Coherent diffractive imaging: towards achieving atomic resolution

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1498-1508 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Dietze ◽  
O. G. Shpyrko
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Atomic Resolution ◽  
Uniform Density ◽  
Diffractive Imaging ◽  
Crystalline Materials ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nanoscale Structures ◽  
Coherent Diffractive Imaging ◽  
Unit Cell Dimensions

The next generation of X-ray sources will feature highly brilliant X-ray beams that will enable the imaging of local nanoscale structures with unprecedented resolution. A general formalism to predict the achievable spatial resolution in coherent diffractive imaging, based solely on diffracted intensities, is provided. The coherent dose necessary to reach atomic resolution depends significantly on the atomic scale structure, where disordered or amorphous materials require roughly three orders of magnitude lower dose compared with the expected scaling of uniform density materials. Additionally, dose reduction for crystalline materials are predicted at certain resolutions based only on their unit-cell dimensions and structure factors.

scholarly journals Experimental 3D coherent diffractive imaging from photon-sparse random projections

IUCrJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Giewekemeyer ◽  
A. Aquila ◽  
N.-T. D. Loh ◽  
Y. Chushkin ◽  
K. S. Shanks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Atomic Resolution ◽  
Random Projections ◽  
Energy Storage Materials ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Diffractive Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Coherent Diffractive Imaging ◽  
Particle Imaging ◽  
Single Particle Imaging

The routine atomic resolution structure determination of single particles is expected to have profound implications for probing structure–function relationships in systems ranging from energy-storage materials to biological molecules. Extremely bright ultrashort-pulse X-ray sources – X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) – provide X-rays that can be used to probe ensembles of nearly identical nanoscale particles. When combined with coherent diffractive imaging, these objects can be imaged; however, as the resolution of the images approaches the atomic scale, the measured data are increasingly difficult to obtain and, during an X-ray pulse, the number of photons incident on the 2D detector is much smaller than the number of pixels. This latter concern, the signal `sparsity', materially impedes the application of the method. An experimental analog using a conventional X-ray source is demonstrated and yields signal levels comparable with those expected from single biomolecules illuminated by focused XFEL pulses. The analog experiment provides an invaluable cross check on the fidelity of the reconstructed data that is not available during XFEL experiments. Using these experimental data, it is established that a sparsity of order 1.3 × 10−3 photons per pixel per frame can be overcome, lending vital insight to the solution of the atomic resolution XFEL single-particle imaging problem by experimentally demonstrating 3D coherent diffractive imaging from photon-sparse random projections.

scholarly journals Hard X-ray polarizer to enable simultaneous three-dimensional nanoscale imaging of magnetic structure and lattice strain

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 1210-1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Logan ◽  
Ross Harder ◽  
Luxi Li ◽  
Daniel Haskel ◽  
Pice Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Circular Dichroism ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Magnetic Ordering ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Diffractive Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Coherent Diffractive Imaging ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
A New Technique

Recent progress in the development of dichroic Bragg coherent diffractive imaging, a new technique for simultaneous three-dimensional imaging of strain and magnetization at the nanoscale, is reported. This progress includes the installation of a diamond X-ray phase retarder at beamline 34-ID-C of the Advanced Photon Source. The performance of the phase retarder for tuning X-ray polarization is demonstrated with temperature-dependent X-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements on a gadolinium foil in transmission and on a Gd5Si2Ge2crystal in diffraction geometry with a partially coherent, focused X-ray beam. Feasibility tests for dichroic Bragg coherent diffractive imaging are presented. These tests include (1) using conventional Bragg coherent diffractive imaging to determine whether the phase retarder introduces aberrations using a nonmagnetic gold nanocrystal as a control sample, and (2) collecting coherent diffraction patterns of a magnetic Gd5Si2Ge2nanocrystal with left- and right-circularly polarized X-rays. Future applications of dichroic Bragg coherent diffractive imaging for the correlation of strain and lattice defects with magnetic ordering and inhomogeneities are considered.

Characterization of a 20-nm hard x-ray focus by ptychographic coherent diffractive imaging

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Vila-Comamala ◽  
Ana Diaz ◽  
Manuel Guizar-Sicairos ◽  
Sergey Gorelick ◽  
Vitaliy A. Guzenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffractive Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Coherent Diffractive Imaging ◽  
20 Nm

scholarly journals Cryo-coherent diffractive imaging of biological samples with X-ray free-electron lasers

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-178
Author(s):  
Huaidong Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Biological Samples ◽  
Free Electron ◽  
Free Electron Laser ◽  
Free Electron Lasers ◽  
Diffractive Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Coherent Diffractive Imaging ◽  
Recent Developments

Recent developments in the imaging of biological samples using the X-ray free-electron laser at the SACLA facility are highlighted.

