Sleep Posture Recognition with a Dual-Frequency Cardiopulmonary Doppler Radar

Multi-target tracking (MTT) generally requires either a network of Doppler radar receivers distributed at different locations or a phased array radar. The targets moving with small/no radial velocity or angular velocity only cannot be detected and localized completely by deploying Doppler radar without antenna arrays or multiple receivers. To resolve this issue, we present a new MTT algorithm based on 2-D velocity measurements, namely, radial and angular velocities, using dual-frequency interferometric radar. The contributions of the proposed research are twofold: First, we introduce the mathematical model and implementation of the proposed algorithm by explicitly establishing the relationship between 2-D velocity measurements and kinematic state of the target in terms of Cartesian coordinates. Based on 2-D velocity measurement function, the proposed MTT algorithm comprises the following steps: (i) data association using global nearest neighbor (GNN) method (ii) target state estimation using interacting multiple model (IMM) estimator combined with square-root cubature Kalman filter (SCKF) (iii) track management using rule-based M/N logic. Second, performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated in terms of tracking accuracy, computational complexity and IMM mean model probabilities. Simulation results for different scenarios with multiple targets moving in different tracks have been presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

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The FARM (Flexible Array of Radars and Mesonets)

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society ◽

10.1175/bams-d-20-0285.1 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-88

Author(s):

Joshua Wurman ◽

Karen Kosiba ◽

Brian Pereira ◽

Paul Robinson ◽

Andrew Frambach ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Doppler Radar ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Hazardous Substances ◽

Dual Frequency ◽

Weather Modification ◽

Light Power ◽

Wide Range ◽

Precipitation Boundary ◽

The Usa ◽

Weather Stations

AbstractThe Flexible Array of Radars and Mesonets (FARM) Facility is an extensive mobile/quickly-deployable (MQD) multiple-Doppler radar and in-situ instrumentation network.The FARM includes four radars: two 3-cm dual-polarization, dual-frequency (DPDF), Doppler On Wheels DOW6/DOW7, the Rapid-Scan DOW (RSDOW), and a quickly-deployable (QD) DPDF 5-cm COW C-band On Wheels (COW).The FARM includes 3 mobile mesonet (MM) vehicles with 3.5-m masts, an array of rugged QD weather stations (PODNET), QD weather stations deployed on infrastructure such as light/power poles (POLENET), four disdrometers, six MQD upper air sounding systems and a Mobile Operations and Repair Center (MORC).The FARM serves a wide variety of research/educational uses. Components have deployed to >30 projects during 1995-2020 in the USA, Europe, and South America, obtaining pioneering observations of a myriad of small spatial and temporal scale phenomena including tornadoes, hurricanes, lake-effect snow storms, aircraft-affecting turbulence, convection initiation, microbursts, intense precipitation, boundary-layer structures and evolution, airborne hazardous substances, coastal storms, wildfires and wildfire suppression efforts, weather modification effects, and mountain/alpine winds and precipitation. The radars and other FARM systems support innovative educational efforts, deploying >40 times to universities/colleges, providing hands-on access to cutting-edge instrumentation for their students.The FARM provides integrated multiple radar, mesonet, sounding, and related capabilities enabling diverse and robust coordinated sampling of three-dimensional vector winds, precipitation, and thermodynamics increasingly central to a wide range of mesoscale research.Planned innovations include S-band On Wheels NETwork (SOWNET) and Bistatic Adaptable Radar Network (BARN), offering more qualitative improvements to the field project observational paradigm, providing broad, flexible, and inexpensive 10-cm radar coverage and vector windfield measurements.

