The diagnostic boundary between autism spectrum disorder, intellectual developmental disorder and schizophrenia spectrum disorders

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 243-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco O. Bertelli ◽  
Micaela Piva Merli ◽  
Elspeth Bradley ◽  
Roberto Keller ◽  
Niccolò Varrucciu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Developmental Disorder ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Intellectual Developmental Disorder

Purpose – During the last few years the prevalence of autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has increased greatly. A recurring issue is the overlap and boundaries between Intellectual Developmental Disorder (IDD), ASD and Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD). In clinical practice with people with IDD, the alternative or adjunctive diagnosis of ASD or SSD is particularly challenging. The purpose of this paper is to define the boundaries and overlapping clinical characteristics of IDD, ASD and SSD; highlight the most relevant differences in clinical presentation; and provide a clinical framework within which to recognize the impact of IDD and ASD in the diagnosis of SSD. Design/methodology/approach – A systematic mapping of the international literature was conducted on the basis of the following questions: first, what are considered to be core and overlapping aspects of IDD, ASD and SSD; second, what are the main issues in clinical practice; and third, can key diagnostic flags be identified to assist in differentiating between the three diagnostic categories? Findings – Crucial clinical aspects for the differentiation resulted to be age of onset, interest towards others, main positive symptoms, and anatomical anomalies of the central nervous system. More robust diagnostic criteria and semeiological references are desirable. Originality/value – The present literature mapping provides a comprehensive description of the most relevant differences in the clinical presentation of ASD and SSD in persons with IDD.

scholarly journals Disturbances of Shared Intentionality in Schizophrenia and Autism

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Salice ◽  
Mads Gram Henriksen
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Complex Spectrum ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Mind Reading ◽  
Shared Intentionality ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Severe Autism

Schizophrenia and autism are today considered complex spectrum disorders characterized by difficulties in social behavior. Drawing on recent advances in collective or shared intentionality studies, we present a novel theoretical approach to these social difficulties by exploring them from the angle of shared intentionality. We begin by describing two forms of shared intentionality: joint intentionality and we-intentionality. Joint intentionality crucially relies on the agents' mentalizing abilities such as mind reading and the ability to factor in (or “to be moved” by) their partner's intentions in deliberation and action planning. By contrast, we-intentionality relies on the agents' capacity to understand themselves as group members and to adopt the group's perspective. In schizophrenia spectrum disorders, we propose that joint intentionality remains unaffected, but we-intentionality may be impaired. In severe autism spectrum disorder (i.e., infantile autism), we propose that both forms of shared intentionality are impaired. We suggest that the source of the problems affecting we-intentionality in schizophrenia spectrum disorders lies primarily in trait-like, anomalous self-experiences. In severe autism spectrum disorder, we suggest that problems with mind reading, the ability to “be moved” by others' intentions, and with the capacity for perspective-taking impede both forms of shared intentionality.

Development of a suspicion index for secondary schizophrenia using the Delphi method

2021 ◽  
pp. 000486742110257
Author(s):  
Olivier Bonnot ◽  
Jose Luis Insua ◽  
Mark Walterfang ◽  
Juan Vincente Torres ◽  
Stefan Armin Kolb
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Delphi Method ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Differential Distribution ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Aids Diagnosis ◽  
Suspicion Index

Aim: The aim of this study was to develop a suspicion index that aids diagnosis of secondary schizophrenia spectrum disorders in regular clinical practice. Method: We used the Delphi method to rate and refine questionnaire items in consecutive rounds. Differences in mean expert responses for schizophrenia spectrum disorders and secondary schizophrenia spectrum disorders populations allowed to define low/middle/high predictive items, which received different weights. Algorithm performance was tested in 198 disease profiles by means of sensitivity and specificity. Results: Twelve experts completed the Delphi process, and consensus was reached in 19/24 (79.2%) items for schizophrenia spectrum disorders and 17/24 (70.8%) for secondary schizophrenia spectrum disorders. We assigned rounded values to each item category according to their predictive potential. A differential distribution of scores was observed between schizophrenia spectrum disorders and secondary schizophrenia spectrum disorders when applying the suspicion index for validation to 198 disease profiles. Sensitivity and specificity analyses allowed to set a >8/10/16 risk prediction score as a threshold to consider medium/high/very high suspicion of secondary schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Conclusion: Our final outcome was the Secondary Schizophrenia Suspicion Index, the first paper-based and reliable algorithm to discriminate secondary schizophrenia spectrum disorders from schizophrenia spectrum disorders with the potential to help improve the detection of secondary schizophrenia spectrum disorder cases in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Re-directing Climate Change and Terrorism by Allying Classical with Quantum Neural Computing

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Antonio Cassella
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Shared Knowledge ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Neural Computing ◽  
Shared Beliefs ◽  
Quantum Capacity ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
The Social ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Before the turn of the 21st century, terrorism and climate change may cause the breakdown of civilization. The cause of this advancing upheaval is the disparity between scientific ascent and social descent. This paper explores the social values hidden in sacred texts and artistic masterpieces through a debatable view of an impaired capacity for renewing familiar reality in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), as well as an impaired ability to preserve shared beliefs in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD). The author posits that we will overcome the challenges unleashed by fundamentalism and global warming if we bolster the alliance of a) our quantum capacity for renovating shared knowledge with our classical ability to preserve it and of b) our appreciation of beauty with a humanistic use of science.

scholarly journals CONTRIBUTION AND IMPLICATION OF THEORY OF MIND: NEUROTYPICAL CHILDREN VS CHILDREN ON THE AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER

TEME ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Dimić ◽  
Miroslav Ž. Krstić
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Empirical Knowledge ◽  
Autistic Spectrum ◽  
Development Level ◽  
Demographic Traits ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Individual Evaluation

The aim of the paper is to get acquainted with theoretical and empirical knowledge about the theory of mind in children of neurotypical development and children from the autistic spectrum disorders, to get informed with the stages and levels of development of theory of mind and differences in the theory of mind of children of neurotypical development and children with autistic spectrum disorders.The paper will also tackle the influence of social environment and demographic traits of children on the theory of mind.The practical contribution of this paper reflects in the adaptation of the instruments used to evaluate the theory of mind. Since the obvious lack of such research instruments in Serbian, the next steps would entail its standardization since the instrument can also be used for individual evaluation of the development level of both neurotypical and autistic children. Furthermore, the practical contribution of the study is expressed through the insight it provides in the profile of the theory of mind in children on the autism spectrum, which in clinical practice helps to distinguish this group of disorders with its particularities and to guide the psychological and defectological treatment and advisory work with parents in order to improve the children’s socio-cognitive functions.

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