3D path planning, routing algorithms and routing protocols for unmanned air vehicles: a review

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (9) ◽  
pp. 1245-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samia Ben Amarat ◽  
Peng Zong
Keyword(s):  
Path Planning ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Unmanned Air Vehicles ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Uav Navigation ◽  
Air Vehicles

Purpose This paper aims to present a comprehensive review in major research areas of unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) navigation, i.e. three degree-of-freedom (3D) path planning, routing algorithm and routing protocols. The paper is further aimed to provide a meaningful comparison among these algorithms and methods and also intend to find the best ones for a particular application. Design/methodology/approach The major UAV navigation research areas are further classified into different categories based on methods and models. Each category is discussed in detail with updated research work done in that very domain. Performance evaluation criteria are defined separately for each category. Based on these criteria and research challenges, research questions are also proposed in this work and answered in discussion according to the presented literature review. Findings The research has found that conventional and node-based algorithms are a popular choice for path planning. Similarly, the graph-based methods are preferred for route planning and hybrid routing protocols are proved better in providing performance. The research has also found promising areas for future research directions, i.e. critical link method for UAV path planning and queuing theory as a routing algorithm for large UAV networks. Originality/value The proposed work is a first attempt to provide a comprehensive study on all research aspects of UAV navigation. In addition, a comparison of these methods, algorithms and techniques based on standard performance criteria is also presented the very first time.

scholarly journals A Literature review of Routing and Cloud Deployment Methodologies used in an Air Vehicle

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-124
Author(s):  
Vivekanadam Balasubramaniam
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Path Planning ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Queuing Theory ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Route Planning ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Challenge

We present a complete overview of routing protocols, routing algorithms, path planning, and cloud deployment for vehicle navigation in several fields of study in this article. In this article, we compare several approaches and algorithms with the goal of identifying the best feasible ones based on the type of application being utilized. In general, navigation of vehicles will be based on models and methods. Hence in this paper each characteristics are examined in detail and the research has been done accordingly. Under each characteristic, performance evaluation criteria are separately analysed. Questions are also provided for which the literature review serves as a form of discussion, according to the research challenge and criteria. For path planning, node-based as well as traditional algorithms are considered as the best choices. Similarly, the performance is significantly improved when using hybrid routing protocols and route planning methodologies that prefer graph based techniques. It has been observed that, a number of future research directions such as routing algorithm with queuing theory and path planning with critical link methods also serve the probable domains. This work is a concise comprehensive study of the various characteristics of a vehicle with respect to navigation. A comparison of techniques, algorithms and methods by using the standard performance criteria has also been elaborated.

Polyurethane cum hydrophobic finishing of acrylic fabrics for enhanced comfort characteristics

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.A. Raza ◽  
F. Anwar ◽  
N. Ahmad ◽  
A. Rehman ◽  
N. Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Waterborne Polyurethane ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Property A ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Moisture Management ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Acrylic Fabric

Purpose The paper aims to improve the protective and comfort properties of both woven and knitted acrylic fabrics by applying a hybrid waterborne polyurethane/fluorocarbon hydrophobic finish. Design/methodology/approach In this study, it was found that the transportation of water from fabrics is one of the important textile parameters. To improve this property, a polyurethane-based finish (Dicrylan BSRN®) and an oil- and water-repellent finish (Oleophobol ZSR®) were applied by using the pad-dry-cure method. After applying the finishes, the resultant fabric samples were investigated for various textile properties. Findings The application of Oleophobol ZSR® increased the absorbency time, indicating that the fabric became hydrophobic, whereas the application of Dicrylan BSRN® finish improved the moisture management properties of the woven acrylic. The tensile strength of the woven acrylic fabric was not significantly affected by the application of these finishes. The contact angle of treated knitted fabrics increased and air permeability decreased with an increase in the concentration of Oleophobol ZSR®. Practical implications Moisture management is one of the crucial performance criteria in today’s apparel industry. Therefore, fluorochemicals are one of the major precursors used in water-repellent finishes and waterproof membranes in outdoor garments. Based on this fact, this research work focused on the textile sector, where moisture management is required. Originality/value This is the first report about the combined application of waterborne polyurethane and fluorochemical-based finishes on acrylic fabrics to tune their comfort and hydrophobic properties.

scholarly journals A bibliometric approach to quantitatively assess current research trends in 5G security

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Najmul Islam Farooqui ◽  
Junaid Arshad ◽  
Muhammad Mubashir Khan
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Research Trends ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Art Research ◽  
5G Security

PurposeAlongside the remarkable evolution of cellular communication to 5G networks, significant security and privacy challenges have risen which can affect the widespread adoption of advanced communication technologies. In this context, the purpose of this paper is to examine research within security and privacy for 5G-based systems highlighting contributions made by the research community and identify research trends within different subdomains of 5G security where open issues still exist.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses a bibliographic approach to review the state-of-the-art in the field of 5G security and is the pioneering effort to investigate 5G security research using this methodology. Specifically, the paper presents a quantitative description of the existing contributions in terms of authors, organizations, and countries. It then presents detailed keyword and co-citation analysis that shows the quantity and pattern of research work in different subfields. Finally, 5G security areas are identified having open challenges for future research work.FindingsThe study shows that China leads the world in terms of published research in the field of 5G security with USA and India ranked second and third respectively. Xidian University, China is ranked highest for number of publications and h-index followed by University Oulu and AALTO University Finland. IEEE Access, Sensors and IEEE Internet of Things Journal are the top publication venues in the field of 5G security. Using VOSViewer aided analysis with respect to productivity, research areas and keywords, the authors have identified research trends in 5G security among scientific community whilst highlighting specific challenges which require further efforts.Originality/valueExisting studies have focused on surveys covering state-of-the art research in secure 5G network (Zhang et al. 2019), physical layer security (Wu et al., 2018), security and privacy of 5G technologies (Khan et al., 2020) and security and privacy challenges when 5G is used in IoT (Sicari et al. 2020). However, our research has revealed no existing bibliometric studies in this area and therefore, to our best knowledge, this paper represents pioneering such effort for security within 5G.

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