Generation of Runaway Electrons and X-ray at a Microsecond Voltage Rise Time in Different Gases

We present observations of X-rays from laboratory sparks created in the air at atmospheric pressure by applying an impulse voltage with long (250 µs) rise-time. X-ray production in 35 and 46 cm gaps for three different electrode configurations was studied. The results demonstrate, for the first time, the production of X-rays in gaps subjected to switching impulses. The low rate of rise of the voltage in switching impulses does not significantly reduce the production of X-rays. Additionally, the timing of the X-ray occurrence suggests the possibility that the mechanism of X-ray production by sparks is related to the collision of streamers of opposite polarity.

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The influence of repetitive square wave voltage rise time on partial discharge inception voltage

2016 IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP) ◽

10.1109/ceidp.2016.7785635 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Peng Wang ◽

Hongying Xu ◽

Jian Wang ◽

Wanya Zhou ◽

Andrea Cavallini

Keyword(s):

Rise Time ◽

Partial Discharge ◽

Voltage Rise ◽

Square Wave ◽

Inception Voltage

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High-resolution p-i-n CdTe and CdZnTe X-ray detectors with cooling and rise-time discrimination

1995 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference Record ◽

10.1109/nssmic.1995.504321 ◽

2002 ◽

Author(s):

A. Niemela ◽

H. Sipila ◽

V.I. Ivanov

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Rise Time ◽

X Ray ◽

Time Discrimination

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Generation of runaway electrons and X-ray emission during breakdown of atmospheric-pressure air by voltage pulses with an ∼0.5-μs front duration

Plasma Physics Reports ◽

10.1134/s1063780x15030058 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 269-273 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

I. D. Kostyrya ◽

V. F. Tarasenko

Keyword(s):

Atmospheric Pressure ◽

Runaway Electrons ◽

X Ray ◽

Front Duration ◽

Voltage Pulses

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Progress in HXR diagnostics at GOLEM and COMPASS tokamaks

Journal of Instrumentation ◽

10.1088/1748-0221/17/01/c01033 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 17 (01) ◽

pp. C01033

Author(s):

J. Cerovsky ◽

O. Ficker ◽

V. Svoboda ◽

E. Macusova ◽

J. Mlynar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Tool ◽

Runaway Electron ◽

Sampling Rate ◽

Data Acquisition System ◽

Scintillation Detectors ◽

Low Density ◽

Runaway Electrons ◽

X Ray ◽

Radiation Induced ◽

Pulse Analysis

Abstract Scintillation detectors are widely used for hard X-ray spectroscopy and allow us to investigate the dynamics of runaway electrons in tokamaks. This diagnostic tool proved to be able to provide information about the energy or the number of runaway electrons. Presently it has been used for runaway studies at the GOLEM and the COMPASS tokamaks. The set of scintillation detectors used at both tokamaks was significantly extended and improved. Besides NaI(Tl) (2 × 2 inch) scintillation detectors, YAP(Ce) and CeBr3 were employed. The data acquisition system was accordingly improved and the data from scintillation detectors is collected with appropriate sampling rate (≈300 MHz) and sufficient bandwidth (≈100 MHz) to allow a pulse analysis. Up to five detectors can currently simultaneously monitor hard X-ray radiation at the GOLEM. The same scintillation detectors were also installed during the runaway electron campaign at the COMPASS tokamak. The aim of this contribution is to report progress in diagnostics of HXR radiation induced by runaway electrons at the GOLEM and the COMPASS tokamaks. The data collected during the 12th runaway electron campaign (2020) at COMPASS shows that count rates during typical low-density runaway electron discharges are in a range of hundreds of kHz and detected photon energies go up to 10 MeV (measured outside the tokamak hall). Acquired data from experimental campaigns from both machines will be discussed.

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Rise Time of Hard X-Ray Bursts

Solar Gamma-, X-, and EUV Radiation ◽

10.1007/978-94-010-1802-9_25 ◽

1975 ◽

pp. 237-238

Author(s):

Joan Vorpahl ◽

Tatsuo Takakura

Keyword(s):

Rise Time ◽

X Ray

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STUDY OF RISE TIME OF X-RAY OUTBURSTS OF SOFT STATE BLACK HOLE BINARY 4U 1630-47

Strad Research ◽

10.37896/sr7.11/048 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

Keyword(s):

Black Hole ◽

Rise Time ◽

X Ray ◽

Soft State ◽

Black Hole Binary

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Backward runaway electrons in a subnanosecond air discharge at atmospheric pressure

Laser and Particle Beams ◽

10.1017/s0263034615000907 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 23-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Victor F. Tarasenko ◽

Igor' D. Kostyrya ◽

Dmitry V. Beloplotov

Keyword(s):

High Voltage ◽

Atmospheric Pressure ◽

Exposure Dose ◽

X Rays ◽

Runaway Electrons ◽

Full Width ◽

Half Maximum ◽

X Ray ◽

Grid Cathode ◽

Air Discharge

AbstractIn the paper, we study the conditions for the generation of backward runaway electrons through a grounded grid cathode in atmospheric pressure air at high-voltage pulses with a full width at half maximum of 1 ns and risetime of 0.3 ns applied to the gap from a SLEP-150 pulser. The study confirms that backward runaway electrons and X-rays do arise near grid cathodes in atmospheric pressure air. It is shown that the current of the backward beam and the X-rays from the gas diode depend differently on the interelectrode distance. The average X-ray exposure dose in a pulse is more than 3.5 mR.

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