scholarly journals Identification of the C. sordellii lethal toxin receptor elucidates principles of receptor specificity in clostridial toxins

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hunsang Lee ◽  
Greg L. Beilhartz ◽  
Iga Kucharska ◽  
Swetha Raman ◽  
Hong Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Lethal Toxin ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Receptor Specificity ◽  
Cellular Receptors ◽  
Tissue Targeting ◽  
Toxin Receptor ◽  
Frizzled Receptors ◽  
The Difference

AbstractClostridium sordellii lethal toxin (TcsL) is responsible for an almost invariably lethal toxic shock syndrome associated with gynecological C. sordellii infections. Here, using CRISPR/Cas9 screening, we identify semaphorins SEMA6A and SEMA6B as the cellular receptors for TcsL and demonstrate that soluble extracellular SEMA6A can protect mice from TcsL-induced edema. A 3.3 Å cryo-EM structure shows that TcsL binds SEMA6A with the same region that the highly related C. difficile TcdB toxin uses to bind structurally unrelated Frizzled receptors. Remarkably, reciprocal mutations in this evolutionarily divergent surface are sufficient to switch receptor specificity between the toxins. Our findings establish semaphorins as physiologically relevant receptors for TcsL, and reveal the molecular basis for the difference in tissue targeting and disease pathogenesis between highly related toxins.

scholarly journals Exotoxins of Staphylococcus aureus

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin M. Dinges ◽  
Paul M. Orwin ◽  
Patrick M. Schlievert
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
The Family ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin ◽  
And Function

SUMMARY This article reviews the literature regarding the structure and function of two types of exotoxins expressed by Staphylococcus aureus, pyrogenic toxin superantigens (PTSAgs) and hemolysins. The molecular basis of PTSAg toxicity is presented in the context of two diseases known to be caused by these exotoxins: toxic shock syndrome and staphylococcal food poisoning. The family of staphylococcal PTSAgs presently includes toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) and most of the staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) (SEA, SEB, SEC, SED, SEE, SEG, and SEH). As the name implies, the PTSAgs are multifunctional proteins that invariably exhibit lethal activity, pyrogenicity, superantigenicity, and the capacity to induce lethal hypersensitivity to endotoxin. Other properties exhibited by one or more staphylococcal PTSAgs include emetic activity (SEs) and penetration across mucosal barriers (TSST-1). A detailed review of the molecular mechanisms underlying the toxicity of the staphylococcal hemolysins is also presented.

Veno-Venous Ecmo For Toxic Shock Syndrome In A Former Preterm Neonate

2006 ◽  
Vol 210 (S 5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Debeer ◽  
B Meyns ◽  
K Allegaert ◽  
C Vanhole
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Preterm Neonate ◽  
Toxic Shock

Veno-Venous Ecmo For Toxic Shock Syndrome In A Former Preterm Neonate

2006 ◽  
Vol 210 (S 5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Debeer ◽  
B Meyns ◽  
K Allegaert ◽  
C Vanhole
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Preterm Neonate ◽  
Toxic Shock

Association of Characteristics of Tampon Use with Menstrual Toxic Shock Syndrome in France

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaury Billon ◽  
Marie-Paule Gustin ◽  
Anne Tristan ◽  
Thomas Bénet ◽  
Julien Berthiller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Toxic Shock

Neonatal Toxic Shock Syndrome–Like Exanthematous Disease in North America

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Culler Freeman ◽  
Stephanie Mitchell ◽  
John Ibrahim ◽  
John V Williams
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Skin Rash ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
First Case

Abstract Neonatal toxic shock syndrome (TSS)-like exanthematous disease (NTED) is a syndrome first reported in Japan. Neonates develop systemic exanthema, thrombocytopenia, and fever usually during the first week of life. The disease is distinguished from frank TSS because affected infants are not severely ill and do not meet TSS criteria. Most infants are confirmed to be colonized with TSST-1 producing strains of S. aureus. Suggested diagnostic criteria for NTED include a skin rash with generalized macular erythema and one of the following symptoms: fever >38.0°C, thrombocytopenia <150 x103uL, or low positive C-reactive protein (1-5 mg/dL) in the absence of another known disease process. NTED is common in Japanese NICUs, but outside Japan, only one case has been reported in France. We describe the first case of NTED reported in North America.

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