Exploring a suitable model of destination image

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1287-1307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunduk Jeong ◽  
Sukkyu Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Destination Image ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Behavioral Loyalty ◽  
Attitudinal Loyalty ◽  
Tourist Satisfaction ◽  
Sporting Event

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the structural relationships between destination image, tourist satisfaction, attitudinal loyalty and behavioral loyalty, with an emphasis on the mediating effect of tourist satisfaction on the relation between destination image and loyalty in the context of a small-scale recurring sporting event held in Asia. Design/methodology/approach Validity and reliability of the measurement scale were proved through a confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach’s α analyses and correlation analyses. A structural equation modeling test with maximum likelihood estimation was conducted to test the relationships among the research variables using 440 participants. Findings The results revealed destination image had a direct influence on tourist satisfaction, attitudinal loyalty and behavioral loyalty, and that tourist satisfaction had a direct influence on attitudinal loyalty and behavioral loyalty. Moreover, tourist satisfaction was found to partially mediate relationships between destination image and attitudinal loyalty, and between destination image and behavioral loyalty. Practical implications First, destination marketers and organizers of a small event should provide tourists with an international or domestic newsletter of the small event. Second, destination marketers should place well-educated employees at popular hotels and restaurants and the event organizers should arrange that trained volunteers be positioned at stadiums, to enable tourists to find the locations of interest, which would help develop a positive image of the destination. Third, marketers and organizers should actively use social media to improve destination images and promote sporting events. Originality/value The authors offer a new perspective of tourist satisfaction as a mediating effect. Existing studies show tourist satisfaction fully mediates on the relation between destination image and loyalty, but the present study shows tourist satisfaction partially mediates this relation. In this respect, the term “sporting event” should be regarded important when attempting to understand tourist psychology and behavior because the level of tourist satisfaction can be affected by a term like “sporting event” in the mediating effect context.

A study of event quality, destination image, perceived value, tourist satisfaction, and destination loyalty among sport tourists

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 940-960
Author(s):  
Yunduk Jeong ◽  
Sukkyu Kim
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Value ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Destination Image ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Destination Loyalty ◽  
Tourist Satisfaction ◽  
Structural Relationships

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore structural relationships between quality, destination image, perceived value, tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty with emphasis on the mediating effect of tourist satisfaction on relations between destination image and destination loyalty, and between perceived value and destination loyalty in the context of small-scale sporting events. Design/methodology/approach Construct validity of the measurement scale was verified by confirmatory factor analysis, factor loadings, average variance extracted, construct reliability and correlation analysis. Reliability of the measurement scale was verified by Cronbach’s α analysis. A structural equation modeling test with maximum likelihood estimation was used to test structural relationships between variables in the proposed model using the responses of 311 participants. Findings Results showed significant and powerful impacts of: event quality, destination image and perceived value on tourist satisfaction; destination image, perceived value, and tourist satisfaction on destination loyalty and demonstrated; and tourist satisfaction fully mediates relationships between destination image and destination loyalty, and between perceived value and destination loyalty. Originality/value The study shows: it is meaningful to include quality and value in tourism destination image-satisfaction-loyalty models; provides empirical evidence that tourist satisfaction fully mediates the relation between perceived value and destination loyalty; and confirms small-scale as well as large-scale sporting events should be viewed as important aspects of marketing strategies aimed at improving quality, image, value, satisfaction and loyalty.

Customer loyalty in Sabah full service restaurant

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1407-1429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phang Grace Ing ◽  
Ng Zheng Lin ◽  
Ming Xu ◽  
Ramayah Thurasamy
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Behavioral Loyalty ◽  
Attitudinal Loyalty ◽  
Price Perception ◽  
Customer Expectations ◽  
Price Consciousness

