scholarly journals Night watch during REM sleep for the first-night effect

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masako Tamaki ◽  
Yuka Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Theta Activity ◽  
Interhemispheric Asymmetry ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Rapid Eye Movements ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Watch System

ABSTRACTWe experience disturbed sleep in a new place, and this effect is known as the first-night effect (FNE) in sleep research. We previously demonstrated that the FNE was associated with a protective night-watch system during NREM sleep in one hemisphere, which is shown as interhemispheric asymmetry in sleep depth in the default-mode network (DMN), and interhemispheric asymmetry in increased vigilance to monitor external stimuli. The present study investigated whether rapid eye movement (REM) sleep exhibited a form similar to a night-watch system during NREM sleep. First, we tested whether theta activity, which is an index of the depth of REM sleep, showed interhemispheric asymmetry in association with the FNE, by source-localizing to the DMN. However, interhemispheric asymmetry in theta activity during REM sleep was not found in association with the FNE. Next, we tested whether vigilance, as measured by evoked brain responses to deviant sounds, was increased in one hemisphere and showed interhemispheric asymmetry in association with the FNE during REM sleep. Because vigilance is different between the phasic period where rapid eye movements occur and the tonic period where rapid eye movements do not occur during REM sleep, REM sleep was split into phasic and tonic periods for measurements of evoked brain responses. While the evoked brain responses are generally small during the phasic period without the FNE, we found that the evoked brain response was significantly augmented by the FNE during the phasic period. In contrast, the evoked brain response during the tonic period did not differ by the presence of the FNE. Interhemispheric asymmetry in brain responses was not found during the phasic or tonic periods. These results suggest that a night-watch system for the FNE appears as interhemispheric asymmetry in sleep depth and vigilance during NREM sleep, but it appears as increased vigilance in both hemispheres during the phasic period, when vigilance to external stimuli is generally reduced without the FNE, during REM sleep. Therefore, a night-watch system associated with the FNE may be subserved by different neural mechanisms during NREM and REM sleep.

scholarly journals Regional low-frequency oscillations in human rapid-eye movement sleep

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio Bernardi ◽  
Monica Betta ◽  
Emiliano Ricciardi ◽  
Pietro Pietrini ◽  
Giulio Tononi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Slow Waves ◽  
Gamma Activity ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movements ◽  
Low Frequency Oscillations

AbstractAlthough the EEG slow wave of sleep is typically considered to be a hallmark of Non Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) sleep, recent work in mice has shown that slow waves can also occur in REM sleep. Here we investigated the presence and cortical distribution of low-frequency (1-4 Hz) oscillations in human REM sleep by analyzing high-density EEG sleep recordings obtained in 28 healthy subjects. We identified two clusters of low-frequency oscillations with distinctive properties: 1) a fronto-central cluster characterized by ∼2.5-3.0 Hz, relatively large, notched delta waves (so-called ‘sawtooth waves’) that tended to occur in bursts, were associated with increased gamma activity and rapid eye movements, and upon source modeling, displayed an occipito-temporal and a fronto-central component; and 2) a medial occipital cluster characterized by more isolated, slower (<2 Hz) and smaller waves that were not associated with rapid eye movements, displayed a negative correlation with gamma activity and were also found in NREM sleep. Thus, low-frequency oscillations are an integral part of REM sleep in humans, and the two identified subtypes (sawtooth and medial-occipital slow waves) may reflect distinct generation mechanisms and functional roles. Sawtooth waves, which are exclusive to REM sleep, share many characteristics with ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO) waves described in animals and may represent the human equivalent or a closely related event while medio-occipital slow waves appear similar to NREM sleep slow waves.

scholarly journals Neurons in the Nucleus papilio contribute to the control of eye movements during REM sleep

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Gutierrez Herrera ◽  
F. Girard ◽  
A. Bilella ◽  
T. C. Gent ◽  
D. M. Roccaro-Waldmeyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Genetic Ablation ◽  
Rapid Eye Movements ◽  
Motor Commands ◽  
Calbindin D28k ◽  
Contralateral Eye

AbstractRapid eye movements (REM) are characteristic of the eponymous phase of sleep, yet the underlying motor commands remain an enigma. Here, we identified a cluster of Calbindin-D28K-expressing neurons in the Nucleus papilio (NPCalb), located in the dorsal paragigantocellular nucleus, which are active during REM sleep and project to the three contralateral eye-muscle nuclei. The firing of opto-tagged NPCalb neurons is augmented prior to the onset of eye movements during REM sleep. Optogenetic activation of NPCalb neurons triggers eye movements selectively during REM sleep, while their genetic ablation or optogenetic silencing suppresses them. None of these perturbations led to a change in the duration of REM sleep episodes. Our study provides the first evidence for a brainstem premotor command contributing to the control of eye movements selectively during REM sleep in the mammalian brain.