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Airborne Radar Observations of Severe Hailstorms: Implications for Future Spaceborne Radar

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology ◽

10.1175/jamc-d-12-0144.1 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 52 (8) ◽

pp. 1851-1867 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Gerald M. Heymsfield ◽

Lin Tian ◽

Lihua Li ◽

Matthew McLinden ◽

Jaime I. Cervantes

Keyword(s):

High Altitude ◽

Doppler Radar ◽

Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ◽

Airborne Radar ◽

Dual Frequency ◽

Precipitation Radar ◽

Ka Band ◽

Severe Thunderstorms ◽

Radar Measurements ◽

Spaceborne Radar

AbstractA new dual-frequency (Ku and Ka band) nadir-pointing Doppler radar on the high-altitude NASA ER-2 aircraft, called the High-Altitude Imaging Wind and Rain Airborne Profiler (HIWRAP), has collected data over severe thunderstorms in Oklahoma and Kansas during the Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E). The overarching motivation for this study is to understand the behavior of the dual-wavelength airborne radar measurements in a global variety of thunderstorms and how these may relate to future spaceborne-radar measurements. HIWRAP is operated at frequencies that are similar to those of the precipitation radar on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (Ku band) and the upcoming Global Precipitation Measurement mission satellite's dual-frequency (Ku and Ka bands) precipitation radar. The aircraft measurements of strong hailstorms have been combined with ground-based polarimetric measurements to obtain a better understanding of the response of the Ku- and Ka-band radar to the vertical distribution of the hydrometeors, including hail. Data from two flight lines on 24 May 2011 are presented. Doppler velocities were ~39 m s−1 at 10.7-km altitude from the first flight line early on 24 May, and the lower value of ~25 m s−1 on a second flight line later in the day. Vertical motions estimated using a fall speed estimate for large graupel and hail suggested that the first storm had an updraft that possibly exceeded 60 m s−1 for the more intense part of the storm. This large updraft speed along with reports of 5-cm hail at the surface, reflectivities reaching 70 dBZ at S band in the storm cores, and hail signals from polarimetric data provide a highly challenging situation for spaceborne-radar measurements in intense convective systems. The Ku- and Ka-band reflectivities rarely exceed ~47 and ~37 dBZ, respectively, in these storms.

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Realization of the NASA Dual-Frequency Dual-Polarized Doppler Radar (D3R)

2010 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium ◽

10.1109/igarss.2010.5653929 ◽

2010 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Manuel Vega ◽

James Carswell ◽

V. Chandrasekar ◽

Mathew Schwaller ◽

Kumar Vijay Mishra

Keyword(s):

Doppler Radar ◽

Dual Frequency ◽

Dual Polarized

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Observations of a Tropical Thunderstorm Using a Vertically Pointing, Dual-Frequency, Collinear Beam Doppler Radar

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology ◽

10.1175/1520-0426(1993)010<0663:ooattu>2.0.co;2 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 663-673 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

P. B. Chilson ◽

C. W. Ulbrich ◽

M. F. Larsen ◽

P. Perillat ◽

J. E. Keener

Keyword(s):

Doppler Radar ◽

Dual Frequency

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Sensitivity Enhancement System for Pulse Compression Weather Radar

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology ◽

10.1175/jtech-d-14-00049.1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 31 (12) ◽

pp. 2732-2748 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Cuong M. Nguyen ◽

V. Chandrasekar

Keyword(s):

Pulse Compression ◽

Doppler Radar ◽

Matched Filter ◽

Simulated Data ◽

Weather Radar ◽

Sensitivity Enhancement ◽

Dual Frequency ◽

Transmission Scheme ◽

Compression Technique ◽

System Sensitivity

Abstract The use of low-power solid-state transmitters in weather radar to keep costs down requires a pulse compression technique that maintains an adequate minimum detectable signal. However, wideband pulse compression filters will partly reduce the system’s sensitivity performance. In this paper, a sensitivity enhancement system (SES) for pulse compression weather radar is developed to mitigate this issue. SES uses a dual-waveform transmission scheme and an adaptive pulse compression filter. The waveforms’ diversity can be done in the frequency domain or the time domain. The adaptive filter is designed based on the self-consistency between signal returns from the two waveforms. Analysis based on radar-simulated data and observations from NASA’s dual-frequency dual-polarized Doppler radar (D3R) shows that by using SES, the system sensitivity can be improved by 7–10 dB when compared to that of the conventional matched filter.

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