects of blood feeding treatments - three, four and six times per week - were evaluated on female survival and productivity over a 30-day period. Progeny emergence rate and flight ability were also evaluated.Results: Female survival was significantly higher for flies fed four times per week (87%) than three (72%) and six times (78%; p<0.05). Productivity was similar between flies fed four and six times per week (457 and 454 larvae) but significantly reduced when fed three times (280 larvae produced; p<0.05). Similarly, emergence rate and flight ability rate were both similar between flies fed four times (97% and 94%) and six times (96% and 97%) per week but significantly reduced when fed three times per week (89% and 84%, respectively; p<0.05).Conclusions: Blood feeding frequency could be reduced to four times per week without affecting mass-rearing production and progeny quality. We discuss the implications of these results on tsetse mass-rearing production.

scholarly journals Evaluation of different blood-feeding frequencies on Glossina palpalis gambiensis performance in a mass-rearing insectary

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karifa Camara ◽  
Kadidiata Ilboudo ◽  
Ernest Wendemanegde Salou ◽  
Geoffrey Gimonneau
Keyword(s):  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Tsetse Fly ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Flight Ability ◽  
Glossina Palpalis Gambiensis ◽  
Emergence Rate ◽  
Female Survival ◽  
Glossina Palpalis

Abstract Background The main challenge to the successful mass-rearing of the tsetse fly in insectaries, especially in Africa, is a sustainable supply of high-quality blood meals. As such, the collection of high-quality blood in large quantities can be an important constraint to production. One possible strategy to lessen the impact of this constraint is to modify the blood-feeding frequency. In the study reported here, we evaluated the effect of three blood-feeding frequencies on the colony performance of Glossina palpalis gambiensis, a riverine tsetse fly species. Methods The effect of three, four and six blood-feedings per week on female survival and productivity were evaluated over a 30-day period. Progeny emergence rate and flight ability were also evaluated. Results Female survival was significantly higher in flies fed four times per week (87%) than in those fed three (72%) and six times per week (78%; P < 0.05). Productivity was similar between flies fed four and six times per week (457 and 454 larvae) but significantly reduced in flies fed three times per week (280 larvae produced; P < 0.05). Both emergence rate and flight ability rate were also similar between flies fed four times per week (97 and 94%, respectively) and six times per week (96 and 97%, respectively), but they were significantly reduced when flies were fed three times per week (89 and 84%, respectively; P < 0.05). Conclusions Blood-feeding frequency could be reduced from six times per week to four times per week without affecting mass-rearing production and progeny quality. The implications of these results on tsetse mass-rearing production are discussed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Different Blood Feeding Frequencies on Glossina Palpalis Gambiensis Performance in A Mass Rearing Insectary

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karifa Camara ◽  
Kadidiata Ilboudo ◽  
Ernest Wendemanegde Salou ◽  
Geoffrey Gimonneau
Keyword(s):  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Flight Ability ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Emergence Rate ◽  
Colony Performance ◽  
Blood Meals

Abstract Background: In tsetse flies mass rearing insectaries, the sustainable supply of high-quality blood meals is the main challenge, especially in Africa. Because collection of high-quality and quantity of blood may be an important constraint to production, blood feeding frequency can be a lever to lessen this impact. Therefore, this study evaluates three blood feeding frequencies on G. p. gambiensis colony performance.Methods: Three blood feeding treatments, i.e. three, four and six times per week, were evaluated on female’s survival, productivity, and progeny emergence rate and flight ability. Results: Females survival was significantly higher for flies feed four times per week (87%) than three (72%) and six times (78%, p<0.05). Productivity was similar between flies feed four and six times per week (457 and 454 larvae) but significantly reduced when fed three times (280 larvae produced; p<0.05). Similarly, emergence rate and flight ability rate were both similar between flies feed four (97 and 94%) and six times (96 and 97%) per week but significantly reduced when fed three times (89 and 84% respectively; p<0.05).Conclusions: Blood feeding frequency could be reduced to four times per week without affecting the mass rearing production and progeny quality. We discuss the implications of these results on tsetse mass rearing production.

Trypanosome-binding proteins of the tsetse flies Glossina palpalis gambiensis and G. morsitans morsitans

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-116
Author(s):  
J. van den Abbeele ◽  
E. van Driessche ◽  
Y. Claes ◽  
D. Le Ray ◽  
M. Coosemans
Keyword(s):  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Glossina Palpalis Gambiensis ◽  
Glossina Palpalis

