Attribution theory and the glass ceiling: Career development among federal employees

Author(s):  
Dennis M. Daley
2022 ◽  
pp. 1963-1979
Author(s):  
Todd M. Inouye ◽  
Jeffrey A. Robinson ◽  
Amol M. Joshi

Glass ceilings are invisible organizational barriers encountered by underrepresented groups in large hierarchies. This chapter empirically investigates the existence and characteristics of an internal, government-wide glass ceiling for female employees using aggregate pay grade and demographic data on nearly 1.5 million U.S. Federal employees between 2001-2011. The external consequences for over 15,000 technology ventures seeking R&D funding from 12 federal agencies is explored. In this context, the researchers analyze over 50,000 grants and find that a unit increase in a novel, government-wide, glass ceiling measure is a meaningful and negative predictor of subsequent Phase II funding outcomes for Phase I grantees. More importantly, the negative external effects of the identified glass ceilings are significantly larger for women technology entrepreneurs when compared to their male counterparts.


Pravaha ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Indira Shrestha

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of the glass ceiling (GC) on women’s career development (WCD)in Nepalese commercial banks. One hundred and forty-four women branch managers working in different branches were taken as the sample. The study used a survey questionnaire (17 items) derived from women workplace culture questionnaire (WWC) (Bergman and Hallberg,2002) for measuring glass ceiling, used as an independent variable in the study. Additionally, a career satisfaction questionnaire developed by (Greenhaus, Parasuraman, and Wormley1990) was used to measure WCD (dependent variable).The statistical tools like Pearson correlation and regression analysis were applied to find the result of quantitative data. The result revealed that there is an existence of GC in commercial banks in Nepal and the negative relationship between GC and the WCD along with the impact of the corporate climate on the WCD. Some limitations of the study have been found and implications and recommendation for the future researchers are also discussed.


Author(s):  
Lourdes Dilakshini Victor ◽  
Faizal Antanat Shamila

In Sri Lanka even though women represent more than half of the population, their labour force participation rate is less than men. Men's participation in the labour force is twice as women's. In recent years women and gender issues have become a major area of concern. Even seminars, workshops and conferences are being held over the world to discuss women issues and women advancement in all spheres of life, still it exists the barriers for women career development. This study was entirely design by centering the focal problem of impact of glass ceiling on career development. This study also attempts to identify the contribution factors which create the glass ceiling effect on women career development. The study was conducted to find out the impact of glass ceiling on women career development of executive level female employees in Financial Sector in Kandy district and hypotheses were developed to find out whether there is a significant impact of individual, family, organisational and cultural factors on women career development. The data were collected from 144 executive level female respondents out of 157 executive level female employees in Financial Sector at Kandy district with a structured questionnaire. For presenting and analysing the data both descriptive and inferential statistics were used through SPSS 19.0 version and the results were derived. The major finding of this study revealed that the glass ceiling and women career development has small negative relationship and individual, family and cultural factors have a significant impact on women career development while organisational factors have an insignificant impact on women career development. Further, in this study Adjusted R2 of women career development is 0646. It is explained that 64.6% of women career development is explained by glass ceiling. The conclusion was finally made that there are significant impact of the glass ceiling on women career development of executive level female employees in the financial sector at Kandy district.


2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-18
Author(s):  
Sarin Sajan Itty ◽  
Jose Rafael Garcia ◽  
Calvin Futterman ◽  
Sofia Garcia Aust ◽  
Bahaudin G. Mujtaba

With the evolving nature of the business world, it has become a modern necessity to have a diverse workforce. As such, human resources professionals and managers must be prepared for the redesign of their organizations to be more inclusive throughout their formal hierarchies. Although the overall attitudes have become generally more feminist, the unfortunate reality is that women continue to face internal and external barriers which act as a ceiling to their career development and advancement. Rather than viewing the paucity of women in management positions as a problem because of public disdain towards gender disparities within the workplace, this paper emphasizes that organizations should view this as an opportunity to gain a competitive advantage, given that having more women in leadership positions is correlated to improved organizational performance. The main argument of this research is that gender diversity can lead to better outcomes for an organization; in addition to this, research demonstrates that the inclusion of more women within management positions may also encourage a transformational leadership style, which could potentially lead to sustainable growth for a company. Throughout this paper, using the methodology of reviewing recently published literature, this paper demonstrates the fact that the glass ceiling is detrimental to the economic development of both women and the companies as institutional barriers seem to persistently block them from equitable advancement opportunities. Using published data and expert analysis, we provide suggestions and recommendations for the creation of an inclusive work environment where all employees can have fair and transparent progress based on their goals and qualifications. The “glass ceiling” literature has empirically demonstrated that managers can reduce the negative gender-based stereotypes by empowering more qualified women to take on leadership responsibilities. At the meantime, professionals can serve as advocates in their local governments to create and change laws that are unfair and unjust. All local leaders, managers and employees must promote the benefits of diversity to build and encourage inclusion in the workplace. Furthermore, all organizations can improve their inclusion training so their employees can keep an open mind regarding diversity. With the application of the recommended skills and suggestions, coupled along with public awareness and advocacy for equity in hiring and promotion decisions, the “glass ceiling” can certainly be eliminated in all organizational settings. Keywords: glass ceiling, discrimination, wage gap, inclusion, gender equality, mentoring, and career development.


2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-110
Author(s):  
Bijay Lama

 Although the number of working Nepali women is in the increasing trend, there is lack of data indicating exact number of Nepali women involved in managerial jobs. The general purpose of the study is to find out the effect of glass ceiling on women career development in banks operating in Pokhara Metropolitan City. The dependent variable is career progression refers, employee interested in advancing or achieving their career. Hypotheses indicate that there are significant impact of personal, organizational and societal barrier on women career development. The population which has been selected for the study was female employees working at lower, middle and higher levels of selected commercial banks, development banks and finance companies. The female employees have been selected for this survey and sample size of this study was 99. This research study relied upon the survey method for collection of data. The Cronbach’s alpha test was conducted for reliability which resulted 0.727 that define data are closest to reality. The study found that among the glass ceiling’s factors most influencing factor is societal barrier. Hence, female employee must have to work in order to avoid the societal barriers. Difficulty in maintaining family and job responsibilities; and lack of family support results women employees not to accept higher post. It is suggested to the financial institutions to conduct activities that focus on maintaining balance between work and family life.


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