scholarly journals Evolutionary Variation in MADS Box Dimerization Affects Floral Development and Protein Abundance in Maize

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 3408-3424 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Jazmín Abraham-Juárez ◽  
Amanda Schrager-Lavelle ◽  
Jarrett Man ◽  
Clinton Whipple ◽  
Pubudu Handakumbura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Floral Development ◽  
Protein Abundance ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Evolutionary Variation

scholarly journals Evolutionary variation in MADS-box dimerization affects floral development and protein stability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Jazmin Abraham Juarez ◽  
Amanda Schrager-Lavelle ◽  
Jarrett Man ◽  
Clinton Whipple ◽  
Pubudu Handakumbura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Stability ◽  
Gene Networks ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Molecular Change ◽  
Evolutionary Variation ◽  
Floral Diversification ◽  
Floral Form

AbstractShifting interactions between MADS-box transcription factors may have been critical in the emergence of the flower, and in floral diversification. However, how evolutionary variation in MADS-box interactions affects the development and evolution of floral form remains unknown. Interactions between B-class MADS-box proteins are variable across the grass family. Here, we test the functional consequences of this evolutionary variability using maize as an experimental system. We found that differential B-class dimerization was associated with subtle, quantitative differences in stamen shape. In contrast, differential dimerization resulted in large-scale changes to protein complex composition and downstream gene expression. Differential dimerization also affected B-class complex abundance, independent of RNA levels. Thus, differential dimerization may affect protein stability. This reveals an important consequence for evolutionary variability in MADS-box interactions, adding complexity to the evolution of developmental gene networks. Our results show that floral development is robust to molecular change, even coding change in a master regulator of development. This robustness may contribute to the evolvability of floral form.

scholarly journals MADS-box genes are involved in floral development and evolution.

2001 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Saedler ◽  
A Becker ◽  
K U Winter ◽  
C Kirchner ◽  
G Theissen
Keyword(s):  
Floral Development ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Mads Box Genes ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Organ Identity ◽  
Eukaryotic Organisms

MADS-box genes encode transcription factors in all eukaryotic organisms thus far studied. Plant MADS-box proteins contain a DNA-binding (M), an intervening (I), a Keratin-like (K) and a C-terminal C-domain, thus plant MADS-box proteins are of the MIKC type. In higher plants most of the well-characterized genes are involved in floral development. They control the transition from vegetative to generative growth and determine inflorescence meristem identity. They specify floral organ identity as outlined in the ABC model of floral development. Moreover, in Antirrhinum majus the MADS-box gene products DEF/GLO and PLE control cell proliferation in the developing flower bud. In this species the DEF/GLO and the SQUA proteins form a ternary complex which determines the overall "Bauplan" of the flower. Phylogenetic reconstructions of MADS-box sequences obtained from ferns, gymnosperms and higher eudicots reveal that, although ferns possess already MIKC type genes, these are not orthologous to the well characterized MADS-box genes from gymnosperms or angiosperms. Putative orthologs of floral homeotic B- and C-function genes have been identified in different gymnosperms suggesting that these genes evolved some 300-400 million years ago. Both gymnosperms and angiosperms also contain a hitherto unknown sister clade of the B-genes, which we termed Bsister. A novel hypothesis will be described suggesting that B and Bsister might be involved in sex determination of male and female reproductive organs, respectively.

scholarly journals Evolution and function of MADS-box genes involved in orchid floral development

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Chieh TSAI ◽  
Zhao-Jun PAN ◽  
Yu-Yun HSIAO ◽  
Li-Jun CHEN ◽  
Zhong-Jian LIU
Keyword(s):  
Floral Development ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Mads Box Genes ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Interactions Between SQUAMOSA and SVP MADS-box Proteins Regulate Meristem Transitions During Wheat Spike Development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Li ◽  
Juan M. Debernardi ◽  
Chengxia Li ◽  
Huiqiong Lin ◽  
Chaozhong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Floral Development ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
Genetic Interactions ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Mads Box Genes ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Spike Development ◽  
Physical Interactions ◽  
Wheat Spike

ABSTRACTA better understanding of spike development can contribute to improving wheat productivity. MADS-box genes VRN1 and FUL2 (SQUAMOSA-clade) play critical and redundant roles in wheat spike and spikelet development, where they act as repressors of MADS-box genes of the SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP) clade (VRT2, SVP1 and SVP3). Here, we show that wheat vrt2 svp1 mutants are late flowering, have shorter stems, increased number of spikelets per spike and unusual axillary inflorescences in nodes of the elongating stem. Constitutive expression of VRT2 resulted in leafy glumes and lemmas, reversion of basal spikelets to spikes, and down-regulation of MADS-genes involved in floral development. Moreover, constitutive expression of VRT2 enhanced spikelet defects of ful2, whereas vrt2 reduced vegetative characteristics in the spikelets of vrn1 ful2 mutants heterozygous for VRN-A1. These SVP-SQUAMOSA genetic interactions were paralleled by physical interactions among their encoded proteins. SVP proteins were able to reduce SQUAMOSA-SEPALLATA interactions in yeast-three-hybrid experiments. We propose that SQUAMOSA-SVP complexes act during the early reproductive phase to promote heading, formation of the terminal spikelet, and stem elongation, but that down-regulation of SVP genes is then necessary for the formation of SQUAMOSA-SEPALLATA complexes that are required for normal spikelet and floral development.

scholarly journals Dissecting the role of MADS-box genes in monocot floral development and diversity

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2435-2459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy Callens ◽  
Matthew R Tucker ◽  
Dabing Zhang ◽  
Zoe A Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Floral Development ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Mads Box Genes

scholarly journals bearded-ear Encodes a MADS Box Transcription Factor Critical for Maize Floral Development

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 2578-2590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth E. Thompson ◽  
Linnea Bartling ◽  
Clint Whipple ◽  
Darren H. Hall ◽  
Hajime Sakai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
Mads Box

scholarly journals Duplication and Diversification in the APETALA1/FRUITFULL Floral Homeotic Gene Lineage: Implications for the Evolution of Floral Development

Genetics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 165 (2) ◽  
pp. 821-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Litt ◽  
Vivian F Irish
Keyword(s):  
Floral Development ◽  
Signal Sequence ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Mads Box ◽  
Mads Box Genes ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
Core Eudicots ◽  
Duplication Events ◽  
Angiosperm Species

Abstract Phylogenetic analyses of angiosperm MADS-box genes suggest that this gene family has undergone multiple duplication events followed by sequence divergence. To determine when such events have taken place and to understand the relationships of particular MADS-box gene lineages, we have identified APETALA1/FRUITFULL-like MADS-box genes from a variety of angiosperm species. Our phylogenetic analyses show two gene clades within the core eudicots, euAP1 (including Arabidopsis APETALA1 and Antirrhinum SQUAMOSA) and euFUL (including Arabidopsis FRUITFULL). Non-core eudicot species have only sequences similar to euFUL genes (FUL-like). The predicted protein products of euFUL and FUL-like genes share a conserved C-terminal motif. In contrast, predicted products of members of the euAP1 gene clade contain a different C terminus that includes an acidic transcription activation domain and a farnesylation signal. Sequence analyses indicate that the euAP1 amino acid motifs may have arisen via a translational frameshift from the euFUL/FUL-like motif. The euAP1 gene clade includes key regulators of floral development that have been implicated in the specification of perianth identity. However, the presence of euAP1 genes only in core eudicots suggests that there may have been changes in mechanisms of floral development that are correlated with the fixation of floral structure seen in this clade.

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