scholarly journals N3 sleep with rapid eye movements in a PCDH19 mutation: a new dissociate state between N3 and REM sleep

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 341-342
Author(s):  
Maïlys Rupin-Mas ◽  
Isabelle Gourfinkel-An ◽  
Isabelle Arnulf
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Rapid Eye Movements

Phasic motor activity reduction occurring with horizontal rapid eye movements during REM sleep is disturbed in infantile spasms

1996 ◽  
Vol 138 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 82-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Kohyama ◽  
Yukiko Ohsawa ◽  
Masayuki Shimohira ◽  
Yoshihide Iwakawa
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Infantile Spasms ◽  
Rapid Eye Movements

Phasic EEG activities associated with rapid eye movements during REM sleep in man

1988 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 396-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitsugu Niiyama ◽  
Tetsuo Shimizu ◽  
Masajiro Abe ◽  
Yasuo Hishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Rapid Eye Movements

scholarly journals Facial muscle activation during sleep and its relation to the rapid eye movements of REM sleep

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (1pt1) ◽  
pp. 82-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANA PAULA RIVERA-GARCÍA ◽  
IGNACIO RAMÍREZ-SALADO ◽  
MARÍA CORSI-CABRERA ◽  
JOSÉ MARÍA CALVO
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Facial Muscle ◽  
Rapid Eye Movements

The fasciculus retroflexus controls the integrity of REM sleep by supporting the generation of hippocampal theta rhythm and rapid eye movements in rats

1998 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti Valjakka ◽  
Jukka Vartiainen ◽  
Leena Tuomisto ◽  
Jouni T. Tuomisto ◽  
Hannu Olkkonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Theta Rhythm ◽  
Hippocampal Theta Rhythm ◽  
Rapid Eye Movements ◽  
Fasciculus Retroflexus ◽  
Hippocampal Theta

Sleep-Related Electrophysiology and Behavior of Tinamous (Eudromia elegans): Tinamous Do Not Sleep Like Ostriches

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan K. Tisdale ◽  
Alexei L. Vyssotski ◽  
John A. Lesku ◽  
Niels C. Rattenborg
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Slow Waves ◽  
Sleep State ◽  
Rapid Eye Movements ◽  
Electrophysiological Studies ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
And Behavior

The functions of slow wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, distinct sleep substates present in both mammals and birds, remain unresolved. One approach to gaining insight into their function is to trace the evolution of these states through examining sleep in as many taxonomic groups as possible. The mammalian and avian clades are each composed of two extant groups, i.e., the monotremes (echidna and platypus) and therian (marsupial and eutherian [or placental]) mammals, and Palaeognaths (cassowaries, emus, kiwi, ostriches, rheas, and tinamous) and Neognaths (all other birds) among birds. Previous electrophysiological studies of monotremes and ostriches have identified a unique “mixed” sleep state combining features of SWS and REM sleep unlike the well-delineated sleep states observed in all therian mammals and Neognath birds. In the platypus this state is characterized by periods of REM sleep-related myoclonic twitching, relaxed skeletal musculature, and rapid eye movements, occurring in conjunction with SWS-related slow waves in the forebrain electroencephalogram (EEG). A similar mixed state was also observed in ostriches; although in addition to occurring during periods with EEG slow waves, reduced muscle tone and rapid eye movements also occurred in conjunction with EEG activation, a pattern typical of REM sleep in Neognath birds. Collectively, these studies suggested that REM sleep occurring exclusively as an integrated state with forebrain activation might have evolved independently in the therian and Neognath lineages. To test this hypothesis, we examined sleep in the elegant crested tinamou (Eudromia elegans), a small Palaeognath bird that more closely resembles Neognath birds in size and their ability to fly. A 24-h period was scored for sleep state based on electrophysiology and behavior. Unlike ostriches, but like all of the Neognath birds examined, all indicators of REM sleep usually occurred in conjunction with forebrain activation in tinamous. The absence of a mixed REM sleep state in tinamous calls into question the idea that this state is primitive among Palaeognath birds and therefore birds in general.

scholarly journals The relationship between frequency of rapid eye movements in REM sleep and SWS rebound

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi De Gennaro ◽  
Michele Ferrara ◽  
Mario Bertini
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Rapid Eye Movements ◽  
The Relationship

Phasic loss of intercostal muscle activity occurring with rapid eye movements during REM sleep

1993 ◽  
Vol 164 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 30-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Kohyama ◽  
Toshihiko Kohji ◽  
Masayuki Shimohira ◽  
Yoshihide Iwakawa
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Intercostal Muscle ◽  
Rapid Eye Movements
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