Examining the intellectual capital web reporting by Spanish universities

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 775-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda Ramirez ◽  
Elena Merino ◽  
Montserrat Manzaneque
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Spanish Universities ◽  
Spanish Public Universities

Purpose The purpose of this paper is threefold: first, to know the views of university stakeholders concerning intellectual capital (IC) reporting; second, to examine the quality of voluntary IC disclosure by public Spanish universities on their websites; and third, to analyze some of the potential factors affecting this kind of disclosure. Design/methodology/approach The paper applies a content analysis and a survey. The content analysis was used to analyze the websites of 50 public Spanish universities in the year 2016, while the survey was submitted to all members of the Social Councils of Spanish public universities. Also, a regression analysis (ordinary least square model) is conducted to relate the disclosure index to its determinants. Findings The results of this study show that human capital was the most disclosed category with relational capital being the least frequently disclosed. However, the quality of structural capital disclosures was higher than relational and human capital. Moreover, the results show that size and university’s internationality affect IC disclosure in Spanish public universities. Practical implications This paper stimulates the debate between universities and policy-makers concerning the benefits related to IC reporting as a tool for addressing different stakeholders’ needs. In order to satisfy the information needs of university stakeholders, Spanish universities can be recommended to focus on reporting higher quality information on financial relations, students’ satisfaction, quality standard, work-related knowledge/know-how and collaboration between universities and other organizations such as firms, local government and society as a whole. Originality/value This research brings new expertise regarding IC disclosure in higher education and to reveal some of the possible determinants to improve this disclosure.

Digital transparency and public accountability in Spanish universities in online media

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 701-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda Ramírez ◽  
Ángel Tejada
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
Relational Capital ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Spanish Universities ◽  
Spanish Public Universities

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the extent and quality of online intellectual capital (IC) disclosure released via websites and social media in relation to university stakeholders’ information needs in Spanish public universities. In addition, this paper examines whether there are differences in the online IC disclosure according to the type of university. Design/methodology/approach The study applies content analysis and a survey. The content analysis was used to analyse the websites and social media (Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn and Instagram) of all Spanish public universities in the year 2019, whereas the survey was submitted to all members of the Social Councils of Spanish public universities. Findings The findings indicate that university stakeholders attach great importance to online disclosure of specific information about IC. However, the findings emphasise that Spanish universities’ website and social media content are still in their infancy. Specifically, this study found that the quality of disclosed information on IC in public universities’ websites is of low level, particularly with regard to the disclosure of relational capital. The study found that the information provided by Spanish public universities via social media mainly concerns the structural and relational capital. Likewise, the results of this paper evidence that the larger and more internationally focused universities reveal more online information on IC. Practical implications The results of the research may be beneficial for managers of higher education institutions as a basis for developing adequate strategies addressing IC disclosure through the websites. In order to satisfy the information needs of university stakeholders, Spanish universities can be recommended to focus on reporting higher-quality information on financial relations, students’ satisfaction, quality standard, work-related knowledge/know-how and collaboration between universities and other organisations such as firms, local government and society as a whole. Originality/value This study explores two innovative tools to provide IC disclosure in the higher education institutions context, namely, websites and social media, whereas previous studies focused on traditional tools as annual report. Likewise, this study considers the quality of this information.

The Inadequate Information Model of Spanish Universities: The Relevance of Intellectual Capital Disclosure

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (03) ◽  
pp. 1350022
Author(s):  
Yolanda Ramírez Córcoles
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Information Model ◽  
Current Accounting ◽  
Inadequate Information ◽  
The Social ◽  
Spanish Universities ◽  
Spanish Public Universities

The main aim of this study is to demonstrate how important it is for Spanish public universities to provide information on their intellectual capital in order to satisfy their users' information needs. To this end, we analysed the opinion held by the members of the Social Councils regarding the need for Spanish public universities to publish information on their intellectual capital when presenting economic, financial and budgetary information. The results of this research show extensive criticism of the current accounting information model used by public universities in Spain. They also demonstrate a widespread interest in universities including information on their intellectual capital with a view to increasing the relevance of the current university financial statements.

