Kelayakan Usahatani Jagung Pada Lahan Kering Di Kecamatan Pringgabaya Kabupaten Lombok Timur

This study aims to examine the feasibility of corn farming on dry land in Pringgabaya District. Improvements in technology and corn cultivation systems through increasing farmer knowledge are expected to increase productivity which in turn increases farmers' income in corn cultivation in dry land. Research activities are carried out in several stages, including: (i) site survey, identifying problems, and preparing proposals; (ii) data collection, data tabulation, and data analysis; (iii) draw conclusions and recommend the results of the study. The recommendations generated from this research are in the form of information on components and types of corn farming according to location specifications on dry land in Pringgabaya. District. Based on the results of the study, it can be seen that the income earned in corn farming is Rp. 6,137,729 /LLG or Rp. 6.134,871/Ha. And based on the calculation of the R/C ratio of corn farming on dry land in Pringgabaya District, the R/C ratio was 1.9. This shows that corn farming in Pringgabaya District, East Lombok Regency is feasible.

Integrasi Metode Resistivitas, Seismik Refraksi, Geologi Berbasis Geospasial untuk Identifikasi Potensi Longsor di Srimartani, Yogyakarta

Kabupaten Bantul merupakan salah satu kabupaten yang berpotensi terjadi tanah longsor, tepatnya di daerah Srimartani, Kecamatan Piyungan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan data dan informasi mengenai parameter metode geofisika daerah longsor dan mengetahui dugaan zona potensi longsor. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah survei lokasi, akuisisi metode seismik refraksi, akuisisi metode resistivitas, dan pemetaan foto udara (geospasial). Dari penampang bawah permukaan seismik refraksi metode hagiwara didapatkan bahwa lapisan lapuk pada daerah riset berupa soil dan pasir tuffan dikarenakan memiliki sifat permeable dan bidang gelincirnya yang bersifat impermeable. Pada penampang bawah metode seismik refraksi lapisan pertama yaitu soil dengan kecepatan V1 sekitar 313.8 m/s – 461.6 m/s dan lapisan kedua yaitu pasir dengan kecepatan V2 sekitar 459 m/s – 1567 m/s. Sementara penampang bawah permukaan metode resistivitas konfigurasi dipole – dipole didapatkan lapisan lapuk tersebut memiliki nilai resitivitas yang kecil dikarenakan lapisan tersebut bersifat lunak sehingga ada kemungkinan lapisan tersebut dalam kondisi basah. Pada penampang resistivitas memiliki nilai 126 ohm.m hingga lebih dari 301 ohm.m, daerah tersebut diperkirakan terdapat batuan breksi batuapung dari formasi semilir yang diduga sebagai bidang gelincir. Dari segi geologi, daerah penelitian sangat rentan terjadi tanah longsor dikarenakan kondisi lereng searah dengan kondisi struktur regional di daerah penelitian yaitu barat-timur, didukung oleh kondisi batuan yang ada berupa breksi batuapung dan tuff yang sangat rawan terjadi longsor. Dengan adanya penelitian ini, diharapkan dapat menambah pengetahuan mengenai antisipasi masyarakat dalam meminimalisir dampak yang ditimbulkan dari adanya tanah longsor. Bantul Regency is one of the districts that have the potential for landslides to occur, precisely in the Srimartani area, Piyungan District. This research was conducted with the aim of obtaining data and information about the parameters of the geophysical method of landslide areas and knowing the alleged landslide potential zone. The methods used in this research are site survey, seismic refraction acquisition method, resistivity method acquisition, and aerial photography (geospatial) mapping. From the subsurface seismic refraction of the Hagiwara method, it was found that the weathered layer in the research area was soil and sand due to its permeable properties and impermeable slip plane. . In the lower section of the seismic refraction method, the first layer is soil with a V1 velocity of around 313.8 m/s – 461.6 m/s and the second layer is sand with a V2 velocity of about 459 m/s – 1567 m/s. While the subsurface resistivity method of the dipole - dipole configuration found that the weathered layer has a small resistivity value because the layer is soft so there is a possibility that the layer is in a wet conditionIn the cross section resistivity has a value of 126 ohm.m to more than 301 ohm.m, the area is estimated to contain pumice breccia from the breccia formation which is thought to be a slip plane. In terms of geology, the research area is very susceptible to landslides because the slope conditions are in line with the regional structural conditions in the research area, namely west-east, supported by the existing rock conditions in the form of pumice breccia and tuff which are very prone to landslides. With this research, it is hoped that it can increase knowledge about community anticipation in minimizing the impact of landslides.

