Constructing a cosmological model-independent Hubble diagram of type Ia supernovae with cosmic chronometers

In this paper, we perform a cosmological model-independent test of the cosmic distance–duality relation (CDDR) in terms of the ratio of angular diameter distance (ADD) [Formula: see text] from strong gravitational lensing (SGL) and the ratio of luminosity distance (LD) [Formula: see text] obtained from the joint of type Ia supernovae (SNIa) Union2.1 compilation and the latest Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) data, where the superscripts s and l correspond to the redshifts [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] at the source and lens from SGL samples. The purpose of combining GRB data with SNIa compilation is to test CDDR in a wider redshift range. The LD associated with the redshifts of the observed ADD is obtained through two cosmological model-independent methods, namely, method A: binning the SNIa+GRBs data, and method B: reconstructing the function of DL by combining the Crossing Statistic with the smoothing method. We find that CDDR is compatible with the observations at [Formula: see text] confidence level for the power law model which is assumed to describe the mass distribution of lensing systems with method B in a wider redshift range.

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Model-independent cosmic acceleration and redshift-dependent intrinsic luminosity in type-Ia supernovae

Astronomy and Astrophysics ◽

10.1051/0004-6361/201833032 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 625 ◽

pp. A15 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

I. Tutusaus ◽

B. Lamine ◽

A. Blanchard

Keyword(s):

Spline Interpolation ◽

High Redshift ◽

Cosmic Acceleration ◽

Expansion Rate ◽

Type Ia Supernovae ◽

Type Ia ◽

Model Independent ◽

Ia Supernovae ◽

The Universe ◽

Intrinsic Luminosity

Context. The cosmological concordance model (ΛCDM) is the current standard model in cosmology thanks to its ability to reproduce the observations. The first observational evidence for this model appeared roughly 20 years ago from the type-Ia supernovae (SNIa) Hubble diagram from two different groups. However, there has been some debate in the literature concerning the statistical treatment of SNIa, and their stature as proof of cosmic acceleration. Aims. In this paper we relax the standard assumption that SNIa intrinsic luminosity is independent of redshift, and examine whether it may have an impact on our cosmological knowledge and more precisely on the accelerated nature of the expansion of the universe. Methods. To maximise the scope of this study, we do not specify a given cosmological model, but we reconstruct the expansion rate of the universe through a cubic spline interpolation fitting the observations of the different cosmological probes: SNIa, baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO), and the high-redshift information from the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Results. We show that when SNIa intrinsic luminosity is not allowed to vary as a function of redshift, cosmic acceleration is definitely proven in a model-independent approach. However, allowing for redshift dependence, a nonaccelerated reconstruction of the expansion rate is able to fit, at the same level of ΛCDM, the combination of SNIa and BAO data, both treating the BAO standard ruler rd as a free parameter (not entering on the physics governing the BAO), and adding the recently published prior from CMB observations. We further extend the analysis by including the CMB data. In this case we also consider a third way to combine the different probes by explicitly computing rd from the physics of the early universe, and we show that a nonaccelerated reconstruction is able to nicely fit this combination of low- and high-redshift data. We also check that this reconstruction is compatible with the latest measurements of the growth rate of matter perturbations. We finally show that the value of the Hubble constant (H0) predicted by this reconstruction is in tension with model-independent measurements. Conclusions. We present a model-independent reconstruction of a nonaccelerated expansion rate of the universe that is able to fit all the main background cosmological probes nicely. However, the predicted value of H0 is in tension with recent direct measurements. Our analysis points out that a final reliable and consensual value for H0 is critical to definitively prove cosmic acceleration in a model-independent way.

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Observations of Type Ia Supernovae and Challenges for Cosmology

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100009623 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 192 ◽

pp. 525-533

Author(s):

Weidong Li ◽

Alexei V. Filippenko

Keyword(s):

Dark Energy ◽

Light Curve ◽

Rise Time ◽

Accelerating Universe ◽

Type Ia Supernovae ◽

Hubble Diagram ◽

High Quality ◽

Type Ia ◽

Secondary Parameter ◽

Ia Supernovae

SummaryObservations of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) reveal correlations between their luminosities and light-curve shapes, and between their spectral sequence and photometric sequence. Assuming SNe Ia do not evolve at different redshifts, the Hubble diagram of SNe Ia may indicate an accelerating Universe, the signature of a cosmological constant or other forms of dark energy. Several studies raise concerns about the evolution of SNe Ia (e.g., the peculiarity rate, the rise time, and the color of SNe Ia at different redshifts), but all these studies suffer from the difficulties of obtaining high-quality spectroscopy and photometry for SNe Ia at high redshifts. There are also some troubling cases of SNe Ia that provide counter examples to the observed correlations, suggesting that a secondary parameter is necessary to describe the whole SN Ia family. Understanding SNe Ia both observationally and theoretically will be the key to boosting confidence in the SN Ia cosmological results.