Purpose Loyal customers are committed to repeat patronage, make business referrals and provide publicity for the business. However, rising customer expectations and price consciousness, advancement of technology, lack of product differentiation and consumer choices have posted more challenges for customer retention. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between transaction specific characteristics (i.e. food quality, service quality, atmosphere, convenience and price perception), customer satisfaction and customer loyalty (behavioral and attitudinal loyalties) in the context of Sabah full-service restaurant. The mediating effect of customer satisfaction and moderating effect of customer innovativeness were also tested. Design/methodology/approach A total of 225 valid questionnaires was collected via purposive sampling method and analyzed using Smart-PLS software 3.0. Findings All transaction specific characteristics have positive influences on customer satisfaction with price perception as the strongest predictor. Satisfaction had stronger effect on behavioral loyalty as compared to attitudinal loyalty. The mediating effects of customer satisfaction were only found in some of the relationships. None of the moderating effects of customer innovativeness was significant. Originality/value Utilizing the value-percept theory and transaction specific model which combine the evaluations of service and product elements of the full-service restaurant, this study contributed to the better understanding of the relationships between transaction specific characteristics, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. The examination of both attitudinal and behavioral loyalties provided valuable insights to practitioners and researchers in understanding full-service restaurant consumers’ repatronage intention, intention to spread positive words-of-mouth (WoM) and commitment.

Korean MLB players: the effects of motives and identification on fan loyalty

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyu-soo Chung ◽  
Christopher Brown ◽  
Jennifer Willett
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Team Identification ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Behavioral Loyalty ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Baseball Fans

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors that motivate Korean baseball fans to support Korean Major League Baseball (MLB) players and to identify the effects of the motivations on identification and behavioral loyalty. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire at three Korean universities. A model was designed to see which three motivations (commitment to Korean baseball, interests in MLB and ethnic identity) affect loyalty behaviors to support Korean MLB players. In the model, the mediating effect of player identification is set to the relation between the three motivations and behavioral loyalty. The moderating effect of team identification is also set to the relation between player identification and behavioral loyalty. Collected data (n=294) were first analyzed via confirmatory factor analysis to ascertain the factor structure of the study model. Then, the study performed a structural equation modeling which finds the magnitude and significance of each causal path among designed factors. Findings All the effects were found to be significantly positive except team identification whose moderating effect was not significant. Interests in MLB had the greatest impact on the fan’s player identification followed by commitment to the Korean baseball league and their ethnic identity. It was also found that the influence of player identification was positive on behavioral loyalty. Originality/value This work can help MLB expand their fan base internationally, especially in Asian countries.

Egypt’s perceived destination image and its impact on tourist’s future behavioural intentions

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 449-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hany Ragab ◽  
Abeer A. Mahrous ◽  
Ahmed Ghoneim
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Destination Image ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tourist Satisfaction ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽  
Global Tourism ◽  
Destination Management Organizations ◽  
The Impact

Purpose There is a substantial body of the literature on the role of destination image in tourist’s future behavior, however, the majority of these studies were conducted in “Sun-and-Sand” destinations, and only a few studies have addressed this research topic in “Historical-and-Cultural” destinations context. The purpose of this paper is to fill this gap by investigating the impact of Egypt’s perceived destination image – as one of the most famous cultural and historical destinations in the global tourism arena – and tourist satisfaction on tourists’ future behavioral intentions. Design/methodology/approach The study adopted a mixed methodology (a combination of survey questionnaire based on a quota sample from 400 tourists, as well as semi-structured interviews with tourists from different nationalities). Data were analyzed using exploratory factor analyses, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. Findings The results related to the impact of the perceived destination image are discussed. Also, some practical implications related to destination management organizations are highlighted. Originality/value The study contributes theoretically and empirically to destination image literature, by improving the understanding of the multi-dimensional nature of destination image and its impact on revisit intention and word-of-mouth recommendation. Also, it helps in guiding Egypt’s destination image management activities to rebuild Egypt’s image as a safe destination for all the world’s travelers.

The relationship between risk aversion, brand trust, brand affect and loyalty

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukesh Kumar Mishra ◽  
Ankit Kesharwani ◽  
Dolly Das
Keyword(s):  
Risk Aversion ◽  
Personal Care Products ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Brand Trust ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Behavioral Loyalty ◽  
Attitudinal Loyalty ◽  
Brand Affect ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship among risk aversion, brand trust, brand affect, attitudinal loyalty and behavioral loyalty for low involvement day-to-day use of personal care products. Design/methodology/approach To achieve the above-stated objective, a theoretical model was tested using structural equation modeling. Before undertaking the analysis, preliminary analysis techniques such as the common method bias social desirability bias reliability and validity analysis were also assessed. Findings The results indicate that, for low involvement products, risk adverse consumers do not purchase a brand based only on trust. Risk aversion is also positively associated with attitudinal loyalty. When it comes to the relationship between brand trust and brand affect, it has been concluded that brand trust has had an important impact on brand affect. In this study, it has been found that attitudinal loyalty has a positive and strong impact on behavioral loyalty. This paper explains that due to the lack of trust, certain risk adverse customers are sticking with a particular brand. Originality/value Most of the brand loyalty research has been performed on high involvement products, whereas very limited research is available on low involvement day-to-day use products (i.e. personal care products), in particular where the consumption period of the product is less than a month. This kind of research is very rare, and this study has been done to fill this gap using rigorous data analysis.

