scholarly journals Optimal integration time for UWB transmitted reference correlation receivers

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Ling Chao
Keyword(s):  
Integration Time ◽  
Transmitted Reference ◽  
Optimal Integration

scholarly journals Fully Integrated Photoacoustic NO2 Sensor for Sub-ppb Level Measurement

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Dong ◽  
Mingsi Gu ◽  
Gongdong Zhu ◽  
Tu Tan ◽  
Kun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Diode ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Blue Laser ◽  
Integration Time ◽  
Gas Analyzer ◽  
Photoacoustic Cell ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Optimal Integration ◽  
Mems Microphone ◽  
No2 Sensor

A fully integrated photoacoustic nitrogen dioxide (NO2) sensor is developed and demonstrated. In this sensor, an embedded photoacoustic cell was manufactured by using an up-to-date 3D printing technique. A blue laser diode was used as a light source for excitation of photoacoustic wave in the photoacoustic cell. The photoacoustic wave is detected by a sensitive microelectromechanical system (MEMS) microphone. Homemade circuits are integrated into the sensor for laser diode driving and signal processing. The sensor was calibrated by using a chemiluminescence NO–NO2–NOX gas analyzer. And the performance of this sensor was evaluated. The linear relationship between photoacoustic signals and NO2 concentrations was verified in a range of below 202 ppb. The limit of detection was determined to 0.86 ppb with an integration time of 1 s. The corresponding normalized noise equivalent absorption was 2.0 × 10−8 cm−1∙W∙Hz−1/2. The stability and the optimal integration time were evaluated with an Allan deviation analysis, from which a detection limit of 0.25 ppb at the optimal integration time of 240 s was obtained. The sensor was used to measure outdoor air and the results agree with that obtained from the NO–NO2–NOX gas analyzer. The low-cost and portable photoacoustic NO2 sensor has a potential application for atmospheric NO2 monitoring.

Optimal integration time in OCT imaging

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenz Martin ◽  
Stephan Gräub ◽  
Christoph Meier
Keyword(s):  
Integration Time ◽  
Optimal Integration ◽  
Oct Imaging

scholarly journals Theory for the optimal detection of time-varying signals in cellular sensing systems

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Malaguti ◽  
Pieter Rein ten Wolde
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Integration Time ◽  
Optimal Detection ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Sensing System ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Optimal Integration ◽  
Chemotaxis System ◽  
Do So

Living cells often need to measure chemical concentrations that vary in time, yet how accurately they can do so is poorly understood. Here, we present a theory that fully specifies, without any adjustable parameters, the optimal design of a canonical sensing system in terms of two elementary design principles: (1) there exists an optimal integration time, which is determined by the input statistics and the number of receptors; and (2) in the optimally designed system, the number of independent concentration measurements as set by the number of receptors and the optimal integration time equals the number of readout molecules that store these measurements and equals the work to store these measurements reliably; no resource is then in excess and hence wasted. Applying our theory to the Escherichia coli chemotaxis system indicates that its integration time is not only optimal for sensing shallow gradients but also necessary to enable navigation in these gradients.

CHARACTERIZING THE MASS/FORCE MEASUREMENT CAPABILITY OF A MICROBALANCE

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 1360039 ◽  
Author(s):  
YU-SHAN YEH ◽  
SHENG-JUI CHEN ◽  
CHIN-FEN TUAN ◽  
YI-CHING LIN ◽  
SHEAU-SHI PAN
Keyword(s):  
Force Measurement ◽  
Variation Method ◽  
Integration Time ◽  
Mass Force ◽  
Mass Measurements ◽  
Measurement Capability ◽  
Optimal Integration ◽  
Optical Table ◽  
Allan Variation

Specifying and reducing the uncertainty is very important to all kinds of measurements. In order to have a better understanding of the noise mechanism responsible for lowering the quality of mass/force measurements, the Allan variation method is applied to investigate the noise performance of a commercial ultra-microbalance installed on different noise reduction platforms. It turns out that the marble table provides a better noise isolation environment for mass measurements than an optical table. The optimal integration time is found to be 100 sec ~ 200 sec, with a lowest deviation of 0.07 μg. A different data treatment simulating the ABA load/unload cycle is also applied with or without a delay time for signal integration. The consistency between Allan deviation and the ABA simulation plots points out that the optimal integration time is applicable either in single or cyclic mass measurements.

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