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Correcting for peculiar velocities of Type Ia supernovae in clusters of galaxies

Astronomy and Astrophysics ◽

10.1051/0004-6361/201832932 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 615 ◽

pp. A162 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

P.-F. Léget ◽

M. V. Pruzhinskaya ◽

A. Ciulli ◽

E. Gangler ◽

G. Aldering ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Galaxy Clusters ◽

Virgo Cluster ◽

Type Ia Supernovae ◽

Hubble Diagram ◽

Cosmological Redshift ◽

Peculiar Velocity ◽

Peculiar Velocities ◽

Velocity Correction ◽

Type Ia ◽

Ia Supernovae

Context. Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are widely used to measure the expansion of the Universe. To perform such measurements the luminosity and cosmological redshift (z) of the SNe Ia have to be determined. The uncertainty on z includes an unknown peculiar velocity, which can be very large for SNe Ia in the virialized cores of massive clusters. Aims. We determine which SNe Ia exploded in galaxy clusters using 145 SNe Ia from the Nearby Supernova Factory. We then study how the correction for peculiar velocities of host galaxies inside the clusters improves the Hubble residuals. Methods. We found 11 candidates for membership in clusters. We applied the biweight technique to estimate the redshift of a cluster. Then, we used the galaxy cluster redshift instead of the host galaxy redshift to construct the Hubble diagram. Results. For SNe Ia inside galaxy clusters, the dispersion around the Hubble diagram when peculiar velocities are taken into account is smaller compared with a case without peculiar velocity correction, which has a wRMS = 0.130 ± 0.038 mag instead of wRMS = 0.137 ± 0.036 mag. The significance of this improvement is 3.58σ. If we remove the very nearby Virgo cluster member SN2006X (z < 0.01) from the analysis, the significance decreases to 1.34σ. The peculiar velocity correction is found to be highest for the SNe Ia hosted by blue spiral galaxies. Those SNe Ia have high local specific star formation rates and smaller stellar masses, which is seemingly counter to what might be expected given the heavy concentration of old, massive elliptical galaxies in clusters. Conclusions. As expected, the Hubble residuals of SNe Ia associated with massive galaxy clusters improve when the cluster redshift is taken as the cosmological redshift of the supernova. This fact has to be taken into account in future cosmological analyses in order to achieve higher accuracy for cosmological redshift measurements. We provide an approach to do so.

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The dependence of Type Ia Supernovae salt2 light-curve parameters on host galaxy morphology

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ◽

10.1093/mnras/staa3173 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 499 (4) ◽

pp. 5121-5135

Author(s):

M V Pruzhinskaya ◽

A K Novinskaya ◽

N Pauna ◽

P Rosnet

Keyword(s):

Light Curve ◽

Host Galaxy ◽

Type Ia Supernovae ◽

Distance Modulus ◽

Early Type ◽

Late Type ◽

Hubble Diagram ◽

Type Ia ◽

Ia Supernovae ◽

Galaxy Morphology

ABSTRACT Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) are widely used to measure distances in the Universe. Despite the recent progress achieved in SN Ia standardization, the Hubble diagram still shows some remaining intrinsic dispersion. The remaining scatter in supernova luminosity could be due to the environmental effects that are accounted for as mass step correction in the current cosmological analyses. In this work, we compare the local and global colour (U − V), the local star formation rate, and the host stellar mass to the host galaxy morphology. The observed trends suggest that the host galaxy morphology is a relevant parameter to characterize the SN Ia environment. Therefore, we study the influence of host galaxy morphology on light-curve parameters of SNe Ia from the pantheon cosmological supernova sample. We determine the Hubble morphological type of host galaxies for a subsample of 330 SNe Ia. We confirm that the salt2 stretch parameter x1 depends on the host morphology with the p-value ∼10−14. The supernovae with lower stretch value are hosted mainly by elliptical and lenticular galaxies. No correlation for the salt2 colour parameter c is found. We also examine Hubble diagram residuals for supernovae hosted by ‘early-type’ and ‘late-type’ morphological groups of galaxies. The analysis reveals that the mean distance modulus residual in early-type galaxies is smaller than the one in late-type galaxies, which means that early-type galaxies contain brighter supernovae after stretch and colour corrections. However, we do not observe any difference in the residual dispersion for these two morphological groups. The obtained results are in the line with other analyses showing environmental dependence of SN Ia light-curve parameters and luminosity. We confirm the importance of including a host galaxy parameter into the standardization procedure of SNe Ia for further cosmological studies.