Consumers’ beliefs, attitudes, and loyalty in purchasing organic foods

2014 ◽  
Vol 116 (6) ◽  
pp. 918-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun-Joo Lee ◽  
Cynthia Goudeau
Keyword(s):  
Organic Food ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Organic Foods ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Behavioral Loyalty ◽  
Attitudinal Loyalty ◽  
Welfare Benefits ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Standard Learning

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to apply the standard learning hierarchy to the study of organic foods. More specifically, this research is intended to examine if cognition in the form of beliefs and utilitarian attitudes, affect in the form of hedonic attitudes, and behavior in the form of attitudinal loyalty and behavioral loyalty occur successively. Design/methodology/approach – A total of 725 consumer panel data were obtained through a web-based survey. A two-stage structural equation modeling with AMOS graphics version 18.0 was used to validate the measurement models and test the proposed hypotheses. Findings – While health benefits positively influenced utilitarian attitudes, no significant effect of ecological welfare benefits was detected. The results also indicate that utilitarian attitudes had a significant and positive relationship with hedonic attitudes, which in turn led to attitudinal loyalty. Lastly, the relation between attitudinal loyalty and behavioral loyalty was significant and positive. Research limitations/implications – Global attitudes and loyalty toward organic foods were examined in this research. Thus, future research could investigate more domain-specific attitudes and loyalty to various organic food items. Practical implications – The development of positive attitudes toward organic foods among consumers is important for the long-term success of organic food products or brands. Originality/value – There is a little research that adopts an established theory or theoretical approach to explain a purchase behavior of organic foods. For this reason, the standard learning hierarchy was incorporated in order to study how cognition, affect, and behavior are formed when a purchase decision involving organic foods.

Mediating effect of tourists’ emotional involvement on the relationship between destination attributes and tourist satisfaction

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chhanda Biswas ◽  
Santus Kumar Deb ◽  
Abdulla Al-Towfiq Hasan ◽  
Md. Shariful Alam Khandakar
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Emotional Involvement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tourist Satisfaction ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe study aims to examine the relationship between destination attributes and tourist satisfaction as well as the extent to which emotional involvement mediates between destination attributes and tourist satisfaction.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from a sample of 600 domestic tourists by using a purposive sampling technique where 382 samples were useable, and the response rate was 63.67%. The structural equation modeling (SmartPLS 3.0.) was used to test the hypothesized relationship among variables.FindingsAmong the 16 hypothesized paths, 13 were supported. Destination attributes (accommodation, attraction, food and beverages and transportation) except safety significantly influence tourist satisfaction; herein accommodation has the greatest effect on tourist satisfaction. Similarly, destination attributes except safety significantly influence tourists’ emotional involvement. This study also reveals that tourists’ emotional involvement partially mediates in the link between destination attributes except for safety and customer satisfaction.Research limitations/implicationsThe results of the study will assist the hospitality researchers and managers to understand the roles of destination attributes and emotional involvement on tourist satisfaction in the tourism industry.Originality/valueThe study is the first to explore the mediating relationship in the link between destination attributes and tourist satisfaction in the tourism industry.

Antecedents of word of mouth in Muslim-friendly tourism marketing: the role of religiosity