scholarly journals Toward atomic resolution diffractive imaging of isolated molecules with X-ray free-electron lasers

2014 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. 393-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Stern ◽  
L. Holmegaard ◽  
F. Filsinger ◽  
A. Rouzée ◽  
A. Rudenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Electron ◽  
Atomic Resolution ◽  
Free Electron Lasers ◽  
Diffractive Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Isolated Molecules

scholarly journals Single-Shot X-Ray Coherent Diffractive Imaging of Superfluid He Nanodroplets

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C289-C289
Author(s):  
Oliver Gessner ◽  
Christoph Bostedt ◽  
Andrey Vilesov
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Diffractive Imaging ◽  
Helium Droplets ◽  
Helium Nanodroplets ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Coherent Diffractive Imaging ◽  
Quantum Phenomena

Single-shot coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) experiments were performed on pure and doped helium nanodroplets using femtosecond X-ray pulses from the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). The superfluid nature of helium droplets presents a rare opportunity to study the onset of macroscopic quantum phenomena in finite, sub-micron scale systems. Despite the small X-ray scattering cross sections of atomic helium, high-quality single-shot CDI data were obtained that give direct access to sizes and shapes of individual nanodroplets. The diffraction patterns from helium droplets doped with xenon atoms differ starkly from the patterns from pure droplets. Strong indications for the formation of complex xenon structures inside the superfluid helium environment are observed, giving access to information about the structure and aggregation dynamics of the dopant species. The results are discussed with respect to the hydrodynamic properties of the superfluid droplets and compared to those of classical drops. An outlook on femtosecond time-resolved CDI experiments to study dynamics in pure and Xe-doped He nanodroplets will be given based on a new undulator-based X-ray pump/X-ray probe technique that is currently under development at LCLS.

scholarly journals Numerical Analysis of Antiphase Domain Boundaries in a FeAl Alloy Using X-Ray Bragg Coherent Diffractive Imaging

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (S2) ◽  
pp. 50-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chan Kim ◽  
Virginie Chamard ◽  
Jorg Hallmann ◽  
Wei Lu ◽  
Ulrike Boesenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Antiphase Domain ◽  
Diffractive Imaging ◽  
Feal Alloy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Coherent Diffractive Imaging ◽  
Domain Boundaries

scholarly journals PDF Analysis on a Laboratory System: Adapting the Experiment to the Material

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C870-C870
Author(s):  
Céleste Reiss ◽  
Milen Gateshki ◽  
Marco Sommariva
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Function ◽  
Pair Distribution Function ◽  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Nearest Neighbors ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Experimental Point ◽  
Laboratory System ◽  
Crystalline Materials ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pdf Analysis

The increased interest in recent years regarding the properties and applications of nanomaterials has also created the need to characterize the structures of these materials. However, due to the lack of long-range atomic ordering, the structures of nanostructured and amorphous materials are not accessible by conventional diffraction methods used to study crystalline materials. One of the most promising techniques to study nanostructures using X-ray diffraction is by using the total scattering (Bragg peaks and diffuse scattering) from the samples and the pair distribution function (PDF) analysis. The pair distribution function provides the probability of finding atoms separated by a certain distance. This function is not direction-dependent; it only looks at the absolute value of the distance between the nearest neighbors, the next nearest neighbors and so on. The method can therefore also be used to analyze non-crystalline materials. From experimental point of view a typical PDF analysis requires the use of intense high-energy X-ray radiation (E ≥ 20 KeV) and a wide 2θ range. After the initial feasibility studies regarding the use of standard laboratory diffraction equipment for PDF analysis [1-3] this application has been further developed to achieve improved data quality and to extend the range of materials, environmental conditions and geometrical configurations that can be used for PDF experiments. Studies performed on different nanocrystalline and amorphous materials of scientific and technological interest, including organic substances, oxides, metallic alloys, etc. have demonstrated that PDF analysis with a laboratory diffractometer can be a valuable tool for structural characterization of nanomaterials. This contribution presents several examples of laboratory PDF studies, in which the experimental conditions have been successfully adapted to match the specific requirements of materials under investigation.

scholarly journals Design of a liquid cell toward three-dimensional imaging of unidirectionally-aligned particles in solution using X-ray free-electron lasers

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2622-2628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiro Suzuki ◽  
Takashi Kimura ◽  
Ying Yang ◽  
Yoshiya Niida ◽  
Akiko Nishioka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Electron ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Free Electron Lasers ◽  
Diffractive Imaging ◽  
Three Dimensional Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Coherent Diffractive Imaging ◽  
Liquid Cell

A liquid cell was designed for coherent diffractive imaging measurements at high tilt angles and tested at SACLA.

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