Reducing the Exposure to Millimetre Wave Radiation Using Distributed Base Stations in C-RAN Architecture

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naser Al-Falahy ◽  
Omar Y. K. Alani
Keyword(s):  
Base Stations ◽  
Wave Radiation ◽  
Millimetre Wave

scholarly journals Millimetre wave radiation activates leech nociceptors via TRPV1-like receptor sensitisation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Romanenko ◽  
A. R. Harvey ◽  
L Hool ◽  
R. Begley ◽  
S. Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Slices ◽  
Potassium Conductance ◽  
Resting Potential ◽  
Wave Radiation ◽  
60 Ghz ◽  
Membrane Excitability ◽  
Millimetre Wave ◽  
Conductive Heating ◽  
Exposure Levels

AbstractDue to new applications such as wireless communications, security scanning, and imaging the presence of artificially generated high frequency (30-300 GHz) millimetre-wave (MMW) signals in the environment is increasing. Although safe exposure levels have been set by studies involving direct thermal damage to tissue, there is evidence that MMWs can have an impact on cellular function, including neurons. Earlier in vitro studies have shown that exposure levels well below the recommended safe limit of 1mW/cm2 cause changes in the action potential (AP) firing rate, resting potential, and AP pulse shape of sensory neurons in leech preparations, as well as alter neuronal properties in rat cortical brain slices; these effects differ from changes induced by direct heating. In this paper we examine continuous MMW power (up to 80 mW/cm2 at 60 GHz) and evaluate the responses in the thermosensitive primary nociceptors of the medicinal leech (genus Richardsonianus Australis). The results show that MMW exposure causes an almost two-fold decrease in the threshold for activation of the AP compared with conductive heating (3.6±0.4 mV vs. 6.5±0.4 mV respectively). Our analysis suggests that MMW exposure mediated threshold alterations are not caused by enhancement of voltage gated sodium and potassium conductance. Moreover, it appears that MMW exposure has a modest suppressing effect on membrane excitability. We propose that the reduction in AP threshold can be attributed to sensitization of the TRPV1-like receptor in the leech nociceptor. In silico modelling supported the experimental findings. Our results provide evidence that MMW exposure stimulates specific receptor responses that differ from direct conductive heating, fostering the need for additional studies.

Generation of short millimetre-wave radiation using dot-matrix uni-travelling-carrier photodiode

2003 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Itoh ◽  
T. Nozokido ◽  
P.G. Huggard ◽  
B.N. Ellison ◽  
P. Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Radiation ◽  
Millimetre Wave

Detection of Millimetre Wave Radiation by Y-Ba-Cu-O Thin Films at Liquid Nitrogen Temperatures

1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Konopka ◽  
R. Sobolewski ◽  
A. Konopka ◽  
S. J. Lewandowski ◽  
W. Kula
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Wave Radiation ◽  
Millimetre Wave

Interaction of a semiconductor sample partly filling a waveguide's window with millimetre wave radiation

2005 ◽  
Vol 152 (4) ◽  
pp. 240 ◽  
Author(s):  
. Kancleris ◽  
V. Tamošinas ◽  
M. Dagys ◽  
R.M. Simniškis ◽  
F.J. Agee
Keyword(s):  
Wave Radiation ◽  
Millimetre Wave ◽  
Semiconductor Sample

scholarly journals Multi Beam Dielectric Lens Antenna for 5G Base Station

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 5849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farizah Ansarudin ◽  
Tharek Abd Rahman ◽  
Yoshihide Yamada ◽  
Nurul Huda Abd Rahman ◽  
Kamilia Kamardin
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Pattern ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Beam Radiation ◽  
Lens Antenna ◽  
Millimetre Wave ◽  
Small Curvature ◽  
Lens Antennas ◽  
Base Station Antennas ◽  
Dielectric Lens

In the 5G mobile system, new features such as millimetre wave operation, small cell size and multi beam are requested at base stations. At millimetre wave, the base station antennas become very small in size, which is about 30 cm; thus, dielectric lens antennas that have excellent multi beam radiation pattern performance are suitable candidates. For base station application, the lens antennas with small thickness and small curvature are requested for light weight and ease of installation. In this paper, a new lens shaping method for thin and small lens curvature is proposed. In order to develop the thin lens antenna, comparisons of antenna structures with conventional aperture distribution lens and Abbe’s sine lens are made. Moreover, multi beam radiation pattern of three types of lenses are compared. As a result, the thin and small curvature of the proposed lens and an excellent multi beam radiation pattern are ensured.

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