Exploring the Book of Fortresses

Duarte de Armas’ Livro das fortalezas or Book of Fortresses illustrates 55 border fortresses in over 180 meticulous measured and annotated renderings. The book is even more impressive given that de Armas completed his on-site survey in a single year (1509) and finished annotating the book the following year. The book’s drawings, alluring in their combination of finite time and enormous space, are difficult to link together at an intra-site or inter-site scale. Consequently, while mapping the 55 border fortresses in the book provides a greater apprehension of a historical, liminal space, this alone does not solve the greater problem of reconstructing de Armas’ methods for rendering place on the Portuguese-Castilian border, nor does it acknowledge the historical moment in which it was produced. This article reconstructs the world of the Book of Fortresses through a novel, digital approach that acknowledges Duarte de Armas’ malleable sense of space rather than ‘rectifying’ his work to match modern geography.

Using Active and Passive Near-Field Hydrophones to Image the Near-Surface in Ultra-Shallow Waters Offshore Abu Dhabi

Seismic surveys are generally designed to image deep reservoirs, which leaves the near-surface woefully under-sampled. This is particularly a challenge offshore Abu Dhabi, where a complex near-surface – with karstic collapses and meandering channels – contaminates the seismic image with strong footprints. To mitigate these effects, we use near-field hydrophone data, primarily designed to QC the airgun source, for near-surface imaging. Near-field hydrophones (NFH) are positioned about a meter above each airgun and are designed to record the source near-field pressure. They immediately capture dysfunctional or out-of-spec guns, which alerts the recording crew. Yet, in a shallow water environment, they unintentionally record seismic reflections from the near-surface, which we will use for seismic imaging. Streamer vessels usually use two source arrays, 50 meters apart, which shoot in a flip-flop mode. The active NFH refer to the recordings directly above the shooting guns, while the passive NFH refer to the recordings from the array that is not shooting. Because the passive NFH are less contaminated by the source near-field, they are typically the preferred choice for near-surface imaging. Waters are too shallow in offshore Abu Dhabi to use streamer vessels. Instead, seismic surveys involve ocean-bottom cables (OBC) or nodes (OBN) and smaller airgun arrays. The shooting vessels can be single-source or dual-source. While a single source vessel has only active NFH, a dual source vessel has both active and passive NFH. However, even if a dual-source vessel is used, the 50 m distance between the shooting source array and the passive NFH is too large to capture the water-bottom reflection for water-depths shallower than 25 m. For these reasons, we propose to combine both measurements, using active NFH for the very shallow section and passive NFH for the deeper section. We have applied this technique to a recent node survey acquired offshore Abu Dhabi. By combining the active and passive NFH, a very high-resolution shallow image was obtained, which allows the interpretation of geological layers just below the water bottom. Comparisons with high resolution 2D site survey images show good agreement. Given the NFH do not require any additional acquisition and are delivered as a byproduct of standard seismic surveys, we have demonstrated that proper use of NFH can provide high quality images for pre-site survey interpretation, which reduces the need for additional – and expensive – geotechnical surveys. This is the first published use of combined active and passive NFH in Abu Dhabi shallow waters for the purpose of imaging. The resolution of the shallow formation images allows detailed interpretation not achievable using conventional seismic data. In the long term, this technique may reduce the need for additional site survey acquisitions.

