scholarly journals Next generation taxonomy: integrating traditional species description with the holobiont concept and genomic approaches - The in-depth characterization of a novelEuplotesspecies as a case study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Serra ◽  
Leandro Gammuto ◽  
Venkatamahesh Nitla ◽  
Michele Castelli ◽  
Olivia Lanzoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Bacterial Endosymbiont ◽  
Reduced Genome ◽  
Taxonomic Description ◽  
First Case

AbstractIn 1991 Margulis defined holobionts as the assemblage of “two or more organisms, members of different species” which remain associate “throughout a significant portion of the life history”. In recent times, holobionts have been described among many and far-related groups of living beings, such as plants, algae, insects, corals, and even humans. These studies have arisen an increasing interest in different contexts but, to our knowledge, the holobiont concept has not been applied in taxonomy. Here we propose a new approach to modern taxonomy, aimed to integrate the holobiont concept and genomic and bioinformatic analyses with the classical/morphological tools traditionally used in taxonomy. The inclusion of symbiont morphology, and of mitochondrial and symbiont genomes will allow the discipline to move toward what could become the “next generation taxonomy”. As an example of this new paradigm in the characterization of holobionts, we herein provide the taxonomic description of the ciliate protistEuplotes vanleeuwenhoekisp. nov. (Euplotia, Ciliophora) and its bacterial endosymbiont “CandidatusPinguicoccus supinus” gen. nov., sp. nov. (Opitutae, Verrucomicrobia). Interestingly, we found that this endosymbiont has an extremely reduced genome (~163 Kbp), which is suggestive of a high integration with the host and represents the first case of such an extreme reduction inVerrucomicrobia, and the first case in a protist host.

scholarly journals Development of a Semantic Representation Model of Criminal Information to Support the Assessment of Risk Situations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Ferreira Saran ◽  
Leonardo Botega
Keyword(s):  
Information Quality ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Semantic Representation ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Level Of Consciousness ◽  
Human Operators ◽  
Or Team

Situational Awareness (SAW) refers to the level of consciousness that an individual or team holds over a situation. In the area of ​​risk management and criminal data analysis, SAW failures can induce human operators to make mistakes in decision making and pose risks to life or property. In this context, risk assessment processes, which commonly involves data mining, fusion and other methods, present opportunities to generate better information and contribute to the improvement of the SAW of crime and risk analysts. However, the characterization of complex scenarios is subject to problems of representation and expressiveness of the information, which may influence its interpretation due to their quality and significance, generating uncertainties. The state-of-the-art in representation of information on risk situations and related areas presents approaches with limited use of information quality. In addition, the solutions are restricted to syntactic mechanisms for the determination of relations between information, negatively restricting the assertiveness of the results. Thus, this paper aims to develop a new approach to semantic representation of information of risk situations, more specifically creating domain ontologies, instantiated with crime data and information quality. In a case study, real information on crimes, represented by the new semantic model and consumed by computational inference processes, was be processed, aiming to characterize robbery and theft situations.

scholarly journals The Material Turn in the Study of Form: From Bio-Inspired Robots to Robotics-Inspired Morphology

2021 ◽  
pp. 643-665
Author(s):  
Marco Tamborini
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Production ◽  
High Performance ◽  
First Century ◽  
Structure Development ◽  
New Approach ◽  
First Case ◽  
Material Turn ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract This paper investigates the mechanisms of knowledge production of twenty-first century robotics-inspired morphology. How robotics influences investigations into the structure, development, and change of organic forms? Which definition of form is presupposed by this new approach to the study of form? I answer these questions by investigating how robots are used to understand and generate new questions about the locomotion of extinct animals in the first case study and in high-performance fishes in the second case study. After having illustrated the landscape of twentieth-century morphology, I will reflect on the definition of form adopted in twenty-first century robotics-inspired morphology as well as on the differences between this approach to the study of form and the so-called nature-inspired disciplines, such as bionics or biomimetics. In the conclusion, I suggest that we are now in a material turn in morphology, characterized by the coexistence of the robotic, the virtual, and the real, which enables an understanding of how the structures and dynamics of shapes change over time.

Autonomous Vehicle in Industrial Logistics Application

2019 ◽  
pp. 182-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julius Fusic S. ◽  
Kanagaraj G. ◽  
Hariharan K.
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Innovation Management ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Connected Vehicle ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
First Case ◽  
Technological Advances

Rapid technological advances have revolutionized the industrial sector. In the global market, it is necessary to consider the new paradigm of Industry 4.0 that presents a lot of features in the industrial logistics application. It has been seen through literature that innovation management practices enable companies to compete within the autonomous and connected vehicle market and is considered as an emerging and competitive differentiator towards the growth of the product and that of meeting customer demands within the changing markets. The first case study explores the integration of GPS and GLONASS signals in AGV for localization and navigation of customer destination and materials in the indoor and outdoor environment. The second case study implemented in obstacle environment that recognized the obstacle in front of the robot and also identified the dimension of the obstacle size, length, width, circumference, height, and distance from a robot. The strength and disadvantages of the system are discussed in the logistical application and future outlines are provided.

