Prevalence of producers of enterotoxins and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 amongStaphylococcus aureus strains isolated from atopic dermatitis lesions

1996 ◽  
Vol 288 (7) ◽  
pp. 418-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisanori Akiyama ◽  
Yoichiro Toi ◽  
Hiroko Kanzaki ◽  
Joji Tada ◽  
Jirô Arata
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin

scholarly journals Staphylococcal TSST-1 Association with Eczema Herpeticum in Humans

mSphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick M. Schlievert ◽  
Richard J. Roller ◽  
Samuel H. Kilgore ◽  
Miguel Villarreal ◽  
Aloysius J. Klingelhutz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus Infection ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Eczema Herpeticum ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin ◽  
Simplex Virus

Atopic dermatitis (eczema, AD) with concurrent herpes simplex virus infection (eczema herpeticum, ADEH) is a severe form of AD. We show that ADEH patients are colonized with Staphylococcus aureus that primarily produces the superantigen toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1); however, significantly but to a lesser extent the superantigens staphylococcal enterotoxins A, B, and C are also represented in ADEH.

scholarly journals Temporal and Racial Differences Associated with Atopic Dermatitis Staphylococcus aureus and Encoded Virulence Factors

mSphere ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Merriman ◽  
Elizabeth A. Mueller ◽  
Michael P. Cahill ◽  
Lisa A. Beck ◽  
Amy S. Paller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Enterotoxin Gene ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin

ABSTRACT Monitoring pathogen emergence provides insight into how pathogens adapt in the human population. Secreted virulence factors, important contributors to infections, may differ in a manner dependent on the strain and host. Temporal changes of Staphylococcus aureus toxigenic potential, for example, in encoding toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1), contributed to an epidemic of TSS with significant health impact. This study monitored changes in atopic dermatitis (AD) S. aureus isolates and demonstrated both temporal and host infection differences according to host race based on secreted superantigen potential. The current temporal increase in enterotoxin gene cluster superantigen prevalence and lack of the gene encoding TSST-1 in AAs predict differences in infection types and presentations. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin condition strongly associated with Staphylococcus aureus colonization and infection. S. aureus strains shift in populations in ~10-year intervals depending on virulence factors. Shifts in S. aureus virulence factors may in part explain the racial differences observed in the levels of prevalence and severity of AD. AD S. aureus isolates collected from 2011 to 2014 (103 isolates) and in 2008 (100 isolates) were examined for the prevalence of genes encoding superantigens (SAgs). The strains from 2011 to 2014 were obtained from AD patients as a part of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Atopic Dermatitis Research Network (ADRN). The prevalence of SAg genes was investigated temporally and racially. The enterotoxin gene cluster (EGC) was more prevalent in the 2011–2014 AD isolates than in the 2008 AD isolates. The prevalences of virulence factor genes were similar in European American (EA) and Mexican American (MA) patients but differed in 6 of 22 SAg genes between EA and African American (AA) or MA and AA isolates; notably, AA isolates lacked tstH, the gene encoding toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1). The presence of tstH and sel-p (enterotoxin-like P) was associated with decreased clinical severity and increased blood eosinophils, respectively. The EGC is becoming more prevalent, consistent with the previously observed 10 years of cycling of S. aureus strains. Race-specific S. aureus selection may account for differences in virulence factor profiles. The lack of TSST-1-positive (TSST-1+) AD S. aureus in AA is consistent with the lack of AAs acquiring TSST-1-associated menstrual toxic shock syndrome (TSS). IMPORTANCE Monitoring pathogen emergence provides insight into how pathogens adapt in the human population. Secreted virulence factors, important contributors to infections, may differ in a manner dependent on the strain and host. Temporal changes of Staphylococcus aureus toxigenic potential, for example, in encoding toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1), contributed to an epidemic of TSS with significant health impact. This study monitored changes in atopic dermatitis (AD) S. aureus isolates and demonstrated both temporal and host infection differences according to host race based on secreted superantigen potential. The current temporal increase in enterotoxin gene cluster superantigen prevalence and lack of the gene encoding TSST-1 in AAs predict differences in infection types and presentations.

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