Larviposition site selection mediated by volatile semiochemicals of larval origin in Glossina palpalis gambiensis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gimonneau Geoffrey ◽  
Romaric Ouedraogo ◽  
Salou Ernest ◽  
Rayaisse Jean-Baptiste ◽  
Bruno Buatois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Site Selection ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Glossina Palpalis Gambiensis ◽  
Aggregation Effect ◽  
Gravid Females ◽  
Behavioural Manipulation ◽  
Volatile Semiochemicals ◽  
Glossina Palpalis ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractTsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) are the cyclical vectors of trypanosomes, the causative agents of African animal trypanosomosis or nagana in animals and human African trypanosomosis or sleeping sickness in humans. Tsetse flies are K-strategist species with the deposition of a single larva at 10 days intervals in specific sites. As larviposition site selection will strongly impact reproductive success, it is obvious that the selection of larviposition sites is not random and is under strong selective processes, probably mediated by specific cues as suggested by the existence of an aggregation factor in the Morsitans and Fusca groups. This study aimed to highlight the existence of an aggregation effect in the Palpalis group and to test for its chemical nature. We studied the larviposition site selection of Glossina palpalis gambiensis according to the presence of conspecific and heterospecific larvae buried in substrates in different settings. Three sets of experiments were performed with either individual or grouped (n = 50) gravid females, and with physical access to substrate or not. In both individual and grouped larviposition experiments, females selected significantly more often trays conditioned by larvae (P<0.005), either conspecific or heterospecific even in the absence of physical contact with the substrate. These results highlight the first evidence for larviposition site selection mediated by volatile semiochemicals of larval origin in Glossina palpalis gambiensis. However, these compounds seem not to be species-specific and therefore offer new avenues for the behavioural manipulation of these vectors and for the development of new vector control tools targeting gravid females.Author summaryLarviposition site selection in tsetse flies is govern by several biotic and abiotic factors that lead to an aggregation effect of larvae. Among those, larvae are suspected to produce chemicals that drive females to breeding site but little information is available. This study aimed to highlight the existence of an aggregation effect of larval origin in the Palpalis group and to test for its chemical nature. Through behavioural larviposition choice experiments, we showed that females of Glossina palpalis gambiensis deposit their larvae significantly more often in trays conditioned either by conspecific or heterospecific larvae, even in the absence of physical contact with the substrate. These results highlight the first evidence for aggregation effect in Glossina palpalis gambiensis mediated by volatile semiochemicals of larval origin. Isolation and identification of these chemicals should offer new avenues for the behavioural manipulation of these vectors and for the development of new vector control tools targeting gravid females.

Identification of Glossina palpalis gambiensis specific salivary antigens: towards the development of a serologic biomarker of human exposure to tsetse flies in West Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 416-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie Dama ◽  
Sylvie Cornelie ◽  
Martin Bienvenu Somda ◽  
Mamadou Camara ◽  
Roger Kambire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Glossina Palpalis Gambiensis ◽  
Glossina Palpalis

scholarly journals Prevalence of salivary gland hypertrophy syndrome in laboratory colonies and wild flies of Glossina pallidipes in Ethiopia

2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahder M. Yimer ◽  
Dereje G. Bula ◽  
Tsegabirhan K. Tesama ◽  
Kassaw A. Tadesse ◽  
Birhanu H. Abera
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Sterile Insect Technique ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Glossina Pallidipes ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Laboratory Colonies ◽  
Salivary Gland Hypertrophy ◽  
Feeding Protocol

Glossina pallidipes salivary gland hyperplasia (GpSGH) syndrome caused by the salivary gland hyperplasia virus reduces the reproduction potential of tsetse flies, posing a serious threat for rearing of sufficient colonies for use of tsetse and trypanosome control using the sterile insect technique. This research was conducted in the Kaliti Tsetse Mass Rearing and Irradiation Centre in Ethiopia with the objective of studying the prevalence of GpSGH syndrome in laboratory colonies of G. pallidipes (Tororo and Arbaminch) reared for release in the implementation of the sterile insect technique and a field strain of G. pallidipes Arbaminch. Presence or absence of GpSGH was determined when pathological features of the salivary gland were revealed after dissection. The overall prevalence of GpSGH syndrome in laboratory colonies was 48.3% (747/1548) with a statistically significant (z = 17.30, p = 0.001) prevalence of 70.2% (544/775) in Arbaminch colonies and 26.26% (203/773) in Tororo colonies. The prevalence of GpSGH in laboratory flies fed according to the clean blood feeding protocol was 68.9% and 22.4% in Arbaminch and Tororo strains respectively. It was 70.5% and 27.2% respectively in laboratory colonies of Arbaminch and Tororo strains fed according to the standard membrane feeding protocol. The difference in prevalence of the disease between the two feeding protocols was not statistically significant in either Arbaminch (z = 0.361, p = 0.359) or Tororo (z = 1.22, p = 0.111) strains. The prevalence of SGH in wild G. pallidipes Arbaminch strain was 3% (15/500) and was significantly (z = 23.61, p < 0.001) lower than in the laboratory strain. The effect of age and density-related stress on the development of GpSGH was not statistically significant. The prevalence of GpSGH in the newly emerging (teneral) flies in the laboratory colonies was 66.7% and 20% in the Arbaminch and Tororo strains respectively. For all considered risk factors, the prevalence was much higher in G. pallidipes Arbaminch laboratory colonies.

scholarly journals Irradiation conditions affect the quality of irradiated painted apple moth

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.E.A. Stephens ◽  
A.M. Barrington ◽  
N.M. Fletcher ◽  
D.M. Suckling
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Sterile Insect Technique ◽  
Quality Measures ◽  
Flight Performance ◽  
Emergence Rate

Sterile painted apple moths have been released in Auckland in an attempt to assist with the eradication of this species from New Zealand Quality as measured by wind tunnel flight performance of irradiated insects decreased from 66 of unirradiated males in 20032004 to approximately 43 in 20052006 and recapture rates were lower A decrease in quality measures (ie emergence rate wind tunnel flight performance and recapture rate) was related to an increase in the length of pre and posttreatment time that the insects were held in the irradiation container potentially caused by container conditions Altering the irradiation container conditions to improve aeration led to an increase in posttreatment quality The surveillance grid in place for monitoring caught the sterile moths Higher recapture rates have increased confidence in the effectiveness of the sterile insect technique against this insect which is continuing in southeastern Auckland

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