Classification of auditory attention focuses during speech perception

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiqing Yu ◽  
Minpeng Xu ◽  
Jiayuan Meng ◽  
Zhen Ma ◽  
Dong Ming
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Auditory Attention

A New Classification of Cochleovestibular Malformations and Implications for Predicting Speech Perception Ability after Cochlear Implantation

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Wook Jeong ◽  
Lee-Suk Kim
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Cochlear Implantation ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Type A ◽  
Cochlear Nerve ◽  
Type B ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Type D ◽  
Type C

Objectives: The aims of this study were to introduce a new classification of cochleovestibular malformation (CVM) and to investigate how well this classification can predict speech perception ability after cochlear implantation in children with CVM. Methods: Fifty-nine children with CVM who had used a cochlear implant for more than 3 years were included. CVM was classified into 4 subtypes based on the morphology of the cochlea and the modiolus on temporal bone computed tomography (TBCT): normal cochlea and normal modiolus (type A, n = 16), malformed cochlea and partial modiolus (type B, n = 31), malformed cochlea and no modiolus (type C, n = 6), and no cochlea and no modiolus (type D, n = 6). Speech perception test scores were compared between the subtypes of CVM using analysis of covariance with post hoc Bonferroni test. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to identify the significant predictors of the speech perception test scores. Results: The speech perception test scores after implantation were significantly better in children with CVM type A or type B than in children with CVM type C or type D. The test scores did not differ significantly between the implanted children with CVM type A or type B and those without CVM. In univariate regression analysis, the type of CVM was a significant predictor of the speech perception test scores in implanted children with CVM. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that the age at cochlear implantation, cochlear nerve size and preimplantation speech perception test scores were significant predictors of the postimplantation speech perception test scores. The chance of cochlear nerve deficiency increased progressively from CVM type A to type D. Conclusion: The new classification of CVM based on the morphology of the cochlea and the modiolus is simple and easy to use, and correlated well with postimplantation speech perception ability and cochlear nerve status. This simple classification of CVM using TBCT with cochlear nerve assessment by magnetic resonance imaging is helpful in the preoperative evaluation of children with CVM.

Language Processes and Linguistic Levels

1982 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-10
Author(s):  
Clara S. Wing
Keyword(s):  
Response Selection ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Language Ability ◽  
Auditory Memory ◽  
Auditory Attention ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Language Abilities ◽  
Language Deficits ◽  
Oral Motor

Historical reasons for the variety of approaches to the classification of language abilities and disabilities are explained. A model of language abilities in matrix form is described in which areas of language ability are defined in terms of the effects of receptive and expressive language processes on four linguistic levels: phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics. The language processes are selective auditory attention, auditory discrimination, auditory memory, auditory association or comprehension, response selection and organization, oral retrieval, oral sequencing, and oral motor output. This model provides a better basis for assessment and remediation of language deficits than does one in which language processes and linguistic levels are seen as parallel because its framework can be used for evaluating and selecting nonconfounding assessment instruments so that specific areas of deficit can be identified.

Listening Effort Among Adults With and Without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 4554-4563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riki Taitelbaum-Swead ◽  
Zvi Kozol ◽  
Leah Fostick
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Auditory Attention ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Listening Effort ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Visual Motor