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Testing the isotropy of the Universe with Type Ia supernovae in a model-independent way

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ◽

10.1093/mnras/stx2982 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 474 (3) ◽

pp. 3516-3522 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Yu-Yang Wang ◽

F Y Wang

Keyword(s):

Dark Energy ◽

Equation Of State ◽

Light Curve ◽

Type Ia Supernovae ◽

Anisotropic Universe ◽

Preferred Direction ◽

Type Ia ◽

Model Independent ◽

Ia Supernovae ◽

The Universe

Abstract In this paper, we study an anisotropic universe model with Bianchi-I metric using Joint light-curve analysis (JLA) sample of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). Because light-curve parameters of SNe Ia vary with different cosmological models and SNe Ia samples, we fit the SNe Ia light-curve parameters and cosmological parameters simultaneously employing Markov chain Monte Carlo method. Therefore, the results on the amount of deviation from isotropy of the dark energy equation of state (δ), and the level of anisotropy of the large-scale geometry (Σ0) at present, are totally model-independent. The constraints on the skewness and cosmic shear are −0.101 < δ < 0.071 and −0.007 < Σ0 < 0.008. This result is consistent with a standard isotropic universe (δ = Σ0 = 0). However, a moderate level of anisotropy in the geometry of the Universe and the equation of state of dark energy, is allowed. Besides, there is no obvious evidence for a preferred direction of anisotropic axis in this model.

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A Hubble diagram of distant type IA supernovae

The Astronomical Journal ◽

10.1086/117251 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 109 ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 245

Author(s):

Mario Hamuy ◽

M. M. Phillips ◽

Jose Maza ◽

Nicholas B. Suntzeff ◽

R. A. Schommer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type Ia Supernovae ◽

Hubble Diagram ◽

Type Ia ◽

Ia Supernovae

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Carnegie Supernova Project-II: Extending the Near-infrared Hubble Diagram for Type Ia Supernovae to z ∼ 0.1

Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific ◽

10.1088/1538-3873/aae8bd ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 131 (995) ◽

pp. 014001 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

M. M. Phillips ◽

Carlos Contreras ◽

E. Y. Hsiao ◽

Nidia Morrell ◽

Christopher R. Burns ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Near Infrared ◽

Type Ia Supernovae ◽

Hubble Diagram ◽

Type Ia ◽

Ia Supernovae

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Toward cosmological-model-independent calibrations for the luminosity relations of Gamma-Ray Bursts

International Journal of Modern Physics D ◽

10.1142/s0218271815500571 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 24 (07) ◽

pp. 1550057 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Xuheng Ding ◽

Zhengxiang Li ◽

Zong-Hong Zhu

Keyword(s):

Cosmological Model ◽

Gamma Ray ◽

Distance Estimation ◽

Gamma Ray Bursts ◽

Type Ia ◽

Model Independent ◽

Global Fit ◽

Ia Supernovae ◽

Distance Indicators ◽

The Universe

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), have been widely used as distance indicators to measure the cosmic expansion and explore the nature of dark energy. A popular method adopted in previous works is to calibrate the luminosity relations which are responsible for distance estimation of GRBs with more primary (low redshift) cosmic distance ladder objects, type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). Since distances of SNe Ia in all SN Ia samples used to calibrate GRB luminosity relations were usually derived from the global fit in a specific cosmological model, the distance of GRB at a given redshift calibrated with matching SNe Ia was still cosmological-model-dependent. In this paper, we first directly determine the distances of SNe Ia with the Angular Diameter Distances (ADDs) of galaxy clusters without any assumption for the background of the universe, and then calibrate GRB luminosity relations with our cosmology-independent distances of SNe Ia. The results suggest that, compared to the previous original manner where distances of SNe Ia used as calibrators are determined from the global fit in a particular cosmological model, our treatments proposed here yield almost the same calibrations of GRB luminosity relations and the cosmological implications of them do not suffer any circularity.

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