scholarly journals Prototyping of Ubiquitous Music Ecosystems

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 73-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Lazzarini ◽  
Damián Keller ◽  
Marcelo Soares Pimenta
Keyword(s):  
Sine Wave ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Development Platform ◽  
The Third ◽  
Wave Oscillator ◽  
First Case ◽  
Programming Tools ◽  
Design Cycle ◽  
Musical Interaction

This paper focuses on the prototyping stage of the design cycle of ubiquitous music ecosystems. The authors present three case studies of prototype deployments for creative musical activities. The first case exemplifies a ubimus system for synchronous musical interaction using a hybrid Java-JavaScript development platform, mow3s-ecolab. The second case study makes use of the HTML5 Web Audio library to implement a loop-based sequencer. The third prototype—a sine-wave oscillator—provides an example of using the Chromium open-source sand-boxing technology Portable Native Client (PNaCl) platform for audio programming on the web. This new approach involved porting the Csound language and audio engine to the PNaCl web technology. The PNaCl Csound environment provides programming tools for ubiquitous audio applications that go beyond theWeb Audio framework. The limitations and advantages of the three approaches proposed—the hybrid Java/JavaScript environment, the HTML5 audio library and the PNaCl Csound infrastructure—are discussed in the context of rapid prototyping of ubimus ecosystems.

scholarly journals Morphology, ultrastructure, genomics, and phylogeny of Euplotes vanleeuwenhoeki sp. nov. and its ultra-reduced endosymbiont “Candidatus Pinguicoccus supinus” sp. nov.

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Serra ◽  
Leandro Gammuto ◽  
Venkatamahesh Nitla ◽  
Michele Castelli ◽  
Olivia Lanzoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Bacterial Endosymbiont ◽  
Reduced Genome ◽  
Symbiont Genome ◽  
Biological Organisms

AbstractTaxonomy is the science of defining and naming groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics and, more recently, on evolutionary relationships. With the birth of novel genomics/bioinformatics techniques and the increasing interest in microbiome studies, a further advance of taxonomic discipline appears not only possible but highly desirable. The present work proposes a new approach to modern taxonomy, consisting in the inclusion of novel descriptors in the organism characterization: (1) the presence of associated microorganisms (e.g.: symbionts, microbiome), (2) the mitochondrial genome of the host, (3) the symbiont genome. This approach aims to provide a deeper comprehension of the evolutionary/ecological dimensions of organisms since their very first description. Particularly interesting, are those complexes formed by the host plus associated microorganisms, that in the present study we refer to as “holobionts”. We illustrate this approach through the description of the ciliate Euplotes vanleeuwenhoeki sp. nov. and its bacterial endosymbiont “Candidatus Pinguicoccus supinus” gen. nov., sp. nov. The endosymbiont possesses an extremely reduced genome (~ 163 kbp); intriguingly, this suggests a high integration between host and symbiont.

Autonomous Vehicle in Industrial Logistics Application

2021 ◽  
pp. 1030-1052
Author(s):  
Julius Fusic S. ◽  
Kanagaraj G. ◽  
Hariharan K.
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Innovation Management ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Connected Vehicle ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
First Case ◽  
Technological Advances

Rapid technological advances have revolutionized the industrial sector. In the global market, it is necessary to consider the new paradigm of Industry 4.0 that presents a lot of features in the industrial logistics application. It has been seen through literature that innovation management practices enable companies to compete within the autonomous and connected vehicle market and is considered as an emerging and competitive differentiator towards the growth of the product and that of meeting customer demands within the changing markets. The first case study explores the integration of GPS and GLONASS signals in AGV for localization and navigation of customer destination and materials in the indoor and outdoor environment. The second case study implemented in obstacle environment that recognized the obstacle in front of the robot and also identified the dimension of the obstacle size, length, width, circumference, height, and distance from a robot. The strength and disadvantages of the system are discussed in the logistical application and future outlines are provided.

Construction of plastic contact deformation maps on ceramics: a case study on aluminum nitride

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 636-637
Author(s):  
D. L. Callahan
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Aluminum Nitride ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bright Field Image ◽  
Perfectly Plastic ◽  
Contrast Analysis ◽  
Deformation Patterns

Modern polishing, precision machining and microindentation techniques allow the processing and mechanical characterization of ceramics at nanometric scales and within entirely plastic deformation regimes. The mechanical response of most ceramics to such highly constrained contact is not predictable from macroscopic properties and the microstructural deformation patterns have proven difficult to characterize by the application of any individual technique. In this study, TEM techniques of contrast analysis and CBED are combined with stereographic analysis to construct a three-dimensional microstructure deformation map of the surface of a perfectly plastic microindentation on macroscopically brittle aluminum nitride.The bright field image in Figure 1 shows a lg Vickers microindentation contained within a single AlN grain far from any boundaries. High densities of dislocations are evident, particularly near facet edges but are not individually resolvable. The prominent bend contours also indicate the severity of plastic deformation. Figure 2 is a selected area diffraction pattern covering the entire indentation area.

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