Purpose Few studies have assessed listening effort (LE)—the cognitive resources required to perceive speech—among populations with intact hearing but reduced availability of cognitive resources. Attention/deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is theorized to restrict attention span, possibly making speech perception in adverse conditions more challenging. This study examined the effect of ADHD on LE among adults using a behavioral dual-task paradigm (DTP). Method Thirty-nine normal-hearing adults (aged 21–27 years) participated: 19 with ADHD (ADHD group) and 20 without ADHD (control group). Baseline group differences were measured in visual and auditory attention as well as speech perception. LE using DTP was assessed as the performance difference on a visual–motor task versus a simultaneous auditory and visual–motor task. Results Group differences in attention were confirmed by differences in visual attention (larger reaction times between congruent and incongruent conditions) and auditory attention (lower accuracy in the presence of distractors) among the ADHD group, compared to the controls. LE was greater among the ADHD group than the control group. Nevertheless, no group differences were found in speech perception. Conclusions LE is increased among those with ADHD. As a DTP assumes limited cognitive capacity to allocate attentional resources, LE among those with ADHD may be increased because higher level cognitive processes are more taxed in this population. Studies on LE using a DTP should take into consideration mechanisms of selective and divided attention. Among young adults who need to continuously process great volumes of auditory and visual information, much more effort may be expended by those with ADHD than those without it. As a result, those with ADHD may be more prone to fatigue and irritability, similar to those who are engaged in more outwardly demanding tasks.

scholarly journals Neural Oscillation-Based Classification of Japanese Spoken Sentences During Speech Perception

2019 ◽  
Vol E102.D (2) ◽  
pp. 383-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki WATANABE ◽  
Hiroki TANAKA ◽  
Sakriani SAKTI ◽  
Satoshi NAKAMURA
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Neural Oscillation

Note on the spectral classification of carbon stars in the photographic infrared region

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
Y. Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Region ◽  
Spectral Classification ◽  
Carbon Stars

We have investigated the spectrograms (dispersion: 8Å/mm) in the photographic infrared region fromλ7500 toλ9000 of some carbon stars obtained by the coudé spectrograph of the 74-inch reflector attached to the Okayama Astrophysical Observatory. The names of the stars investigated are listed in Table 1.

Diagnostic Value of Electron Microscopy in Soft Tissue Tumors

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 220-221
Author(s):  
Gerald Fine ◽  
Azorides R. Morales
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Myxoma ◽  
Osteogenic Sarcoma ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Soft Tissue Tumors ◽  
Amelanotic Melanoma ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Light Microscopic Level ◽  
Mesenchymal Tumors ◽  
Good Agreement

For years the separation of carcinoma and sarcoma and the subclassification of sarcomas has been based on the appearance of the tumor cells and their microscopic growth pattern and information derived from certain histochemical and special stains. Although this method of study has produced good agreement among pathologists in the separation of carcinoma from sarcoma, it has given less uniform results in the subclassification of sarcomas. There remain examples of neoplasms of different histogenesis, the classification of which is questionable because of similar cytologic and growth patterns at the light microscopic level; i.e. amelanotic melanoma versus carcinoma and occasionally sarcoma, sarcomas with an epithelial pattern of growth simulating carcinoma, histologically similar mesenchymal tumors of different histogenesis (histiocytoma versus rhabdomyosarcoma, lytic osteogenic sarcoma versus rhabdomyosarcoma), and myxomatous mesenchymal tumors of diverse histogenesis (myxoid rhabdo and liposarcomas, cardiac myxoma, myxoid neurofibroma, etc.)

Ultrastructure of mesotheliomas

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 98-101
Author(s):  
Irving Dardick
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Latent Period ◽  
Spindle Cell ◽  
Spindle Cell Sarcoma ◽  
Metastatic Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Cell Sarcoma ◽  
Cytological Features ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
Degree Of Differentiation

With the extensive industrial use of asbestos in this century and the long latent period (20-50 years) between exposure and tumor presentation, the incidence of malignant mesothelioma is now increasing. Thus, surgical pathologists are more frequently faced with the dilemma of differentiating mesothelioma from metastatic adenocarcinoma and spindle-cell sarcoma involving serosal surfaces. Electron microscopy is amodality useful in clarifying this problem.In utilizing ultrastructural features in the diagnosis of mesothelioma, it is essential to appreciate that the classification of this tumor reflects a variety of morphologic forms of differing biologic behavior (Table 1). Furthermore, with the variable histology and degree of differentiation in mesotheliomas it might be expected that the ultrastructure of such tumors also reflects a range of cytological features. Such is the case.

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