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abror Abror ◽  
Dina Patrisia ◽  
Okki Trinanda ◽  
Maznah Wan Omar ◽  
Yunia Wardi
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Word Of Mouth ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Customer Engagement ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Tourist Satisfaction ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to examine the impact of religiosity on Muslim-friendly destination performance, customer engagement and customer satisfaction; the mediating impact of Muslim-friendly destination performance, customer engagement and customer satisfaction on the link between religiosity and word of mouth (WOM); and the moderating impact of religiosity on the relationship between Muslim-friendly tourism, customer engagement and customer satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach The population of this study was all tourists who visited West Sumatra Indonesia. By using a survey through questionnaires, this study has got 393 out of 450 collected responses (83.6%). This research used the structural equation modeling as the data analysis technique. Findings This research found that religiosity is a significant antecedent of Muslim-friendly tourism, customer engagement and tourist satisfaction. This study revealed that Muslim-friendly tourism, customer engagement and tourist satisfaction significantly mediate the link between religiosity and WOM. This research also found that religiosity significantly moderates the effect of Muslim-friendly tourism on tourist satisfaction. Research limitations/implications This study was only conducted in Indonesia; hence, it lacks generality. Accordingly, future studies can expand to several other countries such as Southeast Asian countries which have big Muslim population. This study only focused on Muslim-friendly tourism industry as a whole. For future studies, it can be extended to several related industries, such as hotel, food and beverage and halal cosmetic. Practical implications This study has shown the important of manager knowledge about religiosity of customers. Accordingly, when they want to increase tourists’ WOM, they have to increase tourist perceived quality of Muslim-friendly tourism attributes which also have an impact on customer engagement and tourist satisfaction. Originality/value This study proposes the direct relationship between religiosity and Muslim-friendly tourism, the religiosity-customer engagement link and the religiosity-tourist satisfaction relation. This research has revealed the mediating effect of Muslim-friendly tourism, satisfaction and engagement on the link between religiosity and WOM. This study has also revealed the impact of religiosity in strengthening the link between halal tourism and tourist satisfaction which is limited previously.

The influence of destination image and tourist satisfaction on tourist loyalty: a case study of Chinese tourists in Korea

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weisheng Chiu ◽  
Shiheng Zeng ◽  
Philip Shao-Tung Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Destination Image ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tourist Satisfaction ◽  
Site Survey ◽  
Destination Choices ◽  
Chinese Tourists ◽  
Direct Linkage ◽  
Tourism Organization

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore both the cognitive and affective images and examine the effects of destination image through both aspects on satisfaction levels and tourist loyalty. Design/methodology/approach Data collection was conducted using the convenience sampling method. The on-site survey was carried out with Chinese tourists at the popular tourist sites in Seoul City. Findings The results showed that the cognitive image had a direct influence on the affective image and confirmed the formation process of the destination image. Both cognitive and affective images had positive influences on satisfaction, and in turn, satisfaction predicted tourist loyalty. Moreover, the relationship between destination image and loyalty revealed that the affective image had a direct influence on tourist loyalty. Although the cognitive image showed no direct linkage to tourist loyalty, the authors found that it had an indirect influence on tourist loyalty through affective image and satisfaction. Originality/value The findings of this study provide a better understanding of the process that determines Chinese tourists’ destination choices and loyalty. Moreover, it provides insightful implications for the Korean Government, the Korea Tourism Organization and tourism operators.

Omnichannel strategy and customer loyalty in banking

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emerson Wagner Mainardes ◽  
Carlos Anderson de Moura Rosa ◽  
Silvania Neris Nossa
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Attitudinal Loyalty ◽  
Interaction Quality ◽  
Loyal Customer ◽  
Bank Marketing ◽  
Service Channels

PurposeSupported by the omnichannel strategy, the objective of this study is to identify the influence of integrated interaction quality and perceived fluency of service channels on attitudinal loyalty in the banking sector and to test the mediating effect of positive affect in these relationships.Design/methodology/approachThis paper proposes a model that relates the constructs of integrated interaction quality, perceived fluency, positive affect, and attitudinal loyalty. A survey of 337 Brazilian bank clients was conducted and structural equation modeling was used for data analysis.FindingsThe results indicate that the construct of integrated interaction quality exerts positive influence on the loyalty of bank clients. The direct effect of the construct perceived fluency on loyalty is not significant. The results also demonstrate that positive affect exerts a mediating effect on the proposed relationships between the constructs.Research limitations/implicationsThis research assists banks in identifying relevant points regarding their service channels, so that they can determine how to generate positive experiences and customer loyalty through an omnichannel strategy. One can observe the behavior of banking consumers and develop business strategies based on the service channels, which aim to create a more profitable and loyal customer portfolio.Originality/valueThis study expands the literature regarding the omnichannel strategy by extending focus to include bank marketing, which is infrequently included in the body of such literature. This study also expands bank marketing research by including constructs that deal with consumer experience and loyalty.

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