The contributing factors of intellectual capital disclosures in agriculture and mining sectors of Indonesia and Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saarce Elsye Hatane ◽  
Josua Tarigan ◽  
Elenne Stefanie Kuanda ◽  
Elizabeth Cornelius
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Minority Shareholders ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting

Purpose This study aims to examine the factors affecting intellectual capital disclosure (ICD), especially in the agriculture and mining sectors in Indonesia and Thailand. Additionally, this study discusses the difference in ICD levels between Indonesia and Thailand. Design/methodology/approach The sample used is companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and Stock Exchange of Thailand from 2013 to 2017. The method used is a content analysis of 380 annual reports (150 from Thailand and 230 from Indonesia). This study uses a panel regression model. Variables tested are firm size, market shares, minority shareholders, profitability, leverage and the focus on ICD components such as human capital disclosure, structural capital disclosure and relational capital disclosure. Findings IC disclosures in financial statements are generally oriented to past events and focus more on the human capital component. Overall, ICDs in Thailand are more qualified than in Indonesia. The findings support the stakeholder and legitimacy theories. It was found that the greater the company’s resources, the higher the quality of disclosure of all intellectual capital (IC) components. Conversely, when associated with the position in the market, companies reduce the disclosures. As the company has gained the government’s legitimacy, management’s passion for revealing more about its ICD is diminishing. Research limitations/implications This study focuses on the agriculture and mining sectors in Indonesia and Thailand. The annual report is the primary medium to observe IC in qualitative and quantitative ways, yet firms would use other means to disclose their IC. This study deploys the content analysis method, in which the determination of scores is based on the researchers’ judgment. Originality/value This study contributes to the ICD-related literature by focusing on the agriculture and mining industries and multinational scopes. The ICD valuation is extended to the quality of disclosures, in which numerical and monetary figures also support the disclosures. This study also examined minority shareholders’ role in ICD quality, which is infrequent in ICD literature.

The value of disclosing intellectual capital in Spanish universities

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda Ramirez ◽  
Angel Tejada ◽  
Montserrat Manzaneque
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Good Decision ◽  
Professional Literature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Current Accounting ◽  
The Social ◽  
Spanish Universities ◽  
Spanish Public Universities

Purpose – This paper aims to provide a better understanding of the relationship between intellectual capital (IC) reporting and transparency in Spanish universities. The purpose of this paper is to obtain new empirical findings and an enhanced understanding of the role of IC in an organizational change process is obtained. Design/methodology/approach – In this study the authors developed a questionnaire which was sent to members of the Social Councils of Spanish public universities in order to analyse the views of university stakeholders in relation to the university’s annual reports and the adequacy and potential of IC reporting to meet their information needs. Findings – From the results of this study the authors are in the position of confirming the need for universities to offer information on IC in their accounting information model. Practical implications – All these results lead us to assert that to improve the information contained in the current university annual reports, it is necessary to make accounting regulators aware of the need to extend the information provided in the current accounting statements. Giving users access to a type of information relevant for good decision making constitutes a healthy exercise in transparency for universities. Originality/value – Although the scientific and professional literature has provided numerous studies about reporting a firm’s IC, further research is still needed for universities. This need is especially relevant when considering empirical supported IC models.

scholarly journals Compliance with materiality in G4-sustainability reports by electric utilities

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Slacik ◽  
Dorothea Greiling
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Electric Utility ◽  
Global Reporting Initiative ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reporting Practices ◽  
Reporting Practice ◽  
Sustainability Reports

Purpose Materiality as an emerging trend aims to make sustainability reports (SR) more relevant for stakeholders. This paper aims to investigate whether the reporting practice of electric utility companies (EUC) is in compliance with the materiality principle of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) when disclosing SR. Design/methodology/approach A twofold content analysis focusing on material aspects (MAs) is conducted, followed by correlation analysis. Logic and conversation theory (LCT) serves to evaluate the communication quality of documented materiality in SR by EUC. Findings The coverage and quality of documented MAs in SR by EUC do not meet the requirements for relevant and transparent communication. Materiality does not guide the reporting practice and is not taken seriously. Research limitations/implications Mediocre quality of coverage and communication in SR shows that stakeholders’ information needs are not considered adequately. The content analysis is limited in focusing on merely documented aspects rather than on actual performance. Originality/value This study considers the quality of communication of documented materiality through the lens of LCT. It contributes to the academic debate by introducing LCT as a viable theoretical perspective for analyzing SR. The paper evaluates GRI-G4 reporting practices in the electricity sector, which, while under-researched is crucial for sustainability. It also contributes to the emerging body of empirical research on the relevance of materiality as a guiding principle for sustainability reporting.