In-Line Inspection of Offshore Non-Piggable and Challenging 30" Subsea Flare Line

The objective of the paper is to present the success story of carrying out an in-line inspection (ILI) on a 50 years old offshore subsea flare line. The project was particularly challenging because the 30" flare line had no pigging facilities, a reducer, a subsea tie-in connection, as well as other restrictions. The paper shall outline the approach and methodology adopted to conduct the inspection in a safe and successful manner while adhering to the company and government health, safety, and environmental regulations and meeting the shutdown window. The 1 km long 30" flare line runs from a collector-separator platform to a flare tower. A site survey was conducted to identify process, space, and rigging related requirements. The shutdown window was allotted and fixed by the production teams. The line was first flushed to remove the hydrocarbons using a pumping spread mounted on a support vessel. This was followed by various modification works in addition to rigging up the temporary pigging traps. The works enlisted the help of support vessels and scaffolding teams. Extra controls were implemented due to the low maximum allowable operating pressure and the dirty pigging water in order to safeguard the property and environment. Eventually, 22 cleaning pigs were launched a in a train fashion. An Ultrasonic (UT) ILI tool was then used to gather information on the pipeline. Finally, the pipeline was dried using foam pigs. The operation was a success mainly because of the planning factor. Many activities were integrated including the availability of a maintenance barge which played a huge role in the operation. This was the first pigging operation on the flare line which was commissioned in 1971 - a total of 185 kg of debris was collected. Moreover, the UT inspection provided quantitative data which enabled an accurate assessment of the subsea pipeline integrity status. It is estimated that USD 4 million were saved by completing the works mainly through efficient planning and utilization of in-house available resources. The inspection results will form a cornerstone in development of future asset replacement plans for this category of flare lines. The success has created potential savings for another 21 challenging flare lines planned to be inspected for the next 5 years. The approach highlights the steps taken to conduct the quantitative ILI of an aged flare line (50 years old), with various inherent challenges, to explore the possibility of accurately inspecting and extending the remnant life of aged assets that are un-piggable, in a safe and environmentally friendly manner. Thus, resulting in positive impacts in savings and further optimizations in the asset replacement plans

Experimental and numerical study of the behavior of a stone column subject to the loading effect

The realization of engineering structures in compressible sites, requires in-depth geotechnical reconnaissance, as well as a study of the mechanical behavior of the soil, in order to adapt suitable soil improvement solutions. This is the case with the Annaba viaduct in Algeria, where it was found during the site survey that the soil is poor and very compressible. The foundations in these soils eventually pose the problem of their low bearing capacity and significant settlement. This, therefore, leads to the choice of reinforcement techniques. Among the many methods of improving soils, we have selected the stone column technique. The object of our article is to study the behavior of these columns, in terms of settlement and, through the loading tests on real site, we have found out that the intermediate columns are stiffer and more confined than the bank columns and the percentage reduction in settlements of these two types is important. Then, this experimental study is validated by the Plaxis 2D software, where the configurations are studied to find the best model that approximates the real behavior of the reinforced soil.

SAINT NICHOLAS CHURCH IN UNEZHMA VILLAGE: HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE

The article deals with a relatively unknown monument of wooden architecture – the Saint Nicholas Church (1824) in Unezhma village of the Onega District in the Arkhangelsk Region. The monument is extremely hard to reach, and it is located in a unique natural environment. The church stands out due to its architecture; however, it is poorly studied in terms of its construction history, architectural and artistic features, and interconnections with regional traditions. The church is described together with the bell tower built in 1792 as an architectural complex existing for more than four hundred years. The study is based on historical archival sources and on-site survey results. The authors traced the construction history of the Saint Nicholas Church and identified its construction stages. The appearance of the building at each construction stage was substantiated and presented through graphical reconstructions. The building was compared to similar structures found in the Onega Pomorye, and its specific architectural features were exposed. The building was also studied from the structural point of view. Based on the results of the comparison with similar structures and the analysis of their historical changes, the author made some conclusions about the original design of the church top. Historical data on the preceding church were interpreted and used to create its graphical reconstruction, together with the analysis of local architectural traditions. Thus, the article brings to light the construction history and development of the Unezhma church complex. The architecture of the Saint Nicholas Church and the bell tower has its distinctive features, but it ultimately conforms to the church-building traditions of the Onega Pomorye.