Intellectual capital and knowledge generation: an empirical study from Colombian public universities

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1053-1084
Author(s):  
John Salinas-Ávila ◽  
René Abreu-Ledón ◽  
Johnny Tamayo-Arias
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Relational Capital ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Structural Capital

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide empirical evidence on the relationships between the dimensions of intellectual capital (IC) and the generation of knowledge in public universities.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey was developed and administered in Colombia. A total of 209 researchers participated in the study. Data were collected through IC measurements concerning the research mission of the universities. Scientific publications from the respondents and the citations received were taken as proxies for the generation of knowledge. To test the hypotheses, structural equation modeling was used.FindingsHypotheses proposing a positive association between the dimensions of IC, namely, human capital, structural capital, and relational capital, and the generation of knowledge were tested. The findings highlight that human capital is indirectly and positively related to the generation of knowledge through relational capital, as well as through the path of structural capital-relational capital.Practical implicationsThe study suggests that directors of research at universities could improve the results of this activity by analyzing and understanding the dimensions of IC that contribute to the development of scientific capacities and the generation of knowledge.Originality/valueThis is one of the first studies that has examined the interrelationships between the dimensions of IC at universities and the generation of knowledge.

Intellectual capital and asset quality in an emerging banking market

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Asare ◽  
Margaret Momo Laryea ◽  
Joseph Mensah Onumah ◽  
Michael Effah Asamoah
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Panel Regressions ◽  
Banking Market ◽  
Asset Quality

PurposeThis study examines the causal relationship between intellectual capital and asset quality of banks in Ghana.Design/methodology/approachUsing annual data extracted from audited financial statements of 24 banks from 2006 to 2015, a ratio of non-performing loans to gross loans and advances is employed to estimate asset quality growths while the value-added intellectual coefficient by Pulic (2008, 2004) measures intellectual capital. The panel-corrected standard errors estimation technique is used to estimate panel regressions with asset quality as the dependent variable.FindingsAsset quality of banks in Ghana is generally not affected by intellectual capital. However, when intellectual capital is divided into its components, the study indicates that there are significant positive relationships between asset quality and two components of intellectual capital. Thus, structural capital and human capital efficiencies positively affect the asset quality of banks.Practical implicationsThe findings of the study implore managements of banks to increase structural and human capital investments and efficiencies to improve asset quality. Furthermore, the results have direct implications on developments in financial markets in emerging economies.Originality/valueThe study analyses the link between typical intellectual capital and asset quality of banks which is yet to be empirically examined in an emerging banking market.

Intellectual capital in Spanish public universities: stakeholders' information needs

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda Ramírez Córcoles ◽  
Jesús F. Santos Peñalver ◽  
Ángel Tejada Ponce
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
Spanish Public Universities

Intellectual capital disclosure in integrated reporting: an impression management analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 661-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaia Melloni
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Impression Management ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Integrated Reporting ◽  
Content Type ◽  
International Integrated Reporting Council ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – Intellectual capital (IC) is fundamental to understanding how firms create value; however, current IC disclosure (ICD) has been described as inadequate due to the lack of an established IC framework and companies’ actual commitment to report IC information. The International Integrated Reporting Council aims to foster ICD by means of integrated reporting (IR); such a report should display how IC and other forms of capital (e.g. financial) contribute to value creation over time. Drawing on impression management (IM) studies, the purpose of this paper is to assess the quality of ICD offered in IR. Design/methodology/approach – A manual content analysis of all the reports available in the International Integrated Reporting Council web site is run considering both the content of ICD and specific linguistic attributes (evidence, time orientation and tone). In addition, the study tests the relationship between the positive ICD tone and specific characteristics that may incentive managers to manipulate their disclosure to determine whether firms use ICD to manage public perceptions of corporate behaviour. Findings – The results of the content analysis show that majority of ICD is focused on relational capital, with limited quantitative and forward-looking information. Additionally, compared to non-ICD, ICD is significantly more optimistic. Furthermore, the positive tone of ICD is significantly associated with declining performance, bigger size and higher level of intangibles supporting the use of ICD as an IM strategy. Originality/value – The research contributes to the literature offering evidence of the quality of the ICD offered in the IR and demonstrating that ICD offered in the IR is used by managers opportunistically to advance their image.

Recognition and measurement of intellectual capital in Spanish universities

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda Ramírez ◽  
Silvia Gordillo
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Professional Literature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
The Social ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Spanish Universities ◽  
Spanish Public Universities ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a model for recognition and measurement of intellectual capital (IC) in Spanish universities. Design/methodology/approach – In this study the authors developed a questionnaire which was sent to members of the social councils of Spanish public universities in order to identify which intangible elements university stakeholders demand most. The study results served as a basis to develop a model of IC measurement for Spanish universities. Findings –The results of the empirical study are used to identify which intangible elements need to be measured and to define a battery of indicators. Practical implications – This paper aims to provide a set of IC indicators to help universities on the path to presenting useful information to their stakeholders, contributing to a greater transparency, accountability and comparability in the higher education sector. Originality/value – Although the scientific and professional literature has provided numerous proposals for measuring and reporting a firm's IC, further research is still needed since there are few empirically supported models for the measurement and reporting of IC in universities. This need is especially relevant when considering empirical supported IC models.

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