O-P08 Optimising design of national collaborative studies in surgery: national availability of electronic data in the NHS

Background Clinical trials are constrained in part by cost and limited funding opportunities. Trainee-led collaborative, multi-centre research models have become increasingly popular, enabling clinicians to undertake impactful national and international practice-changing studies with limited funding. However, ensuring equitable and efficient data collection from participating centres requires understanding data accessibility. Here, we reflect upon our strategies in designing and delivering collaborative research (The RICOCHET Study). Specifically, we consider the availability of data sources for UK hospitals, to enable effective design of study case report forms to ensure study success. Methods RICOCHET was a National trainee-led audit of UK hospitals treating patients with pancreatic cancer. All registered hospitals were asked to complete a site-survey at point of registration. The site survey was completed by the lead consultant (surgeon or gastroenterologist) or the lead trainee at each site. The site-survey detailed hospital demographics, including size, availability of services and availability of patient data electronically. The survey was completed online via REDCap. Sites lacking full reporting were excluded from the analyses. Results 98 UK sites registered for RICOCHET, and 94 completed the site-survey (26 specialist pancreatic sites; 68 non-specialist sites). 100% sites had electronic radiology reports. However, electronic ward-round notes were available at only 19% (5/26, 19.2% specialist vs. 13/68, 19.1% non-specialist; p = 0.99). Furthermore, sources such as external letters were low (29%; 11/26 42.3% specialist vs. 16/68, 23.5% non-specialist; p = 0.072). Although electronic interventional radiology reports were broadly available at 79% sites, this was significantly lower at non-specialist sites (49/68 72.1% vs. 25/26 96.2%; p = 0.011). Conclusions Availability of electronic data is not consistent across sites managing pancreatic cancer patients. Significant disparity exists between specialist and non-specialist centres, highlighted by lack of availability of interventional radiology reports. To ensure success in trainee-led cohort studies we recommend designing concise case report forms that can be easily completed from electronic data sources. Until this report, there was no data available for the availability of electronic data across the NHS. This represents the most comprehensive report of such data sources, and will guide future study design of national studies at both specialist and non-specialist pancreatic centres in the UK.

Saint Nicholas Church in the pomor settlement of Maloshuyka — the oldest tent roof temple of the octagon-on-quadrangle type. History and architecture

Introduction. The Saint Nicholas Church in Maloshuyka, dated 1638, is notable for being one of the earliest known examples of a widely spread type of wooden temple. Despite its historical and cultural significance, this object remains largely unstudied. To better understand the development of Russian wooden church construction and set up a typology, it is necessary to consider the Saint Nicholas Church in the context of all-Russian church building traditions of the 17th century. A monument of such significance needs to have its own place in the history of Russian wooden architecture. Materials and methods. The study was based on historical archival documents and on-site survey results. We considered the monument together with the history of the settlement and the entire region. A joint historical and architectural approach was used to study the object. The object was compared with its equivalents via comparative typological analysis. In order to identify individual and typical features in the Saint Nicholas Church architecture, typologically similar objects were reviewed chronologically and geographically. Results. New historical sources were introduced into the scientific discourse. Construction history and periodization of the Saint Nicholas Church were identified. We determined changes in appearance at each construction stages, and described architectural, artistic and stylistic descriptions of the object at each construction stage. The object was compared with similar objects, and characteristic features of this type of church at the early stages of its evolution were identified. They were expressed in general dimensions, proportions, and decorative finish. Regional typical features and all-Russian features were singled out. The place of the object in the Russian history of wooden architecture was defined. Conclusions. The Saint Nicholas Church is a unique monument of Russian wooden architecture. Being the oldest tent roof wooden temple of octagon-on-quadrangle type, this object reflects the earliest development stages of this architectural type. The Saint Nicholas Church has certain local architectural features, but it generally conforms to the all-Russian architectural traditions of the 17h century.